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Sen S, Ganta B, Rachel VN, Gogikar SK, Singh V, Sonti R, Dikundwar AG. Mapping Advantages and Challenges in Analytical Development for Fixed Dose Combination Products, a Review. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:2028-2043. [PMID: 38697403 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Formulations containing more than one active ingredient are increasingly gaining popularity due to advantages with regard to patient convenience as well as reduced cost of production, packaging, and transportation. Such fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) demand for enhanced analytical methodologies and tools to efficiently achieve quality control of these complex products as compared to the conventional products containing only one active constituent. Highly efficient analytical methods can measure multiple constituents at once, improving their quality control. This review article discusses the challenges in the development of such methods due to the similarities or differences in the chemical identity of the participating drug molecules in an FDC. The latest developments in multiple analyte determination using various analytical techniques (HPLC, LC-MS, NMR, IR, powder XRD and DSC) are discussed, with a focus on special considerations in each case. The article discusses challenges with sample preparation of complex FDC products, and the use of Chemometrics and Quality by Design to develop efficient analytical methods. Lastly, an equation-based approach is proposed and demonstrated to arrive at a parameter referred to as "percentage efficiency gain" that would be useful in directly accessing the relevance and commercial benefits of a simultaneous method vis-a-vis separate methods for individual components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibu Sen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Brundharika Ganta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - V Nina Rachel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Shiva Kumar Gogikar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Vartika Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Amol G Dikundwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India.
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Liu YJ, Bian Y, Zhang Y, Zhang YX, Ren A, Lin SH, Feng XS, Zhang XY. Diuretics in Different Samples: Update on the Pretreatment and Analysis Techniques. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-33. [PMID: 37130012 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2202260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diuretics are drugs that promote the excretion of water and electrolytes in the body and produce diuretic effects. Clinically, they are often used in the treatment of edema caused by various reasons and hypertension. In sports, diuretics are banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Therefore, in order to monitor blood drug concentration, identify drug quality and maintain the fairness of sports competition, accurate, rapid, highly selective and sensitive detection methods are essential. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the pretreatment and detection of diuretics in various samples since 2015. Commonly used techniques to extract diuretics include liquid-liquid extraction, liquid-phase microextraction, solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, among others. Determination methods include methods based on liquid chromatography, fluorescent spectroscopy, electrochemical sensor method, capillary electrophoresis and so on. The advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatment and analytical techniques are elaborated. In addition, future development prospects of these techniques are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Bian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ai Ren
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu-Han Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Alam MA, Abou Obaid NI, Ibrahim MA, Raish M, Al-Jenoobi FI. A Validated Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometric Method for Fast Determination of Losartan in Rabbit Plasma. J Chromatogr Sci 2019; 57:323-330. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuha Ibrahim Abou Obaid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abbas Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Ibrahim Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Green-modified micellar liquid chromatography for isocratic isolation of some cardiovascular drugs with different polarities through experimental design approach. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1010:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Voltammetric Determination of Anti-Hypertensive Drug Hydrochlorothiazide Using Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with L-Glutamic Acid. CHEMOSENSORS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors5030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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6
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Heli H, Pishahang J, Amiri HB, Sattarahmady N. Synthesis of nickel nanowrinkles and its application for the electrocatalytic oxidation and sensitive detection of hydrochlorothiazide. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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7
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Ghaderi F, Nemati M, Siahi-Shadbad MR, Valizadeh H, Monajjemzadeh F. Kinetics study of hydrochlorothiazide lactose liquid state interaction using conventional isothermal arrhenius method under basic and neutral conditions. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502016000400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Faranak Ghaderi
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mahboob Nemati
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | | | - Farnaz Monajjemzadeh
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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8
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Li L, Lai C, Xuan X, Gao C, Li N. Simultaneous Determination of Hydrochlorothiazide and Losartan Potassium in Osmotic Pump Tablets by Microemulsion Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:1415-20. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ali TA, Mohamed GG, Aglan AA, Heakal FET. RP-HPLC Stability-indicating Method for Estimation of Irbesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(16)60899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Elkarbane M, Amood Al-Kamarany M, Bouchafra H, Azougagh M, Cherrah Y, Hubert P, Heyden Y, Bouklouze A. Total error-based validation including the experimental design-based robustness evaluation of a stability-indicating method for the simultaneous quantification of hydrochlorothiazide and valsartan in tablet formulations. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.27.2015.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Ahmad TJ, Raj A, Radhika RT, Ananda S, Gowda NM, Venkatesha BM. Rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography assay of losartan potassium in bulk and formulations. J Anal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-014-0033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Losartan potassium is a non-peptide AT1 receptor drug used in the treatment of hypertension.
