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Jahanshahi A, Nami S, Hosein Pour Feizi AA, Alihosseini S, Jaberinezhad M, Abdollahi M, Rahimi F, Falahatian M. Muscular and hepatosplenic candidiasis in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia: A case report and literature review. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7700. [PMID: 37476594 PMCID: PMC10354359 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Muscular and subcutaneous candidiasis is a rare entity in immunocompromised patients, but it should be kept in mind when we see multiple cystic soft tissue masses in addition to target-shaped hepatosplenic lesions in neutropenic patients. US and MRI are useful imaging modalities for the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients. Abstract Soft tissue candidiasis is an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients and must always be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible. In this case report, the patient is a 14-year-old boy with acute myeloid leukemia M3-type who presented with numerous soft tissue and hepatosplenic candidal abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Jahanshahi
- Medical Radiation Sciences Research GroupTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of RadiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Sanam Nami
- Department of Parasitology and MycologySchool of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | | | - Samin Alihosseini
- Medical Radiation Sciences Research GroupTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of RadiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | | | - Mirsaeed Abdollahi
- Cardiovascular Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Faezeh Rahimi
- Department of RadiologyZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
| | - Masih Falahatian
- Medical Radiation Sciences Research GroupTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of RadiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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de Assis DN, Araújo RS, Fuscaldi LL, Fernandes SOA, Mosqueira VCF, Cardoso VN. Biodistribution of free and encapsulated 99mTc-fluconazole in an infection model induced by Candida albicans. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:438-444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Kromrey ML, Göhler A, Friedrich N, Kindermann K, Hadlich S, Puls D, Steinmetz I, Kühn JP. Monitoring of abdominal Staphylococcus aureus infection using magnetic resonance imaging: a murine animal model for hepatic and renal abscesses. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 36:373-378. [PMID: 27778120 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To establish a routine workflow for in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of mice infected with bacterial biosafety level 2 pathogens and to generate a mouse model for systemic infection with Staphylococcus aureus suitable for monitoring by MRI. A self-contained acrylic glass animal bed complying with biosafety level 2 requirements was constructed. After intravenous infection with 105 colony-forming units (CFU) (n = 3), 106 CFU (n = 11) or 107 CFU (n = 6) of S. aureus strain Newman, female Balb/c mice were whole-body scanned by 7T MRI. Abdominal infections such as abscesses were visualized using a standard T2-weighted scan. Infection monitoring was performed for each animal by measurements at 1, 3, and 7 days after infection. Intravenous pathogen application led to a dose-dependent decrease in survival probability (p = 0.03). In the group with the highest infectious dose the 7-day survival rate was 33 %. An intermediate S. aureus dose showed a survival rate of 80 %, whereas at the lowest infection dose, none of the animals died. All animals with the highest infection dose exhibited hepatic abscesses 4 days after inoculation, 80 % developed renal abscesses on the 3rd day. Mice obtaining the intermediate S. aureus load reached a plateau at day 4 with 72 % liver and 60 % renal abscess probability. No abscesses were observed in other abdominal organs at any time point. The implemented experimental setup provides a suitable and reliable in vivo MRI method to study murine abdominal infection models using BSL-2 pathogen. Systemic Staphylococcus aureus infection leads to a dose-dependent development of hepatic and renal abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Kromrey
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - A Göhler
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - N Friedrich
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - K Kindermann
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Hadlich
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - D Puls
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - I Steinmetz
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J P Kühn
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Vohra RS, Mathur S, Bryant ND, Forbes SC, Vandenborne K, Walter GA. Age-related T2 changes in hindlimb muscles of mdx mice. Muscle Nerve 2015; 53:84-90. [PMID: 25846867 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to monitor changes in the transverse relaxation time constant (T2) in lower hindlimb muscles of mdx mice at different ages. METHODS Young (5 weeks), adult (44 weeks), and old mdx (96 weeks), and age-matched control mice were studied. Young mdx mice were imaged longitudinally, whereas adult and old mdx mice were imaged at a single time-point. RESULTS Mean muscle T2 and percent of pixels with elevated T2 were significantly different between mdx and control mice at all ages. In young mdx mice, mean muscle T2 peaked at 7-8 weeks and declined at 9-11 weeks. In old mdx mice, mean muscle T2 was decreased compared with young and adult mice, which could be attributed to fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS MRI captured longitudinal changes in skeletal muscle integrity of mdx mice. This information will be valuable for pre-clinical testing of potential therapeutic interventions for muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravneet S Vohra
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sunita Mathur
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan D Bryant
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Box 100274, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0274, USA
| | - Sean C Forbes
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Krista Vandenborne
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Glenn A Walter
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Box 100274, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0274, USA
