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Fernandes T, Silva-Sousa F, Pereira F, Rito T, Soares P, Franco-Duarte R, Sousa MJ. Biotechnological Importance of Torulaspora delbrueckii: From the Obscurity to the Spotlight. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090712. [PMID: 34575750 PMCID: PMC8467266 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Torulaspora delbrueckii has attracted interest in recent years, especially due to its biotechnological potential, arising from its flavor- and aroma-enhancing properties when used in wine, beer or bread dough fermentation, as well as from its remarkable resistance to osmotic and freezing stresses. In the present review, genomic, biochemical, and phenotypic features of T. delbrueckii are described, comparing them with other species, particularly with the biotechnologically well-established yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We conclude about the aspects that make this yeast a promising biotechnological model to be exploited in a wide range of industries, particularly in wine and bakery. A phylogenetic analysis was also performed, using the core proteome of T. delbrueckii, to compare the number of homologous proteins relative to the most closely related species, understanding the phylogenetic placement of this species with robust support. Lastly, the genetic tools available for T. delbrueckii improvement are discussed, focusing on adaptive laboratorial evolution and its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ticiana Fernandes
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (T.F.); (F.S.-S.); (F.P.); (T.R.); (P.S.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Flávia Silva-Sousa
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (T.F.); (F.S.-S.); (F.P.); (T.R.); (P.S.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Fábio Pereira
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (T.F.); (F.S.-S.); (F.P.); (T.R.); (P.S.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Teresa Rito
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (T.F.); (F.S.-S.); (F.P.); (T.R.); (P.S.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Soares
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (T.F.); (F.S.-S.); (F.P.); (T.R.); (P.S.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Franco-Duarte
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (T.F.); (F.S.-S.); (F.P.); (T.R.); (P.S.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +351-253-604-310; Fax: +351-253-678-980
| | - Maria João Sousa
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (T.F.); (F.S.-S.); (F.P.); (T.R.); (P.S.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Hausner G, Reid J, Klassen GR. Do Galeate-Ascospore Members of the Cephaloascaceae, Endomycetaceae and Ophiostomataceae Share a Common Phylogeny? Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1992.12026219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Hausner
- Department of Botany, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - James Reid
- Department of Botany, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Glen R. Klassen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Winka
- Department of Ecological Botany, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ove E. Eriksson
- Department of Ecological Botany, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Åsa Bång
- Department of Ecological Botany, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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Jones KG, Blackwell M. Ribosomal DNA sequence analysis places the yeast-like genus Symbiotaphrina within filamentous ascomycetes. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1996.12026646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G. Jones
- Department of Plant Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Meredith Blackwell
- Department of Plant Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
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5
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Ząbek A, Klimek-Ochab M, Jawień E, Młynarz P. Biodiversity in targeted metabolomics analysis of filamentous fungal pathogens by 1H NMR-based studies. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:132. [PMID: 28585165 PMCID: PMC5486612 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The taxonomical classification among fungi kingdom in the last decades was evolved. In this work the targeted metabolomics study based on 1H NMR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics tools was reported to be useful for differentiation of three model of fungal strains, which represent various genus of Ascomycota (Aspergillus pallidofulvus, Fusarium oxysporum, Geotrichum candidum) were selected in order to perform metabolomics studies. Each tested species, revealed specific metabolic profile of primary endo-metabolites. The species of A. pallidofulvus is represented by the highest concentration of glycerol, glucitol and Unk5. While, F. oxysporum species is characterised by increased level of propylene glycol, ethanol, 4-aminobutyrate, succinate, xylose, Unk1 and Unk4. In G. candidum, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, glutamate, pyruvate, glutamine and citrate were elevated. Additionally, a detailed analysis of metabolic changes among A. pallidofulvus, F. oxysporum and G. candidum showed that A. pallidofulvus seems to be the most pathogenic fungi. The obtained results demonstrated that targeted metabolomics analysis could be utilized in the future as a supporting taxonomical tool for currently methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Ząbek
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Klimek-Ochab
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Jawień
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Młynarz
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.