Methods
A simple, rapid, sensitive, and validated isocratic reverse-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-UPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of losartan potassium (LOS) in bulk drug and tablets. The assay was developed using Waters Acquity BEH C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm), 1.7-μm column with a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of phosphate buffer (pH 3.2) and acetonitrile (50:50 v/v).
Results
An assay with a total run time of only 5 min was developed. The method monitored at 245 nm exhibited linearity over a concentration range of 2.0 to 15.0 μg mL−1 LOS. The limits of detection and quantification (signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) = 10) were found be 0.018 and 0.054 μg mL−1, respectively. The intraday and interday RSDs were less than 1.0%. The method was validated by the determination of LOS levels in tablets where the percentage on the label claim was 100 ± 2. The accuracy of the method was further ascertained by recovery studies via the standard addition procedure, which yielded satisfactory results.
Conclusion
A rapid UPLC assay of LOS in bulk drug and tablets was developed and validated.
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Demirkaya-Miloglu F, Yaman ME, Kadioglu Y. Optimization of a spectrofluorimetric method based on a central composite design for the determination of potassium losartan in pharmaceutical products. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502014000300021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, a spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of potassium losartan (PL) in pharmaceutical products is described. The effects of critical parameters, pH, acid molarity, and temperature, on the fluorescence intensity of PL were analyzed, and these parameters were optimized using a central composite design (CCD). The highest fluorescent intensity at excitation (λex) and emission (λem) wavelengths of 248 nm and 410 nm, respectively, was achieved using 0.01 M sulfurous acid (pH 2) at 21.6 °C. Under optimum conditions, the method was linear from 0.025-0.5 µg/mL, with a reasonably high correlation coefficient (0.9993). Furthermore, the method was very sensitive (LOQ, 0.006), accurate (RE, ≤7.06), and precise (%RSD, ≤6.51). After development and validation of the method, samples containing PL were analyzed with this method, and the obtained data were statistically compared with those obtained with a previously published reference method using a two one-sided equivalence test (TOST). According to the data, the results from the proposed and reference assays were equivalent.
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Demirkaya-Miloglu F, Yaman ME, Kadioglu Y. A new spectrofluorimetric method for determination of losartan potassium in rabbit plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. LUMINESCENCE 2014; 30:53-9. [PMID: 24890844 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new spectrofluorimetric method to determine losartan potassium (LP) in rabbit plasma is described. The method was based on measuring the native fluorescence of LP in acidic medium. Optimum excitation and emission wavelengths were found to be 248 nm and 410 nm, respectively, in methanol that was diluted with a sulfurous acid solution LP was extracted from rabbit plasma by methyl-tertiary-butyl-ether in acidic media and then back extracted with NaOH. The calibration curves were linear between 0.025 and 0.5 µg/mL with a lower limit of detection 0.004 µg/mL. Precision and accuracy values of the method were calculated as lower than 4.97% and ± 5.68, respectively and the recovery of LP from rabbit plasma was higher than 91.1%. In addition, stability studies of LP in rabbit plasma were carried out and demonstrated its good stability at - 20 °C and at room temperature. The developed and validated method was successfully applied for estimating the pharmacokinetic parameters of LP following oral administrations of a single 10 mg LP/kg to rabbits and it could be concluded that the method can be applied to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Demirkaya-Miloglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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Gadepalli SG, Deme P, Kuncha M, Sistla R. Simultaneous determination of amlodipine, valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide by LC-ESI-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetics in rats. J Pharm Anal 2013; 4:399-406. [PMID: 29403906 PMCID: PMC5761358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypill is a fixed-dose combination that contains three or more active ingredients used as a single daily pill to achieve a large effect in preventing cardiovascular disease with minimal adverse effects. A novel and accurate liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method using electrospray ionization mode has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of amlodipine (AMD), valsartan (VAL) using losartan (LOS) as an internal standard (IS), and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) using furosemide (FSD) as an IS. The separation was carried on Aquasil C18 (50 mm×2.1 mm, 5 µm) reversed phase column using acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid (50:50, v/v) as the mobile phase. The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision over the concentration range of 1–1000 ng/mL. The intra and inter-day precision and accuracy, stability and extraction recoveries of all the analytes were in the acceptable range. This method can be successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of AMD, VAL and HCT when given as a polypill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Ganesh Gadepalli
- Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500007, India
| | - Pragney Deme
- National Center for Mass Spectrometry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500007, India
| | - Madhusudana Kuncha
- Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500007, India
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500007, India
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Ramadan N, Mohamed H, Mostafa A. Chromatographic methods for the simultaneous determination of metoprolol tartrate and hydrochlorothiazide in the presence of hydrochlorothiazide degradation product. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.26.2013.6.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Muszalska I, Sobczak A, Dołhań A, Jelińska A. Analysis of Sartans: a review. J Pharm Sci 2013; 103:2-28. [PMID: 24227012 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular diseases is closely related to hypertension, high cholesterol levels, and diabetes. When these risk factors appear together they are referred to as a metabolic syndrome. In the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, a combination of antihypertensive, hypolipemiant, and antidiabetic drugs is often applied. Diuretics (chlortalidone, hydrochlorothiazide, etc.) and angiotensin II receptors antagonist (sartans) are used to control hypertension, whereas statins (fluvastatin, simvastatin, etc.) are used to reduce cholesterol levels. This review is concerned with methods for the analysis of sartans in various matrices, such as pharmaceutical formulations, environmental and biological samples, and discusses the current status of stability studies of sartans . It also presents analytical methods for the simultaneous determination of sartans, diuretics, and statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Muszalska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznań, 60-780, Poland
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Rahman N, Siddiqui MR, Azmi SNH. Development and Validation of Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Losartan Potassium in Pure and Commercial Tablets. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200600097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Kollipara S, Bende G, Bansal Y, Saha R. Stability-indicating Reversed-phase Liquid Chromatographic Method for Simultaneous Determination of Losartan Potassium and Ramipril in Tablets. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 74:201-10. [PMID: 23440900 PMCID: PMC3574529 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.106061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A stability-indicating reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of losartan potassium and ramipril. Separations were achieved using a C(18) column with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and (0.2% v/v, pH 2.5) aqueous trifluoroacetic acid (45:55, v/v) in isocratic mode at 1 ml/min flow rate. Column effluent was monitored at 210 nm using a UV detector. The method was validated for selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity and robustness. Novel microwave-assisted forced degradation technique was employed for evaluation of selectivity. The method demonstrated excellent linearity for losartan potassium and ramipril with regression coefficients of 0.9999 and 0.9998, respectively. The linearity range was found to be 62.5-5000 ng/ml and 125-10,000 ng/ml with the mean percentage recoveries of 100.36% (±2.27) and 100.16% (±3.33) for losartan potassium and ramipril, respectively. In a robustness study, a full factorial design revealed that the analytical response remains unaffected by small variations in the critical chromatographic factors. The method was found to be sensitive with quantification limits of 44.30 and 79.93 ng/ml for losartan potassium and ramipril. The method was successfully employed for the determination of losartan potassium and ramipril in commercially available and in-house prepared tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kollipara
- Formulation Development and Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-333 031, India
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Dubey N, Jain A, Raghuwanshi A, Jain D. Stability-indicating HPTLC method for simultaneous estimation of amlodipine besylate, hydrochlorothiazide and olmesartan medoxomil in combined tablet dosage forms. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.25.2012.5.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Rao DD, Krishna GV, Reddy AM, Kalyanaraman L, Kyas K. A SINGLE COMMON STABILITY INDICATING ULTRA-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF IMPURITIES IN FOUR ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.627615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dantu Durga Rao
- a Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. IPDO, Bachupally , Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - Galla Vamsi Krishna
- a Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. IPDO, Bachupally , Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - A. Malleswara Reddy
- a Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. IPDO, Bachupally , Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - L. Kalyanaraman
- a Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. IPDO, Bachupally , Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - K. Kyas
