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Jacobson GA, Raidal S, Robson K, Narkowicz CK, Nichols DS, Haydn Walters E. Bronchopulmonary pharmacokinetics of (R)-salbutamol and (S)-salbutamol enantiomers in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid and lung tissue of horses. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83:1436-1445. [PMID: 28061018 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Salbutamol is usually administered as a racemic mixture but little is known about the enantioselectivity of salbutamol pharmacokinetics in the lung. This study was designed to investigate enantiomer concentrations in lung tissue after inhaled dosing. METHODS Horses (n = 12) received racemic salbutamol 1000 μg via inhalation. Enantioselective ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine salbutamol concentrations in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) sampled 2, 5, 10 and 15 min after administration, in central lung (endoscopic bronchial biopsy) and peripheral lung (percutaneous pulmonary biopsy) tissues (at 20 and 25 min respectively), and in plasma samples. RESULTS Mean ± 95% confidence interval (CI) yield of PELF was 57 ± 10 mg. Initial mean ± 95%CI (R)- and (S)-salbutamol PELF concentrations were 389 ± 189 ng g-1 and 378 ± 177 ng g-1 respectively, and both reduced approximately 50% by 15 min. Mean ± 95%CI central lung levels of drug were higher than peripheral lung tissue for both (R)-salbutamol (875 ± 945 vs. 49.5 ± 12 ng g-1 ) and (S)-salbutamol (877 ± 955 vs. 50.9 ± 12 ng g-1 ) respectively. There was no evidence of enantioselectivity in PELF or central lung but minor (~2%) enantioselectivity was observed in the peripheral lung. Enantioselectivity was clearly evident in plasma with (S):(R) ratio of 1.25 and 1.14 for both area under the concentration-time curve (0-25 min) and Cmax respectively. CONCLUSIONS PELF sampling in horses offers sufficient yield allowing direct detection of drug and, combined with tissue sampling, is a valuable model to investigate bronchopulmonary pharmacokinetics. Salbutamol did not demonstrate enantioselectivity in PELF or central lung tissue uptake following acute dosing, however, enantioselective plasma concentrations were demonstrated, with minor enantioselectivity in the peripheral lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn A Jacobson
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Sharanne Raidal
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate Robson
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - David S Nichols
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - E Haydn Walters
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Guo Z, Chen Y, Ding X, Huang C, Miao L. Simultaneous determination of ambroxol and salbutamol in human plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1789-1795. [PMID: 27129716 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhening Guo
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Laboratory; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou 215006 Jiangsu China
- Department of Pharmaceutics; College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yangsheng Chen
- QingDao Chiatal Haier Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd; Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Xiaoliang Ding
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Laboratory; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou 215006 Jiangsu China
| | - Chenrong Huang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Laboratory; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou 215006 Jiangsu China
| | - Liyan Miao
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Laboratory; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou 215006 Jiangsu China
- Department of Pharmaceutics; College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
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Chiral resolution of salbutamol in plasma sample by a new chiral ligand-exchange chromatography method after its extraction with nano-sized imprinted polymer. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1009-1010:96-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Enantioseparation of chiral pharmaceuticals in biomedical and environmental analyses by liquid chromatography: An overview. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 968:8-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wieder ME, Paine SW, Hincks PR, Pearce CM, Scarth J, Hillyer L. Detection and pharmacokinetics of salbutamol in thoroughbred racehorses following inhaled administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 38:41-7. [PMID: 25229326 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Salbutamol sulphate (Ventolin Evohaler) was administrated via the inhalation route to six horses at a dose of 0.5 mg every 4 h during the day for 2 days (total dose 4 mg). Urine and blood samples were taken up to 92 h postadministration. Hydrolyzed plasma and urine were extracted using solid phase extraction (SPE). A sensitive tandem mass spectrometric method was developed in this study, achieving a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for salbutamol of 10 pg/mL in plasma and urine. The parent drug was identified using UPLC-MS/MS. Most of the determined salbutamol plasma concentrations, post last administration, lie below the LLOQ of the method and so cannot be used for plasma PK analysis. Urine PK analysis suggests a half-life consistent with the pharmacological effect duration. An estimate of the urine average concentration at steady-state was collected by averaging the concentration measurements in the dosing period from -12 to 0 h relative to the last administered dose. The value was averaged across the six horses and used to estimate an effective urine concentration as a marker of effective lung concentration. The value estimated was 9.6 ng/mL and from this a number of detection times were calculated using a range of safety factors.