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6
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Freeland JR, Boag PT. THE MITOCHONDRIAL AND NUCLEAR GENETIC HOMOGENEITY OF THE PHENOTYPICALLY DIVERSE DARWIN'S GROUND FINCHES. Evolution 2017; 53:1553-1563. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb05418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/1997] [Accepted: 06/15/1999] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna R. Freeland
- Department of Biology; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Peter T. Boag
- Department of Biology; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
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Papulosa amerospora accommodated in a new family (Papulosaceae, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) inferred from morphological and molecular data. MYCOSCIENCE 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02464316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Suzuki M, Suh SO, Sugita T, Nakase T. A phylogenetic study on galactose-containing Candida species based on 18S ribosomal DNA sequences. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 1999; 45:229-238. [PMID: 12501365 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.45.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships of 33 Candida species containing galactose in the cells were investigated by using 18S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. Galactose-containing Candida species and galactose-containing species from nine ascomycetous genera were a heterogeneous assemblage. They were divided into three clusters (II, III, and IV) which were phylogenetically distant from cluster I, comprising 9 galactose-lacking Candida species, C. glabrata, C. holmii, C. krusei, C. tropicalis (the type species of Candida), C. albicans, C. viswanathii, C. maltosa, C. parapsilosis, C. guilliermondii, and C. lusitaniae, and 17 related ascomycetous yeasts. These three clusters were also phylogenetically distant from Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which contains galactomannan in its cell wall. Cluster II comprised C. magnoliae, C. vaccinii, C. apis, C. gropengiesseri, C. etchellsii, C. floricola, C. lactiscondensi, Wickerhamiella domercqiae, C. versatilis, C. azyma, C. vanderwaltii, C. pararugosa, C. sorbophila, C. spandovensis, C. galacta, C. ingens, C. incommunis, Yarrowia lipolytica, Galactomyces geotrichum, and Dipodascus albidus. Cluster III comprised C. tepae, C. antillancae and its synonym C. bondarzewiae, C. ancudensis, C. petrohuensis, C. santjacobensis, C. ciferrii (anamorph of Stephanoascus ciferrii), Arxula terrestris, C. castrensis, C. valdiviana, C. paludigena, C. blankii, C. salmanticensis, C. auringiensis, C. bertae, and its synonym C. bertae var. chiloensis, C. edax (anamorph of Stephanoascus smithiae), Arxula adeninivorans, and C. steatolytica (synonym of Zygoascus hellenicus). Cluster IV comprised C. cantarellii, C. vinaria, Dipodascopsis uninucleata, and Lipomyces lipofer. Two galactose-lacking and Q-8-forming species, C. stellata and Pichia pastoris, and 5 galactose-lacking and Q-9-forming species, C. apicola, C. bombi, C. bombicola, C. geochares, and C. insectalens, were included in Cluster II. Two galactose-lacking and Q-9-forming species, C. drimydis and C. chiropterorum, were included in Cluster III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motofumi Suzuki
- Japan Collection of Microorganisms, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako 351-0198, Japan
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9
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Abstract
Fungal infections, especially those caused by opportunistic species, have become substantially more common in recent decades. Numerous species cause human infections, and several new human pathogens are discovered yearly. This situation has created an increasing interest in fungal taxonomy and has led to the development of new methods and approaches to fungal biosystematics which have promoted important practical advances in identification procedures. However, the significance of some data provided by the new approaches is still unclear, and results drawn from such studies may even increase nomenclatural confusion. Analyses of rRNA and rDNA sequences constitute an important complement of the morphological criteria needed to allow clinical fungi to be more easily identified and placed on a single phylogenetic tree. Most of the pathogenic fungi so far described belong to the kingdom Fungi; two belong to the kingdom Chromista. Within the Fungi, they are distributed in three phyla and in 15 orders (Pneumocystidales, Saccharomycetales, Dothideales, Sordariales, Onygenales, Eurotiales, Hypocreales, Ophiostomatales, Microascales, Tremellales, Poriales, Stereales, Agaricales, Schizophyllales, and Ustilaginales).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guarro
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain.
