Development of a sensitive bioanalytical method for determination of PNU-83757 in rat, monkey and human plasma: from LC-UV to LC-MS/MS

Correlation of in vitro and in vivo plasma protein binding using ultracentrifugation and UPLC-tandem mass spectrometry

The aim of the present study is to develop and demonstrate the correlation between in vitro and in vivo Plasma Protein Binding (PPB) using the ultracentrifugation method for its validation by using marketed compounds like atenolol, theophylline and phenytoin. In this study, in vitro PPB is carried out using ultracentrifugation, by spiking the selected marketed compounds at concentrations of 5 and 15 μM in plasma. In an in vivo study, rats (n = 3) were given a single oral dose (10 mg kg(-1)) and post-dose samples were subjected to ultracentrifugation to obtain the protein-free fraction. A rapid and highly sensitive method was developed and validated for determining the free fraction of marketed compounds in rat plasma using protein precipitation and analysis using an ultra performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometer system (UPLC-MS/MS). The in vitro free fraction (fup) values were 0.93 ± 0.07 for atenolol, 0.31 ± 0.03 for theophylline and 0.09 ± 0.02 for phenytoin which correlated well with the corresponding in vivo values of 0.91 ± 0.03 for atenolol, 0.25 ± 0.02 for theophylline and 0.09 ± 0.01 for phenytoin with a coefficient of variation less than 11.06%, 11.45% and 13.67%, respectively. Therefore the validated high-throughput in vitro PPB study is expected to have a powerful impact on reducing the cost as well as time in the drug discovery process.

Simple method for the determination of rosiglitazone in human plasma using a commercially available internal standard

To the best of our knowledge, bioanalytical methods to determine rosiglitazone in human plasma reported in literature use internal standards that are not commercially available. Our purpose was to develop a simple method for the determination of rosiglitazone in plasma employing a commercially available internal standard (IS). After the addition of celecoxib (IS), plasma (0.25 mL) samples were extracted into ethyl acetate. The residue after evaporation of the organic layer was dissolved in 750 microL of mobile phase and 50 microL was injected on to HPLC. The separation was achieved using a Hichrom KR 100, 250 x 4.6 mm C(18) with a mobile phase composition potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (0.01 m, pH 6.5):acetonitrile:methanol (40:50:10, v/v/v). The flow-rate of the mobile phase was set at 1 mL/min. The column eluate was monitored by fluorescence detector set at an excitation wavelength of 247 nm and emission wavelength of 367 nm. Linear relationships (r(2) > 0.99) were observed between the peak area ratio rosiglitazone to IS vs rosiglitazone concentrations across the concentration range 5-1000 ng/mL. The intra-run precision (%RSD) and accuracy (%Dev) in the measurement of rosiglitazone were <+/-10.69 and <-12.35%, respectively across the QC levels (50-1000 ng/mL). The extraction efficiency was >80% for both rosiglitazone and IS from human plasma. The lower limit of quantitation of the assay was 5 ng/mL. In summary, the methodology for rosiglitazone measurement in plasma was simple, sensitive and employed a commercially available IS.