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Jacobson GA, Yee KC, Wood-Baker R, Walters EH. SULT 1A3 single-nucleotide polymorphism and the single dose pharmacokinetics of inhaled salbutamol enantiomers: are some athletes at risk of higher urine levels? Drug Test Anal 2014; 7:109-13. [PMID: 24692077 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed to investigate the effect of a common genetic variation of the main salbutamol metabolizing enzyme SULT1A3 (single nucleotide polymorphism 105A>G, rs1975350) on the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of salbutamol. Subjects were administered a 400 µg dose of inhaled salbutamol via a large volume spacer and blood samples were collected over 4 h. Plasma levels of (R)- and (S)-salbutamol were determined by an enantioselective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay. Twenty-five subjects with asthma were recruited and underwent SULT1A3 genotyping, from which four SNP homozygote (GG) subjects and nine wild-type (AA) subjects were selected to participated in the pharmacokinetic investigation. There were no differences in pharmacokinetic parameters (t1/2 , Cmax , AUC0-4h ) between SNP and wild-type genotypes for either the R- or S-enantiomer. Observed Cmax of R- and S-salbutamol [mean (SD)] was 0.64 (0.30) ng/mL and 1.32 (0.98) ng/mL, respectively. The mean t1/2 of R- and S-salbutamol was estimated at 2.94 (1.17) h and 7.86 (6.14) h respectively. The AUC0-4h of R- and S-salbutamol was 14.0 (6.8) and 38.3 (19.5) ng/mL.h respectively. In conclusion, the common SULT1A3 SNP 105A>G is not an important determinant of salbutamol enantiomer pharmacokinetics under normal clinical use and does not place some individuals at greater risk of accumulation in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn A Jacobson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
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Rosales-Conrado N, Dell'Aica M, de León-González ME, Pérez-Arribas LV, Polo-Díez LM. Determination of salbutamol by direct chiral reversed-phase HPLC using teicoplanin as stationary phase and its application to natural water analysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1413-22. [PMID: 23703259 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A direct chiral LC-UV method was optimized for the determination of salbutamol (SAL) β2 -agonist in environmental water. Two commercially available columns were evaluated: teicoplanin Chirobiotic-T™ (150 × 2.1 mm i.d., 5 µm) and vancomycin Chirobiotic-V™ (150 × 2.1 mm i.d., 5 µm). Finally, teicoplanin chiral stationary phase was selected for SAL enantiomer resolution. In order to preserve its integrity and maintain the column performance for longer time, the use of additives such as triethylamine (TEA) in the mobile phase was avoided. Experimental design was applied to simultaneously evaluate the influence of several parameters involved in enantiomer separation and to establish the conditions for acceptable resolution and performance in short analysis time. Optimum mobile phase was methanol-20 mM ammonium acetate buffer at pH 4.5 (98:2, v/v). A solid-phase extraction procedure for sample pre-concentration and clean-up allowed the determination of chiral SAL residues in natural water samples spiked at low concentrations in the range 1.0-20 ng mL(-1) . Reproducible recoveries, between 77 and 98%, were obtained and matrix effect was negligible. Injection of sample solutions at low elution strength permitted the SAL enantioresolution in the natural water complex matrix with satisfactory sensitivity and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Rosales-Conrado
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
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Ali I, Alam SD, Al-Othman ZA, Farooqi JA. Recent Advances in SPE-Chiral-HPLC Methods for Enantiomeric Separation of Chiral Drugs in Biological Samples. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 51:645-54. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Zhang D, Teng Y, Chen K, Liu S, Wei C, Wang B, Yuan G, Zhang R, Liu X, Guo R. Determination of salbutamol in human plasma and urine using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and its pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:1176-82. [PMID: 22213268 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dujuan Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; 107 West Wenhua Road; Jinan; 250012; People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Teng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; 107 West Wenhua Road; Jinan; 250012; People's Republic of China
| | - Keguang Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; 107 West Wenhua Road; Jinan; 250012; People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; 107 West Wenhua Road; Jinan; 250012; People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmin Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; 107 West Wenhua Road; Jinan; 250012; People's Republic of China
| | - Benjie Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; 107 West Wenhua Road; Jinan; 250012; People's Republic of China
| | - Guiyan Yuan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; 107 West Wenhua Road; Jinan; 250012; People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; 107 West Wenhua Road; Jinan; 250012; People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; 107 West Wenhua Road; Jinan; 250012; People's Republic of China
| | - Ruichen Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; 107 West Wenhua Road; Jinan; 250012; People's Republic of China
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Effect of chromatographic conditions on liquid chromatographic chiral separation of terbutaline and salbutamol on Chirobiotic V column. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6727-31. [PMID: 21855076 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a method for enantioseparation of terbutaline and salbutamol was established using Chirobiotic V column as a stationary phase. Polar ionic mode applying mobile phase containing ammonium nitrate in 100% ethanol, pH 5.1 was found to give the best separation. The salt concentration in the mobile phase and pH value were found to be the most important chromatographic factors affecting separation. Separation of enantiomers of these two basic analytes was complete in less than 10 min without applying ammonium trifluoroacetate (ATFA) or triethylamine (TEA) salts.