- a Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. IPDO, Bachupally , Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh , India
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Hacioglu F, Onal A. Determination of Eprosartan Mesylate and Hydrochlorothiazide in Tablets by Derivative Spectrophotometric and High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Methods. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 50:688-93. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Santhana Lakshmi K, Lakshmi S. Simultaneous Analysis of Losartan Potassium, Amlodipine Besylate, and Hydrochlorothiazide in Bulk and in Tablets by High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography with UV-Absorption Densitometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:108281. [PMID: 22567550 PMCID: PMC3335319 DOI: 10.1155/2012/108281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A Simple high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for separation and quantitative analysis of losartan potassium, amlodipine, and hydrochlorothiazide in bulk and in pharmaceutical formulations has been established and validated. After extraction with methanol, sample and standard solutions were applied to silica gel plates and developed with chloroform : methanol : acetone : formic acid 7.5 : 1.3 : 0.5 : 0.03 (v/v/v/v) as mobile phase. Zones were scanned densitometrically at 254 nm. The R(f) values of amlodipine besylate, hydrochlorothiazide, and losartan potassium were 0.35, 0.57, and 0.74, respectively. Calibration plots were linear in the ranges 500-3000 ng per spot for losartan potassium, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide, the correlation coefficients, r, were 0.998, 0.998, and 0.999, respectively. The suitability of this method for quantitative determination of these compounds was by validation in accordance with the requirements of pharmaceutical regulatory standards. The method can be used for routine analysis of these drugs in bulk and in formulation.
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Tian DF, Tian XL, Tian T, Wang ZY, Mo FK. Simultaneous Determination of Valsartan and Hydrochlorothiazide in Tablets by RP-HPLC. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 70:372-4. [PMID: 20046750 PMCID: PMC2792532 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.43006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Revised: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 06/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, reproducible and efficient reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for simultaneous determination of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in tablets. A column having 200 x 4.6 mm i.d. in isocratic mode with mobile phase containing methanol:acetonitrile:water:isopropylalcohol (22:18:68:2; adjusted to pH 8.0 using triethylamine; v/v) was used. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and effluent was monitored at 270 nm. The retention time (min) and linearity range (mug/ml) for valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide were (3.42, 8.43) and (5-150, 78-234), respectively. The developed method was found to be accurate, precise and selective for simultaneous determination of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, China
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24
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Selvadurai M, Meyyanathan SN. Sensitive and accurate estimation of losartan potassium formulation by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Pharm Methods 2011; 2:95-8. [PMID: 23781437 PMCID: PMC3658049 DOI: 10.4103/2229-4708.84444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES To develop a simple, sensitive, cost-effective and reproducible UV-spectrophotometric method and validate for the estimation of disodium edetate in topical gel formulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Solution of disodium edetate reacts with ferric chloride to form complex in 0.1 N HCl giving λmax at 270 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range of 5-50 μg/mL (r (2) = 0.9997). RESULTS The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were found to be 1.190 and 3.608 μg/mL, respectively. The results show that the procedure is accurate, precise, and reproducible (relative standard deviation < 1%), while being simple and less time consuming. CONCLUSIONS The study concluded that the UV-spectrophotometric method could be used for the quantification of disodium edetate in pure form as well as in pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muralidharan Selvadurai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, Rocklands-Ooty, Tamilnadu, India
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25