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Polyphyletic origins of yeast-like endocytobionts from anobiid and cerambycid beetles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1017/s0953756298007308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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12
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Lipscomb DL, Farris JS, Kallersjo M, Tehler A. Support, Ribosomal Sequences and the Phylogeny Of The Eukaryotes. Cladistics 1998; 14:303-338. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.1998.tb00341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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13
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Blaisonneau J, Sor F, Cheret G, Yarrow D, Fukuhara H. A circular plasmid from the yeast Torulaspora delbrueckii. Plasmid 1998; 38:202-9. [PMID: 9435022 DOI: 10.1006/plas.1997.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A new member of the 2-micron family of plasmids, named pTD1, was found in the yeast Torulaspora delbrueckii, a widespread yeast associated with food. Nucleotide sequences revealed the presence of a pair of inverted repeats and three open reading frames, one of which is a homologue of the FLP recombinase gene of 2-micron plasmid. An ARS region was identified, by replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and T. delbrueckii, near one of the inverted repeats. By the use of pTD1 derivatives and auxotrophic mutant hosts an efficient host-vector system was established for T. delbrueckii. So far, the 2-micron family of plasmids is restricted to four closely related genera (Q6 group): Saccharomyces, Zygosaccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, and Torulaspora. After a survey of 2500 strains belonging to about 500 species (80 genera) of yeast, no circular plasmids were found in other genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Blaisonneau
- Institut Curie Section de Recherche, UMR 216, Centre Universitaire Paris XI, Orsay, France
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14
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Dong J, Dickson RC. Glucose represses the lactose-galactose regulon in Kluyveromyces lactis through a SNF1 and MIG1- dependent pathway that modulates galactokinase (GAL1) gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 1997; 25:3657-64. [PMID: 9278487 PMCID: PMC146954 DOI: 10.1093/nar/25.18.3657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the lactose-galactose regulon in Kluyveromyces lactis is induced by lactose or galactose and repressed by glucose. Some components of the induction and glucose repression pathways have been identified but many remain unknown. We examined the role of the SNF1 (KlSNF1) and MIG1 (KlMIG1) genes in the induction and repression pathways. Our data show that full induction of the regulon requires SNF1; partial induction occurs in a Klsnf1 -deleted strain, indicating that a KlSNF1 -independent pathway(s) also regulates induction. MIG1 is required for full glucose repression of the regulon, but there must be a KlMIG1 -independent repression pathway also. The KlMig1 protein appears to act downstream of the KlSnf1 protein in the glucose repression pathway. Most importantly, the KlSnf1-KIMig repression pathway operates by modulating KlGAL1 expression. Regulating KlGAL1 expression in this manner enables the cell to switch the regulon off in the presence of glucose. Overall, our data show that, while the Snf1 and Mig1 proteins play similar roles in regulating the galactose regulon in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and K.lactis , the way in which these proteins are integrated into the regulatory circuits are unique to each regulon, as is the degree to which each regulon is controlled by the two proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and the L. P. Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536-0084, USA
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15
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Prillinger H, Schweigkofler W, Breitenbach M, Briza P, Staudacher E, Lopandic K, Molnár O, Weigang F, Ibl M, Ellinger A. Phytopathogenic filamentous (Ashbya, Eremothecium) and dimorphic fungi (Holleya, Nematospora) with needle-shaped ascospores as new members within the Saccharomycetaceae. Yeast 1997; 13:945-60. [PMID: 9271109 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0061(199708)13:10<945::aid-yea150>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships between species from the genera Kluyveromyces and Saccharomyces and representatives of the Metschnikowiaceae (Holleya, Metschnikowia, Nematospora) including the two filamentous phytopathogenic fungi Ashbya gossypii and Eremothecium ashbyii were studied by comparing the monosaccharide pattern of purified cell walls, the ubiquinone system, the presence of dityrosine in ascospore walls, and nucleotide sequences of ribosomal DNA (complete 18S rDNA, ITS1 and ITS2 region). Based on sequence information from both ITS regions, the genera Ashbya, Eremothecium, Holleya and Nematospora are closely related and may be placed in a single genus as suggested by Kurtzman (1995; J Industr. Microbiol. 14, 523-530). In a phylogenetic tree derived from the ITS1 and ITS2 region as well as in a tree derived from the complete 18S rDNA gene, the genus Metschnikowia remains distinct. The molecular evidence from ribosomal sequences suggests that morphology and ornamentation of ascospores as well as mycelium formation and fermentation should not be used as differentiating characters in family delimitation. Our data on cell wall sugars, ubiquinone side chains, dityrosine, and ribosomal DNA sequences support the inclusion of plant pathogenic, predominantly filamentous genera like Ashbya and Eremothecium or dimorphic genera like Holleya and Nematospora with needle-shaped ascospores within the family Saccharomycetaceae. After comparison of sequences from the complete genes of the 18S rDNA the genus Kluyveromyces appears heterogeneous. The type species of the genus, K. polysporus is congeneric with the genus Saccharomyces. The data of Cai et al. (1996; Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46, 542-549) and our own data suggest to conserve the genus Kluyveromyces for a clade containing K. marxianius, K. dobzhanskii, K. wickerhamii and K. aestuarii, which again can be included in the family Saccharomycetaceae. The phylogenetic age of the Metschnikowiaceae and Saccharomycetaceae will be discussed in the light of coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Prillinger