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11
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Yee KC, Jacobson GA, Wood-Baker R, Walters EH. Albuterol enantiomer levels, lung function and QTc interval in patients with acute severe asthma and COPD in the emergency department. Int J Emerg Med 2011; 4:30. [PMID: 21676212 PMCID: PMC3135507 DOI: 10.1186/1865-1380-4-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This observational study was designed to investigate plasma levels of albuterol enantiomers among patients with acute severe asthma or COPD presenting to the emergency department, and the relationship with extra-pulmonary cardiac effects (QTc interval) and lung function. Recent reviews have raised concerns about the safety of using large doses of β2-agonists, especially in patients with underlying cardiovascular comorbidity. It has been demonstrated that significant extrapulmonary effects can be observed in subjects given nebulised (R/S)-albuterol at a dose of as little as 6.5 mg. Methods Blood samples were collected and plasma/serum levels of (R)- and (S)-albuterol enantiomers were determined by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS assay. Extra-pulmonary effects measured at presentation included ECG measurements, serum potassium level and blood sugar level, which were collected from the hospital medical records. Results High plasma levels of both enantiomers were observed in some individuals, with median (range) concentrations of 8.2 (0.6-24.8) and 20.6 (0.5-57.3) ng/mL for (R)- and (S)- albuterol respectively among acute asthma subjects, and 2.1 (0.0-16.7) to 4.1 (0.0-36.1) ng/mL for (R)- and (S)- albuterol respectively among COPD subjects. Levels were not associated with an improvement in lung function or adverse cardiac effects (prolonged QTc interval). Conclusions High plasma concentrations of albuterol were observed in both asthma and COPD patients presenting to the emergency department. Extra-pulmonary cardiac adverse effects (prolonged QTC interval) were not associated with the plasma level of (R)- or (S)-albuterol when administered by inhaler in the emergency department setting. Long-term effect(s) of continuous high circulating albuterol enantiomer concentrations remain unknown, and further investigations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Choon Yee
- School of Pharmacy, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
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Determination of Albuterol Enantiomers in Animal Tissue Matrices by LC–MS/MS: Application in Therapeutic Myoanabolic Studies. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Felix G, Berthod A. Part II: From Dermatologicals to Sensory Organ and Various Drugs. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/15422110701873007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wang Z, Ouyang J, Baeyens WR. Recent developments of enantioseparation techniques for adrenergic drugs using liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis: A review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 862:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 10/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Collins BR, Gu X. Quantification of antihistamine acrivastine in plasma by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:293-7. [PMID: 16930917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Revised: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 07/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An automated solid-phase extraction method was developed for the determination of the H1-antihistamine acrivastine in plasma samples. Acrivastine was analyzed at the wavelength of 254 nm using a reversed-phase HPLC assay. Both extraction procedure and analytical condition were optimized and validated for maximum recovery and resolution. The developed method was further applied to plasma samples collected from an in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rabbits. The assay was found to be simple, specific, accurate and reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Collins
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Man., Canada R3T 2N2
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Erny GL, Cifuentes A. Liquid separation techniques coupled with mass spectrometry for chiral analysis of pharmaceuticals compounds and their metabolites in biological fluids. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 40:509-15. [PMID: 16326060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2005] [Revised: 10/25/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the chiral composition of drugs is nowadays a key step in order to determine purity, activity, bioavailability, biodegradation, etc., of pharmaceuticals. In this article, works published for the last 5 years on the analysis of chiral drugs by liquid separation techniques coupled with mass spectrometry are reviewed. Namely, chiral analysis of pharmaceuticals including, e.g., antiinflammatories, antihypertensives, relaxants, etc., by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry are included. The importance and interest of the analysis of the enantiomers of the active compound and its metabolites in different biological fluids (plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, etc.) are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Erny
- Institute of Industrial Fermentations (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Bartolincić A, Drusković V, Sporec A, Vinković V. Development and validation of HPLC methods for the enantioselective analysis of bambuterol and albuterol. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 36:1003-10. [PMID: 15620526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2004] [Revised: 09/07/2004] [Accepted: 09/07/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Suitable HPLC methods for the direct separation of bambuterol and albuterol enantiomers were developed. The enantioseparation was tested on numerous commercial chiral HPLC columns. For bambuterol the most convenient separation was determined on amylose Chiralpak AD column, and for albuterol on vancomycine Chirobiotic V column. The mobile phase compositions were systematically studied to obtain the optimal chromatographic methods. Validation of methods in selected conditions shows that the chosen methods are selective and precise with linear response of detector for both pairs of enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bartolincić
- R&D, Belupo Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics Ltd., Radnicka c. 224, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Ward
- Department of Chemistry, Millsaps College, 1701 North State Street, Box 150306, Jackson, Mississippi 39210, USA.