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Moussa B, Mohamed M, Youssef N. Simultaneous densitometric TLC analysis of olmesartan medoxomil and hydrochlorothiazide in the tablet dosage form. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.24.2011.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Hegazy MA, Metwaly FH, Abdelkawy M, Abdelwahab NS. Spectrophotometric and chemometric determination of hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone in binary mixture in the presence of their impurities and degradants. Drug Test Anal 2010; 2:243-51. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Maślanka A, Krzek J, Stolarczyk M. Simultaneous analysis of hydrochlorothiazide, triamterene, furosemide, and spironolactone by densitometric TLC. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2009. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.22.2009.6.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Bonfilio R, Tarley CRT, Pereira GR, Salgado HRN, de Araújo MB. Multivariate optimization and validation of an analytical methodology by RP-HPLC for the determination of losartan potassium in capsules. Talanta 2009; 80:236-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Arayne MS, Sultana N, Qureshi F, Siddiqui FA, Mirza AZ, Sher Bahadur S, Zuberi MH. Simultaneous Determination of Tranexamic Acid and Losartan Potassium in Dosage Formulations and Human Serum by RP-LC. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Durga Rao D, Satyanarayana NV, Sait SS, Ramakoti Reddy Y, Mukkanti K. Simultaneous Determination of Losartan Potassium, Atenolol and Hydrochlorothiazide in Pharmaceutical Preparations by Stability-Indicating UPLC. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Thomas AB, Chaudhari AA, Nanda RK, Kothapalli LP, Chavan UB, Deshpande AD. Simultaneous Determination of Enalapril and Losartan in Pharmaceutical Preparations by UV Spectrophotometry and LC. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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32
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Pedroso CF, Oliveira JG, Campos FR, Gonçalves AG, Trindade ACLB, Pontarolo R. A Validated RP–LC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Losartan Potassium and Amlodipine Besilate in Pharmaceutical Preparations. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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33
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Analysis of angiotensin II receptor antagonist and protein markers at microliter level plasma by LC–MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 49:123-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2008] [Revised: 09/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Rizzo M, Ventrice D, Casale F, Caselli GF, Makovec F. Pharmacokinetic study of a new angiotensin-AT1 antagonist by HPLC. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:422-7. [PMID: 18514458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently an innovative novel class angiotensin-AT1 antagonist has been developed by Rottapharm. In this study, we present a validated method for detecting CR 3834 in biological matrices using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection. After oral administration (30mg/kg) to Wistar rats, the plasma and urine concentrations of CR 3834 and its potential metabolic products were determined. Moreover, the plasmatic time course in rats has been determined after intravenous (IV) administration of CR 3834 (5mg/kg). Biological samples (0.5ml of plasma and 1ml of urine) were purified using solid-phase extraction (SPE) of analytes and the internal standard Idebenone, 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-(10-hydroxydecyl)-1-4-benzoquinone. A chromatographic separation was performed on an Adsorboshere C18 at 25 degrees C, with a pre-column of the same matrix; the eluent was made up of acetonitrile/acidified water with CF3COOH (pH 2.01) in ratio of 75:25 (v/v); the flow rate was 1.0ml/min and a 100microl loop. The lower limit of detection (LOD) was taken as 25ng/ml in plasma and 50ng/ml in urine samples. The lower limit of quantification (LOQ) was taken as 0.1 and 0.2microg/ml in plasma and urine samples, respectively. The procedures were validated according to international standards with a good reproducibility and linear response (r=0.9916 in plasma; r=0.9997 in urine). The coefficients of variation inter assay ranged between 2.579 and 4.951% in plasma, and between 0.813 and 2.460% in urine. Mean recovery for CR 3834 was 79% in plasma and 97% in urine samples. The experiments performed demonstrated that the method presented was suitable for determining this new angiotensin-AT1 antagonist in rat plasma and urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacobiologiche, Università degli Studi Magna Graecia di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Contrada Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
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35
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Inglot T, Gumieniczek A, Komsta Ł, Kasińska A. LC and Principal Component Analysis in the Lipophilicity Study of Seven Angiotensin II-AT1 Receptor Antagonists (Sartans). Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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36
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Multi-syringe chromatography (MSC) system for the on-line solid-phase extraction and determination of hydrochlorothiazide and losartan potassium in superficial water, groundwater and wastewater outlet samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:212-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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Maggio RM, Castellano PM, Kaufman TS. A multivariate approach for the simultaneous determination of losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide in a combined pharmaceutical tablet formulation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:2949-55. [PMID: 18528688 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A convenient new method for the simultaneous determination of losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide, with minimum sample pretreatment, is described. The procedure, based