- Universität f. Bodenkultur, Inst. f. Angew. Mikrobiologie, Wien, Austria
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16
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Meyer W, Latouche GN, Daniel HM, Thanos M, Mitchell TG, Yarrow D, Schönian G, Sorrell TC. Identification of pathogenic yeasts of the imperfect genus Candida by polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting. Electrophoresis 1997; 18:1548-59. [PMID: 9378120 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150180911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in the number of immunocompromised hosts, the number of fungal pathogens has increased markedly. Identification and classification, especially of yeast species and strains, is often difficult when based solely on phenotypic characteristics. Since it became clear that different fungal pathogens require specific treatment strategies, there is a need for simple, rapid and reliable methods to identify fungal isolates. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprinting was successfully applied here to identify yeast isolates. Microsatellite [(GTG)5; (GACA)4] and minisatellite [(5'GAGGGTGGCGGTTCT 3'), derived from the core-sequence of the phage M13] specific primers were used as single primers in the PCR to amplify hypervariable interrepeat DNA sequences from over 200 European, American and Australian clinical isolates within the genus Candida. Each species, represented by its type strain, could be identified by a specific multilocus pattern, allowing for the assignment of all the isolates to the appropriate species. Intra-species variation in the multilocus profiles was about 20% compared to inter-species variation, which was up to 80%. Anamorph-teleomorph pairs could be identified by highly homologous PCR fingerprint patterns. PCR fingerprinting was more discriminatory when compared with routinely used biochemical tests (Vitek YBC and API ID 32C). PCR fingerprinting has proven to be a powerful tool for the identification of medically important yeasts. It is rapid, sensitive, reliable, highly reproducible, stable in vitro and in vivo, and applicable to large scale experiments. Potential applications include: yeast taxonomy, epidemiology, environmental surveys, and improvement of the diagnosis of mycotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Meyer
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Australia.
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17
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Kosse D, Seiler H, Amann R, Ludwig W, Scherer S. Identification of Yoghurt-spoiling Yeasts with 18S rRNA-targeted Oligonucleotide Probes. Syst Appl Microbiol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(97)80016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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18
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Abstract
The CYC1 gene encoding cytochrome c in the yeast Candida albicans was cloned by complementation of a cytochrome c-deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and its DNA sequence was determined. The analysis of the amino acid sequences of cytochrome c from 14 fungal species and two isoforms from S. cerevisiae revealed sequences unique to fungi, and revealed a phylogenetic relationship with a pronounced divergence between Schizosaccharomyces pombe and other ascomycetous budding yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Janbon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical School, New York 14642, USA
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19
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Abstract
Gene duplication is an important source of evolutionary novelty. Most duplications are of just a single gene, but Ohno proposed that whole-genome duplication (polyploidy) is an important evolutionary mechanism. Many duplicate genes have been found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and these often seem to be phenotypically redundant. Here we show that the arrangement of duplicated genes in the S. cerevisiae genome is consistent with Ohno's hypothesis. We propose a model in which this species is a degenerate tetraploid resulting from a whole-genome duplication that occurred after the divergence of Saccharomyces from Kluyveromyces. Only a small fraction of the genes were subsequently retained in duplicate (most were deleted), and gene order was rearranged by many reciprocal translocations between chromosomes. Protein pairs derived from this duplication event make up 13% of all yeast proteins, and include pairs of transcription factors, protein kinases, myosins, cyclins and pheromones. Tetraploidy may have facilitated the evolution of anaerobic fermentation in Saccharomyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Wolfe
- Department of Genetics, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ireland.