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Peker E, Zor F, Toprak ME, Bariş E. Facial Candidal Abscess in a Patient with Unknown Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2014; 14:995-8. [PMID: 26604475 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-014-0680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Facial candidal abscess is an infection with a fungal cause which was presented in this case such a rarity. We report a rare case of facial abscess due to Candida species in a patient with unknown diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The patient presented with a longstanding firm swelling which occurred 2 weeks ago and did not show any improvement of healing process in spite of surgical and medical treatments. MRI examinations were conclusive and compatible with abscess, so she underwent surgical intervention. Facial candidal abscess was the final diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that, in persistent abscesses, invasive candidiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bacterial infections as it generally affects individuals with diabetes or general defects in the immune system, or those who use widespread antibiotics and steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Peker
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Zor
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Toprak
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Bariş
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Hoerr V, Faber C. Magnetic resonance imaging characterization of microbial infections. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 93:136-46. [PMID: 24257444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of microbial infections relies to a large part on animal models of infection, if host pathogen interactions or the host response are considered. Especially for the assessment of novel therapeutic agents, animal models are required. Non-invasive imaging methods to study such models have gained increasing importance over the recent years. In particular, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) affords a variety of diagnostic options, and can be used for longitudinal studies. In this review, we introduce the most important MRI modalities that show how MRI has been used for the investigation of animal models of infection previously and how it may be applied in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Hoerr
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
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Hertlein T, Sturm V, Kircher S, Basse-Lüsebrink T, Haddad D, Ohlsen K, Jakob P. Visualization of abscess formation in a murine thigh infection model of Staphylococcus aureus by 19F-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PLoS One 2011; 6:e18246. [PMID: 21455319 PMCID: PMC3063824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last years, (19)F-MRI and perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion (PFC) emerged as a powerful contrast agent based MRI methodology to track cells and to visualize inflammation. We applied this new modality to visualize deep tissue abscesses during acute and chronic phase of inflammation caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, a murine thigh infection model was used to induce abscess formation and PFC or CLIO (cross linked ironoxides) was administered during acute or chronic phase of inflammation. 24 h after inoculation, the contrast agent accumulation was imaged at the site of infection by MRI. Measurements revealed a strong accumulation of PFC at the abscess rim at acute and chronic phase of infection. The pattern was similar to CLIO accumulation at chronic phase and formed a hollow sphere around the edema area. Histology revealed strong influx of neutrophils at the site of infection and to a smaller extend macrophages during acute phase and strong influx of macrophages at chronic phase of inflammation. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE We introduce (19)F-MRI in combination with PFC nanoemulsions as a new platform to visualize abscess formation in a murine thigh infection model of S. aureus. The possibility to track immune cells in vivo by this modality offers new opportunities to investigate host immune response, the efficacy of antibacterial therapies and the influence of virulence factors for pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hertlein
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Volker Sturm
- Department of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kircher
- Institute of Pathology, Uniklinik Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Knut Ohlsen
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (PJ); (KO)
| | - Peter Jakob
- Department of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (PJ); (KO)
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Wang Z, Storb R, Lee D, Kushmerick MJ, Chu B, Berger C, Arnett A, Allen J, Chamberlain JS, Riddell SR, Tapscott SJ. Immune responses to AAV in canine muscle monitored by cellular assays and noninvasive imaging. Mol Ther 2009; 18:617-24. [PMID: 20040912 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2009.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that direct intramuscular injection of rAAV2 or rAAV6 in wild-type dogs resulted in robust T-cell responses to viral capsid proteins, and others have shown that cellular immunity to adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid proteins coincided with liver toxicity and elimination of transgene expression in a human trial of hemophilia B. Here, we show that the heparin-binding ability of a given AAV serotype does not determine the induction of T-cell responses following intramuscular injection in dogs, and identify multiple epitopes in the AAV capsid protein that are recognized by T cells elicited by AAV injection. We also demonstrate that noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can accurately detect local inflammatory responses following intramuscular rAAV injection in dogs. These studies suggest that pseudotyping rAAV vectors to remove heparin-binding activity will not be sufficient to abrogate immunogenicity, and validate the utility of enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assay and MRI for monitoring immune and inflammatory responses following intramuscular injection of rAAV vectors in preclinical studies in dogs. These assays should be incorporated into future human clinical trials of AAV gene therapy to monitor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejing Wang