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Wu ST, Xing J, Apedo A, Wang-Iverson DB, Olah TV, Tymiak AA, Zhao N. High-throughput chiral analysis of albuterol enantiomers in dog plasma using on-line sample extraction/polar organic mode chiral liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2004; 18:2531-2536. [PMID: 15468103 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An automated chiral chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry bioanalytical method for the determination of albuterol in dog plasma was developed. The method employed on-line sample extraction using turbulent flow chromatography coupled to a Chirobiotic T column for chiral separation using a polar organic mobile phase consisting of methanol, 0.02% formic acid, and 0.1% ammonium formate. The analytes were detected by a tandem mass spectrometer operated in positive ion mode. The (S)- and (R)-isomers were resolved chromatographically with retention times of 5.1 and 5.6 min, respectively. The analytical run time was 8 min. The enantiomers did not interconvert either in mobile phase or in dog plasma at room temperature over the course of at least 2 h. The assay has a linear dynamic range from 2.5-2500 nM for both enantiomers. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 2.5 nM for both enantiomers using 50 microL of plasma. The accuracy and precision of intraday validation were determined at five concentration levels of six replicates. The accuracy of the method for the (R)-isomer ranged from 94-103% of nominal concentrations, and the precision (%CV) ranged from 3.6-12%. The accuracy of the method for the (S)-isomer ranged from 94.5-108% of nominal concentrations, and the precision ranged from 3.2-9.3%. Interday accuracy and precision were evaluated for three days at five concentrations for one replicate. The accuracy of the method for the (R)-isomer ranged from 98-110% of nominal concentrations, and the precision ranged from 1.5-10.6%. The accuracy of the method for the (S)-isomer ranged from 96-104% of nominal concentrations, and the precision ranged from 1.5-8.7%. The combination of turbulent flow on-line sample extraction with polar organic mode chiral chromatography provided a specific, rugged, and high-throughput method for the chiral analysis of albuterol in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven T Wu
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Salbutamol is commonly delivered as a racemic mixture of pharmacologically active (R)-salbutamol and inactive (S)-salbutamol. This study investigated inactive (S)- and active (R)-salbutamol plasma levels and their relationship to dose in patients with severe asthma. METHODS Basic demographics, racemic-salbutamol dose in the preceding 24 h, lung function tests at baseline and 1 h, and a 10 mL plasma sample were obtained from subjects presenting to the Department of Emergency Medicine with acute asthma. Plasma determinations were carried out using an LC-MS assay with solid phase extraction. RESULTS All patients (n = 5) had detectable levels of drug in plasma with range of 0.9-7.7 and 4.7-27.4 ng/mL for (R)-salbutamol and (S)-salbutamol respectively. These were correlated to total racemic salbutamol dose. The range of the (S) : (R) ratio was 2.0-5.2, with (R)-salbutamol representing 16-33% of the total plasma concentration, which did not correlate with total salbutamol dose. CONCLUSION Only a small fraction of total plasma salbutamol concentration was found to consist of active enantiomer in patients with an acute severe exacerbation of asthma actively undergoing treatment with racemic-salbutamol. As a result of the possible contribution of (S)-salbutamol to poor asthma control further enantioselective investigations are warranted in severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Jacobson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Tasmania, GPO BOX 252-26, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
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