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20
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Wery J, Dalderup MJ, Ter Linde J, Boekhout T, Van Ooyen AJ. Structural and phylogenetic analysis of the actin gene from the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma. Yeast 1996; 12:641-51. [PMID: 8810038 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0061(19960615)12:7%3c641::aid-yea952%3e3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene coding for actin from Phaffia rhodozyma was cloned and sequenced. The Phaffia actin gene contains four intervening sequences and the predicted protein consists of 375 amino acids. The structural features of the Phaffia actin introns were studied and compared with actin introns from seven fungi and yeasts with ascomycetous and basidiomycetous affinity. It was shown that the architecture of the Phaffia introns most resembles that of the basidiomycete Filobasidiella neoformans (perfect stage of Cryptococcus neoformans), whereas least resemblance occurs with the ascomycetous yeasts. Based on the intron structure, the ascomycetous yeasts can be accommodated in one group in that their splice site sequences are very similar and show less homology with the other fungi investigated, including Phaffia. It was demonstrated that the Phaffia actin introns cannot be spliced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which shows that the differences found in intron structure are significant. Alignment of the Phaffia actin gene with the actin sequences from the yeasts and fungi investigated showed a high level of homology both on the DNA level and on the protein level. Based on these alignments Phaffia showed highest homology with F. neoformans and both organisms were accommodated in the same cluster. In addition, the actin gene comparisons also supported the distant relationship of Phaffia with the ascomycetous yeasts. These results supported the usefulness of actin sequences for phylogenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wery
- Department of Food Science, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands
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21
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Kurtzman CP, Robnett CJ. Molecular relationships among hyphal ascomycetous yeasts and yeastlike taxa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1139/b95-328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The circumscription of mycelial genera among the ascomycetous yeasts has been controversial because of widely different interpretations of the taxonomic significance of their phenotypic characters. Relationships among species assigned to mycelial genera were determined from extent of divergence in a ca. 600-nucleotide region near the 5′ end of the large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA gene. Phylogenetic analyses showed that Stephanoascus is distinct from Zygoascus and that Blastobotrys, Sympodiomyces, and Arxula represent anamorphs of the Stephanoascus clade. The analyses demonstrated the following teleomorphic taxa to be congeneric: Ambrosiozyma/Hormoascus, Saccharomycopsis/Guilliermondella/Botryoascus/Arthroascus, Dipodascus/Galactomyces, and Eremothecium/Ashbya/Nematospora/Holleya. Species assigned to Dipodascus comprise two separate clades. New taxonomic combinations are proposed that reflect the phylogenetic relationships determined. Key words: mycelial yeasts, ribosomal rRNA/rDNA, molecular systematics.
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22
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Abstract
Present knowledge of different types of RNAs as phylogenetic markers among the fungi is discussed, and examples of phylogenetically informative 18S rRNA signature sequences are given. Such signatures give phylogenetic information that is not provided by parsimony or distance analyses of longer gene sequences. A single signature cannot be used as a decisive criterion for defining taxa, but signature sequences give invaluable hints on phylogenetic relationships and can be included in data matrices as morphological criteria when using parsimony analysis. Key words: DNA, ascomycete phylogeny, signature sequences.
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23
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Ohkuma M, Kobayashi K, Kawai S, Hwang CW, Ohta A, Takagi M. Identification of a centromeric activity in the autonomously replicating TRA region allows improvement of the host-vector system for Candida maltosa. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1995; 249:447-55. [PMID: 8552050 DOI: 10.1007/bf00287107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A centromeric activity was identified in the previously isolated 3.8 kb DNA fragment that carries an autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) from the yeast Candida maltosa. Plasmids bearing duplicated copies of the centromeric DNA (dicentric plasmids) were physically unstable and structural rearrangements of the dicentric plasmids occurred frequently in the transformed cells. The centromeric DNA activity was dissociated from the ARS, which is 0.2 kb in size, and was delimited to a fragment at least 325 bp in length. The centromeric DNA region included the consensus sequences of CDEI (centromeric DNA element I) and an AT-rich CDEII-like region of Saccharomyces cerevisiae but had no homology to the functionally critical CDEIII consensus. A plasmid bearing the whole 3.8 kb fragment was present in 1-2 copies per cell and was maintained stably even under non-selective culture conditions, while a plasmid having only the 0.2 kb ARS was unstable and accumulated to high copy numbers. The high-copy-number plasmid allowed us to overexpress a gene to a high level, which had never been attained before, under the control of both constitutive and inducible promoters in C. maltosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ohkuma