- Program in Transplantation Biology, Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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Tsai SH, Peng YJ, Wang NC. Pyomyositis with hepatic and perinephric abscesses caused by Candida albicans in a diabetic nephropathy patient. Am J Med Sci 2006; 331:292-4. [PMID: 16702803 DOI: 10.1097/00000441-200605000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Both disseminated candidiasis and pyomyositis are rare and mainly encountered in severely immunocompromised hosts. To our knowledge, Candida albicans related pyomyositis with formation of multiple visceral abscesses in a diabetic nephropathy patient has never previously been reported. A 47-year-old man with diabetic nephropathy and alcoholic liver disease developed disseminated candidiasis, with the initial presentation of pyomyositis. Debridement was performed and intravenous fluconazole commenced. Despite development of a single hepatic and multiple perinephric abscesses, the patient made a full recovery after completion of a 12-week course of intravenous fluconazole therapy. Candida species should be considered a potential pathogen in patients with predisposing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hung Tsai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Walter G, Cordier L, Bloy D, Sweeney HL. Noninvasive monitoring of gene correction in dystrophic muscle. Magn Reson Med 2006; 54:1369-76. [PMID: 16261578 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.20721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Gene and stem cell transfer have shown tremendous potential in rescuing dystrophic muscle in animal models. However, monitoring of gene transfer efficacy in clinical settings currently requires invasive muscle biopsies. We determined whether (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and imaging (MRI) could be used to noninvasively monitor gene correction in dystrophic skeletal muscle. MRI/MRS measurements were performed in murine models of Limb Girdle (gammasg(-/-)) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (mdx). Viral delivery of gammasg into gammasg(-/-) muscles was achieved using both an adenovirus and an adenoassociated virus. T(2)-weighted MRIs consistently revealed hyperintense regions in muscles of dystrophic mice, which agreed well with histologically determined damaged muscle fibers. (1)H-MRS revealed that the increase in T(2) in dystrophic muscle is not due to fatty tissue infiltration. Reintroduction of the gammasg gene in gammasg(-/-) muscles restored normal muscle histology, membrane stability, and T(2) contrast. Expression of gammasg also significantly decreased the number of pixels with increased T(2) values and MRI contrast agent uptake. Our data demonstrate that therapeutic correction of dystrophic lesions can be noninvasively monitored using endogenous MR contrast. This may be particularly relevant for future interventions in children with muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Walter
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.
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Tournebize R, Doan BT, Dillies MA, Maurin S, Beloeil JC, Sansonetti PJ. Magnetic resonance imaging of Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pneumonia in mice. Cell Microbiol 2006; 8:33-43. [PMID: 16367864 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2005.00597.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In vivo imaging of small animals is a rapidly developing field. However, the potential of global imaging of infectious processes in animal models remains poorly explored. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to follow the development and regression of inflammatory lesions caused by infection by Klebsiella pneumoniae in mouse lungs. A virulent strain caused an intense inflammation within 2 days in the whole lungs, while an avirulent strain did not show significant changes. Mice infected with the virulent strain and subsequently treated with antibiotics presented a severe inflammation localized mainly in the left lung that disappeared after a week. The lesions observed by MRI correlated with the damage seen by histological analysis and a 3D representation of the tissue allowed better visualization of the development and healing of inflammatory lesions. MRI thus represents a powerful technique to study in vivo the interactions between a pathogen and its host in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Tournebize
- Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire - INSERM 389, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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Frimel TN, Walter GA, Gibbs JD, Gaidosh GS, Vandenborne K. Noninvasive monitoring of muscle damage during reloading following limb disuse. Muscle Nerve 2005; 32:605-12. [PMID: 16003743 DOI: 10.1002/mus.20398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cast immobilization causes skeletal muscle disuse atrophy and an increased susceptibility to muscle damage. The objective of this study was to explore the utility of noninvasive magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to monitor muscle damage in the lower hindlimb muscles of the mouse during reloading following cast immobilization and to compare the findings in different muscles. The hindlimbs of C57BL6 mice were immobilized for 2 weeks in plantarflexion using a bilateral casting model. Following immobilization the mice were allowed to reambulate and muscle damage was monitored at different times. Cage-restricted reloading following cast immobilization induced a significant shift (P < 0.0001) in the transverse (T2) relaxation characteristics of the postural slow-twitch soleus muscle, but not in the neighboring gastrocnemius. Soleus T2 values peaked at 2 days of reloading. Muscle-specific changes in MR T2 relaxation properties correlated with uptake of Evans blue dye, a histological marker of muscle damage. This study demonstrates that T2 MR imaging can be implemented to monitor noninvasively and sequentially muscle-specific damage during reloading following limb disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany N Frimel
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Ruiz-Cabello J, Regadera J, Santisteban C, Graña M, Pérez de Alejo R, Echave I, Avilés P, Rodriguez I, Santos I, Gargallo D, Cortijo M. Monitoring acute inflammatory processes in mouse muscle by MR imaging and spectroscopy: a comparison with pathological results. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2002; 15:204-214. [PMID: 11968136 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have studied an animal model of acute local inflammation in muscle induced by Aspergillus fumigatus by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). We have compared our data to those found using histopathology and segmentation maps obtained by the mathematical processing of three-dimensional T2-weighted MRI data via a neural network. The MRI patterns agreed satisfactorily with the clinical and biological evidence of the phases of acute local infection and its evolution towards chronicity. The MRS results show a statistically significant increase in inorganic phosphate and a significant decrease in phosphocreatine levels in the inflamed region. Image segmentation made with a self-organizing, neural-network map yielded a set of ordered representatives that remained constant for all animals during the inflammatory process, allowing a non-invasive, three-dimensional identification and quantification of the inflamed infected regions by MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- Unidad de RMN and Departamento de Química-Física II, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Paseo Juan XXIII, 1, 28040, Spain.
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