on the multivariate analysis of spectral data in the 220-274 nm region by the partial least squares algorithm, is linear in the concentration range 1.06-5.70 mg L(-1) for hydrochlorothiazide and 4.0-22.2 mg L(-1) for losartan. It is simple, rapid and robust, allowing accurate and precise results, with drug recovery rates of 99.3 and 100.4% and relative standard deviations of 1.7 and 1.0% obtained for hydrochlorothiazide and losartan, respectively. The method was applied to the simultaneous determination of both analytes in tablets, and it provided good results which were in statistical agreement with those provided by independent HPLC analyses of the samples. The method has also been successfully applied for the construction of drug dissolution profiles of a commercial pharmaceutical preparation containing both analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén M Maggio
- Area Análisis de Medicamentos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, and Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 531, Rosario, S2002LRK, Argentina
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38
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Simultaneous determination of hydrochlorothiazide and losartan potassium in tablets by high-performance low-pressure chromatography using a multi-syringe burette coupled to a monolithic column. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:2349-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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Tagliari MP, Stulzer HK, Murakami FS, Kuminek G, Valente B, Oliveira PR, Segatto Silva MA. Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating LC Method to Quantify Hydrochlorothiazide in Oral Suspension for Pediatric Use. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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40
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Sagirli O, Önal A, Toker SE, Şensoy D. Simultaneous HPLC Analysis of Olmesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide in Combined Tablets and in vitro Dissolution Studies. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0304-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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41
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Yan B, Wang GJ, Sun JG, Sun FZ, Li XY, Wu XM, Xu JY, Zheng YT, Lv H. Determination of 5-n-Butyl-4-{4-[2-(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]phenylmethyl}-2,4-dihydro-2-(2,6-dichloridephenyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one, a New Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Antagonist in Rat Plasma by LC-ESI-MS: Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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42
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Fang W, Xie W, Hsieh JY, Matuszewski BK. Development and Application of HPLC Methods with Tandem Mass Spectrometric Detection for the Determination of Hydrochlorothiazide in Human Plasma and Urine Using 96‐Well Liquid‐Liquid Extraction. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070500224666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Fang
- a Department of Drug Metabolism , Merck Research Laboratories , West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - W. Xie
- a Department of Drug Metabolism , Merck Research Laboratories , West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J. Y.‐K. Hsieh
- a Department of Drug Metabolism , Merck Research Laboratories , West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - B. K. Matuszewski
- a Department of Drug Metabolism , Merck Research Laboratories , West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
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43
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Erk N. Simultaneous Analysis of Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide in Human Plasma and Dosage Forms Using HPLC with a Photodiode Array Detector. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120023802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Erk
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ankara University , Ankara , 06100 , Turkey
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44
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Dinç E. SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF BENAZEPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS BY THREE CHEMOMETRIC TECHNIQUES. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120004553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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45
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46
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Vetuschi C, Giannandrea A, Carlucci G, Mazzeo P. Determination of hydrochlorothiazide and irbesartan in pharmaceuticals by fourth-order UV derivative spectrophotometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 60:665-70. [PMID: 15963513 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2005.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Revised: 04/23/2005] [Accepted: 04/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The fourth-order derivative spectrum from the alcoholic sample is used. HCT can be determined by a specific peak-trough, of low intensity, at 330-340 nm. For IST evaluation, a peak-trough around 250-310 nm is available, common to both products, whose amplitude increases linearly only for low concentration values, while it decreases at higher values. The most difficult aspect of the analysis lies in how to find the optimal concentration range, so that both signals can be evaluated simultaneously. The best results were achieved by using a linear regression for HCT and a regression plane for IST.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vetuschi