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Naehring J, Kiefer S, Wolf K. Nucleotide sequence of the Schizosaccharomyces japonicus var. versatilis ribosomal RNA gene cluster and its phylogenetic implications. Curr Genet 1995; 28:353-9. [PMID: 8590481 DOI: 10.1007/bf00326433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fission yeasts form a small but heterogeneous group of ascomycetes and it is still unclear whether they should be subdivided into three genera (Schizosaccharomyces, Octosporomyces, Hasegawaea) or remain a single genus (Schizosaccharomyces). In order to decide whether a new genus Hasegawaea should be established for the species Schizosaccharomyces japonicus and Schizosaccharomyces versatilis, we have characterized the entire rDNA cluster in Schizosaccharomyces japonicus var. versatilis and compared it with the homologous region from Schizosaccharomyces pombe and with complete rRNA gene sequences from other yeast genera. From a phage genomic library a recombinant lambda phage containing the entire rDNA repeat unit was isolated. In this paper we report the primary sequence of the 18s, 5.8s and 25s rRNA coding regions. The S. japonicus var. versatilis rRNA genes are 1823 (18s), 158 (5.8s) and 3422 (25s) nucleotides long. The two sequences of the larger rRNA genes exhibit 95.7% (18s) and 93% (25s) similarity with the homologous genes from S. pombe. The differences between the rRNA genes of S. japonicus and S. pombe, however, are much smaller than the intrageneric differences within the rDNA sequences of other yeast genera. Therefore, subdivision of fission yeasts into the genera Schizosaccharomyces and Hasegawaea does not to seem to be justified.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- Conserved Sequence
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Genes, Fungal/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family
- Phylogeny
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Fungal/chemistry
- RNA, Fungal/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal/biosynthesis
- RNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/genetics
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
- Schizosaccharomyces/chemistry
- Schizosaccharomyces/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- J Naehring
- Institut für Biologie IV (Mikrobiologie), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Germany
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25
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Sipiczki M. Phylogenesis of fission yeasts. Contradictions surrounding the origin of a century old genus. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1995; 68:119-49. [PMID: 8546451 DOI: 10.1007/bf00873099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The phylogenesis of fungi is controversial due to their simple morphology and poor fossilization. Traditional classification supported by morphological studies and physiological traits placed the fission yeasts in one group with ascomycetous yeasts. The rRNA sequence comparisons, however, revealed an enormous evolutionary gap between Saccharomyces and Schizosaccharomyces. As shown in this review, the protein sequences also show a large gap which is almost as large as that separating Schizosaccharomyces from higher animals. Since the two yeasts share features (both cytological and molecular) in common which are also characteristic of ascomycetous fungi, their separation must have taken place later than the sequence differences may suggest. Possible reasons for the paradox are discussed. The sequence data also suggest a slower evolutionary rate in the Schizosaccharomyces lineage than in the Saccharomyces branch. In the fission yeast lineage two ramifications can be supposed. First S. japonicus (Hasegawaea japonica) branched off, then S. octosporus (Octosporomyces octosporus) separated from S. pombe.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sipiczki
- Department of Genetics, University of Debrecen, Hungary
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26
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Zonneveld BJ, van der Zanden AL. The red ade mutants of Kluyveromyces lactis and their classification by complementation with cloned ADE1 or ADE2 genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 1995; 11:823-7. [PMID: 7483846 DOI: 10.1002/yea.320110904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Seventy-six red adenine mutants of Kluyveromyces lactis were isolated. By complementation they could be assigned to two groups with 31 and 45 mutants. Transformation of several strains from each group with plasmids containing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADE1 or ADE2 gene showed that the largest group was ade2 and the other group was ade1. Several previously isolated 'ade1' mutants were classified to either group and given new gene and allele numbers. ADE1 was localized at chromosome III, closely linked to the mating type gene, making it a convenient marker for mating type. ADE2 was localized at chromosome V.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Zonneveld
- Leiden University, Clusius Laboratory, The Netherlands
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27
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Kurtzman CP. Relationships among the genera Ashbya, Eremothecium, Holleya and Nematospora determined from rDNA sequence divergence. JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY 1995; 14:523-30. [PMID: 7662294 DOI: 10.1007/bf01573968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Species of the genera Ashbya, Eremothecium, Holleya, and Nematospora were compared from extent of divergence in a 580-nucleotide region near the 5' end of the large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA gene. The four genera are closely related and comprise a subclade of the hemiascomycetes. Because the taxa show little divergence, it is proposed that all be placed in the genus Eremothecium. The family Eremotheciaceae, fam. nov., is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Kurtzman
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA
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28
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Molnar O, Messner R, Prillinger H, Stahl U, Slavikova E. Genotypic Identification of Saccharomyces Species using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis. Syst Appl Microbiol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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29
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Suh SO, Sugiyama J. Phylogenetic placement of the basidiomycetous yeasts Kondoa malvinella and Rhodosporidium dacryoidum, and the anamorphic yeast Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili by means of 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis. MYCOSCIENCE 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02268507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Abstract
The term 'yeast' is often taken as a synonym for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but the phylogenetic diversity of yeasts is illustrated by their assignment to two taxonomic classes of fungi, the ascomycetes and the basidiomycetes. Subdivision of taxa within their respective classes is usually made from comparisons of morphological and physiological features whose genetic basis is often unknown. Application of molecular comparisons to questions in yeast classification offers an unprecedented opportunity to re-evaluate current taxonomic schemes from the perspective of quantitative genetic differences. This review examines the impact of molecular comparisons, notably rRNA/rDNA sequence divergence, on the current phenotypically defined classification of yeasts. Principal findings include: 1) budding ascomycetous yeasts are monophyletic and represent a sister group to the filamentous ascomycetes, 2) fission yeasts are ancestral to budding and filamentous ascomycetes, 3) the molecular phylogeny of basidiomycetous yeasts is generally congruent with type of hyphal septum, presence or absence of teliospores in the sexual state, and occurrence of cellular xylose.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Kurtzman
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA
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31
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Nishida H, Sugiyama J. Archiascomycetes: detection of a major new lineage within the Ascomycota. MYCOSCIENCE 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02268506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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James SA, Collins MD, Roberts IN. The genetic relationship of Lodderomyces elongisporus to other ascomycete yeast species as revealed by small-subunit rRNA gene sequences. Lett Appl Microbiol 1994; 19:308-11. [PMID: 7765443 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.1994.tb00462.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The 18S rRNA gene sequence of the ascomycete yeast Lodderomyces elongisporus was determined by PCR-direct sequencing. The phylogenetic inter-relationship of Lodderomyces elongisporus and other ascomycete yeast species was examined by comparative sequence analysis. Lodderomyces elongisporus was found to be most closely related to Candida parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and C. albicans, exhibiting sequence similarity values of greater than 97.5%. The relationship between L. elongisporus and Candida parapsilosis in particular is discussed with regard to the possibility that L. elongisporus is the teleomorph (sexual form) of C. parapsilosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A James
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Laboratory, UK
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33
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Heus JJ, Zonneveld BJ, Steensma HY, Van den Berg JA. Mutational analysis of centromeric DNA elements of Kluyveromyces lactis and their role in determining the species specificity of the highly homologous centromeres from K. lactis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1994; 243:325-33. [PMID: 8190085 DOI: 10.1007/bf00301068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The centromere of Kluyveromyces lactis was delimited to a region of approximately 280 bp, encompassing KlCDEI, II, and III. Removal of 6 bp from the right side of KlCDEIII plus flanking sequences abolished centromere function, and removal of 5 bp of KlCDEI and flanking sequences resulted in strongly reduced centromere function. Deletions of 20-80 bp from KlCDEII resulted in a decrease in plasmid stability, indicating that KlCDEII must have a certain length for proper centromere function. Centromeres of K. lactis do not function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and vice versa. Adapting the length of KlCDEII to that of ScCDEII did not improve KlCEN function in S. cerevisiae, while doubling the ScCDEII length did not improve ScCEN function in K. lactis. Thus the difference in CDEII length is not in itself responsible for the species specificity of the centromeres from each of the two species of budding yeast. A chimeric K. lactis centromere with ScCDEIII instead of KlCDEIII was no longer functional in K. lactis, but did improve plasmid stability in S. cerevisiae, although to a much lower level than a wild-type ScCEN. This indicates that the exact CDEIII sequence is important, and suggests that the flanking AT-rich CDEII has to conform to specific sequence requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Heus
- Clusius Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Leiden University, The Netherlands
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34