- Farmaco Chimico Department, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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47
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Din� E, �st�nda? �. Application of Multivariate Calibration Techniques to HPLC Data for Quantitative Analysis of a Binary Mixture of Hydrochlorathiazide and Losartan in Tablets. Chromatographia 2005. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-005-0511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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48
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Lusina M, Cindrić T, Tomaić J, Peko M, Pozaić L, Musulin N. Stability study of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide tablets. Int J Pharm 2004; 291:127-37. [PMID: 15707739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2004] [Revised: 06/02/2004] [Accepted: 07/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of stability testing is to investigate how the quality of a drug product changes with time under the influence of environmental factors, to establish a shelf life for the product and to recommend storage conditions. Stability study of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide tablets is presented in this paper. Losartan (angiotensin II receptor antagonist) and hydrochlorothiazide (diuretic) are successfully used in association in the treatment of hypertension. Stability study of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide tablets consisted of three steps: stress test (forced degradation study), preliminary testing (selection of packaging) and formal stability testing. The results of stress test suggested that losartan/hydrochlorothiazide tablets are sensitive to moisture. It was demonstrated that the developed analytical methods are stability indicating. Additional preliminary testing was performed in order to select appropriate packaging for losartan/hydrochlorothiazide tablets. OPA/Al/PVC//Al blisters were found to provide adequate protection for the product. Based on the first 12 months of the formal stability study, a shelf life of 24 months was proposed. Losartan/hydrochlorothiazide tablets in OPA/Al/PVC//Al blisters are demonstrated to be chemically, physically and microbiologically stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Lusina
- PLIVA-Research Institute Ltd., Analytics, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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49
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Determination of hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical preparations by time resolved chemiluminescence. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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50
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Rizzo M, Ventrice D, Monforte F, Procopio S, De Sarro G, Anzini M, Cappelli A, Makovec F. Sensitive SPE–HPLC method to determine a novel angiotensin-AT1 antagonist in biological samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 35:321-9. [PMID: 15063465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2003.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2003] [Revised: 12/04/2003] [Accepted: 12/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-method after solid-phase extraction (SPE) has been developed in order to determine a new angiotensin-AT1 antagonist, i.e. CR 3210 (C27H24N8; MW = 460.54), 4-[4-[(2-ethyl-5,7-dimethylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-3-yl)methyl]phenyl]-3-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)quinoline in rat plasma and urine after oral administration to Sprague-Dawley rats. CR 3210 and the internal standard (IS) CR 1505 (loxiglumide), i.e. 4-[(3,4-dichlorobenzoyl)amino]-5-[(3-methoxypropyl)pentylamino]-5-oxopentanoic acid, were isolated from rat urine and plasma by solid-phase extraction. The procedure was optimized regarding the sorbent extraction material, the pH in the conditioning solution, the washing step, the dry time and the type of elution solvent. The separation was performed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The samples were injected onto the analytical column (Tracer Extrasil ODS1) and detected at 238 nm, giving a capacity factor of 1.87 for CR 3210 and 1.10 for the internal standard. The selectivity of the method was satisfactory. The mean recovery of CR 3210 from spiked rat plasma was 68.5 at 75 ng/ml and 80.9 at 3000 ng/ml; the mean recovery of CR 3210 from spiked rat urine was 69.9 at 75 ng/ml and 78.6 at 3000 ng/ml. The lower limit of detection (LOD) was 14 ng/ml in plasma and 22 ng/ml in urine samples. The lower limit of quantification (LOQ) was taken as 30 ng/ml, the lowest calibration standard using 500 microl rat plasma and urine. The procedures were validated according to international standards with a good reproducibility and linear response from 30 to 3000 ng/ml, for either plasma or urine. The sensitivity of the method allowed for its application to pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacobiologiche, Università degli Studi Magna Graecia di Catanzaro, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia (CZ) 88021, Italy.
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