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Wilmotte A, Van De Peer Y, Goris A, Chapelle S, De Baere R, Nelissen B, Neefs JM, Hennebert GL, De Wachter R. Evolutionary Relationships Among Higher Fungi Inferred from Small Ribosomal Subunit RNA Sequence Analysis. Syst Appl Microbiol 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Morales VM, Pelcher LE, Taylor JL. Comparison of the 5.8s rDNA and internal transcribed spacer sequences of isolates of Leptosphaeria maculans from different pathogenicity groups. Curr Genet 1993; 23:490-5. [PMID: 8319307 DOI: 10.1007/bf00312640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The regions coding for the 5.8s rRNA and the flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) from nine isolates of the blackleg pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans and one isolate of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Five of the L. maculans isolates were highly virulent to Brassica plants, two were weakly virulent and two were isolated from the cruciferous weed Thlaspi arvense. The 5.8s DNA sequences of all L. maculans isolates were identical. However, there were major differences in both ITS1 and ITS2 sequences that correlated with the pathogenicity grouping. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS sequences by both parsimony and maximum-likelihood methods indicated that each pathogenicity group was statistically different from each other with the weakly-virulent isolates being more closely related to the Thlaspi than to the highly-virulent isolates. The relationships of L. maculans to other fungi, based on a comparison of the 5.8s rDNA sequences, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Morales
- Plant Biotechnology Institute, Saskatoon, Sask. Canada
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36
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Kurtzman CP. Systematics of the ascomycetous yeasts assessed from ribosomal RNA sequence divergence. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1993; 63:165-74. [PMID: 8259833 DOI: 10.1007/bf00872391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Extent of divergence in partial nucleotide sequences from large and small subunit ribosomal RNAs was used to estimate genetic relationships among ascomycetous yeasts and yeastlike fungi. The comparisons showed four phylogenetically distinct groups comprised of the following taxa: Group 1. The budding yeasts Saccharomyces, Saccharomycopsis, Debaryomyces, Metschnikowia, Saturnospora, and Lipomyces, and the yeastlike genera Ascoidea, Cephaloascus, Dipodascus, Dipodascopsis, and Galactomyces; Group 2. Eremascus, Emericella and Ceratocystis; Group 3. Taphrina and Protomyces; Group 4. Schizosaccharomyces. Because of the genetic relationships indicated by sequence analysis, Group 1 taxa are retained in the order Endomycetales, and Schizosaccharomyces is retained in the Schizosaccharomycetales Prillinger et al. ex Kurtzman.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Kurtzman
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604
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37
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Lieckfeldt E, Meyer W, Börner T. Rapid identification and differentiation of yeasts by DNA and PCR fingerprinting. J Basic Microbiol 1993; 33:413-25. [PMID: 8271158 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3620330609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We have used the techniques of DNA fingerprinting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with probes specific for hypervariable repetitive DNA sequences (mini- and microsatellite DNAs) to analyze 36 yeast strains belonging to 10 species and 2 genera. Using (GTG)5, (GACA)4, phage M13 DNA and the M13 sequence GAGGGTGGCGGTTCT as probes and primers, respectively, we obtained DNA polymorphisms which allowed us to discriminate 23 biotechnologically important strains of the yeast Saccaromyces cerevisiae and to distinguish them from strains of S. pastorianus, S. bayanus and S. willianus. Our results demonstrate that both DNA and PCR fingerprinting are suitable tools for an easy, fast and reliable molecular typing of yeasts. The DNA fingerprinting method seems to be more sensitive than PCR fingerprinting with respect to the individualization of strains. Nevertheless, using the PCR fingerprinting technique we were able to unambigously discriminate between genotypes of different species. Therefore, PCR fingerprinting might become a useful tool in the classification of yeasts on the basis of phylogenetic relatedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lieckfeldt
- Institut für Genetik, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Germany
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38
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Heus JJ, Zonneveld BJ, de Steensma HY, van den Berg JA. The consensus sequence of Kluyveromyces lactis centromeres shows homology to functional centromeric DNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1993; 236:355-62. [PMID: 8437580 DOI: 10.1007/bf00277133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequences of five of the six centromeres of the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis were determined. Mutual comparison of these sequences led to the following consensus: a short highly conserved box (5'-ATCACGTGA-3') flanked by an AT-rich (+/- 90%) stretch of +/- 160 bp followed by another conserved box (5'-TNNTTTATGTTTCCGAAAATTAATAT-3'). These three elements were named KlCDEI, KlCDEII, and KlCDEIII respectively, by analogy with the situation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, a second 100 bp AT-rich (+/- 90%) element, named KlCDE0, was found +/- 150 bp upstream of KlCDEI. The sequences of both KlCDEI and KlCDEIII are highly conserved between K. lactis and S. cerevisiae; however, centromeres of K. lactis do not function in S. cerevisiae and vice versa. The most obvious differences between the centromeres of the two yeast species are the length of the AT-rich CDEII, which is 161-164 bp in K. lactis versus 78-86 bp in S. cerevisiae and the presence in K. lactis of KlCDE0, which is not found in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Heus
- Leiden University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The Netherlands
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39
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Evolution of Basidiomycetous Yeasts as Deduced from Small Ribosomal Subunit RNA Sequences. Syst Appl Microbiol 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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