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Comparision of the phenol red, gravimetric, and synthesized mPEG-PR methods for correcting water flux using the single-pass intestinal perfusion method. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 176:106255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2
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Prashanth KN, Basavaiah K. Sensitive spectrophotometric determination of atenolol in pharmaceutical formulations using bromate-bromide mixture as an eco-friendly brominating agent. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:810156. [PMID: 22567567 PMCID: PMC3335304 DOI: 10.1155/2012/810156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Three simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods are proposed for the determination of atenolol (ATN) in bulk drug and tablets. The methods are based on the bromination of ATN by the bromine generated in situ by the action of the acid on the bromate-bromide mixture followed by the determination of unreacted bromine by reacting with a fixed amount of either meta-cresol purple (MCP) and measuring the absorbance at 540 nm (method A) and 445 nm (method B) or erioglaucine (EGC) and measuring the absorbance at 630 nm (method C). Beer's law is valid within the concentration ranges of 1.0-20.0, 2.0-40.0 and 1.0-8.0 μg/mL for method A, method B and method C, respectively. The calculated molar absorptivities were found to be 1.20×10(4), 4.51×10(3) and 3.46 × 10(4) L/mol · cm for method A, method B and method C, respectively. Sandell's sensitivity values, correlation coefficients, limits of detection and quantification are also reported. Recovery results were statistically compared with those of a reference method by applying Student's t- and F-test. The novelty of the present study is the measurement of two different colors using MCP, that is, red-pink color of MCP in acid medium at 540 nm and yellowish-orange color of brominated MCP at 445 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kudige N. Prashanth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Kanakapura Basavaiah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
- *Kanakapura Basavaiah:
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Asdaq SMB, Inamdar MN. Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Propranolol with Garlic (Allium sativum) in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2011; 2011:824042. [PMID: 21792365 PMCID: PMC3137651 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neq076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Garlic preparations and propranolol (PRO) are agents recognized as cardioprotective and potent antihypertensive agents when they are used individually. However, there is no report available to explain the role of combined therapy during simultaneous hypertension and myocardial damage in rats. We aimed to determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of PRO with garlic homogenate (GH), in rats. The influence of garlic on pharmacokinetics of PRO was determined by HPLC method; while pharmacodynamic interaction was studied in animals with hypertension (10% fructose) and myocardial damage (isoproterenol, 175 mg kg(-1), s.c. 2 days). PRO was given orally at 10 mg kg(-1) for 1 week, whereas, GH was administered at three different doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg kg(-1), p.o. in their respective groups during fourth to sixth week of high fructose (HF) period, once daily. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, creatine phosphokinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were measured and histopathological studies were carried out. The bioavailability and half life of PRO were significantly enhanced by 2- and 3-fold, respectively, in animals pretreated with garlic (250 mg kg(-1)). Administration of PRO and low to moderate doses of GH (125, 250 mg kg(-1)), either alone or together showed fall in fluid intake and body weight. The combined therapy of GH 250 mg kg(-1) and PRO was found to be most effective in reducing SBP, cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose. These observations suggest that careful addition of garlic in moderate doses in PRO regimen might result in beneficial effect during treatment of hypertensive animals with myocardial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq
- Department of Pharmacology, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Varthur Hobli, Chikkabellandur Village, Carmalaram Post, Bangalore 560 035, India
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DENG B, YIN H, LIU Y, NING X. Pharmacokinetics of Propranolol Hydrochlorid in Human Urine by Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with Electrochemiluminescence. ANAL SCI 2011; 27:55-9. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.27.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Electrochemical study of atenolol at a carbon paste electrode modified with mordenite type zeolite. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Zakeri-Milani P, Valizadeh H, Tajerzadeh H, Islambulchilar Z. The utility of rat jejunal permeability for biopharmaceutics classification system. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2009; 35:1496-502. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903037199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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7
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Zakeri-Milani P, Barzegar-Jalali M, Azimi M, Valizadeh H. Biopharmaceutical classification of drugs using intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) and rat intestinal permeability. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 73:102-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2009.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Senthamil Selvan P, Pal T. Chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantitation of metoprolol succinate and simvastatin in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 49:780-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Revised: 12/06/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Cervini P, Cavalheiro ÉTG. Graphite-Polyurethane Composite Electrode as an Amperometric Flow Detector in the Determination of Atenolol. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802162152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Asuero AG, González G. Fitting Straight Lines with Replicated Observations by Linear Regression. III. Weighting Data. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340701244615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agustin G. Asuero
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , The University of Seville , 41012 , Seville , Spain
| | - Gustavo González
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , The University of Seville , 41012 , Seville , Spain
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11
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Zhang Y, Wu HL, Xia AL, Zhu SH, Han QJ, Yu RQ. Fluorescence determination of metoprolol in human plasma by trilinear decomposition-based calibration techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:1741-8. [PMID: 17047945 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2006] [Revised: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study a new spectrofluorimetric method for the direct determination of metoprolol in human plasma is presented and discussed. It is based on the use of fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) and second-order calibration performed with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) or alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD). This methodology enables accurate and reliable discrimination of the analyte signal, even in the presence of unknown and uncalibrated fluorescent component(s), which is often referred to as the second-order advantage. No separation or sample pretreatment steps were required. Satisfactory results were obtained. Metoprolol recoveries in plasma were determined as 87+/-2% and 90+/-4% with PARAFAC and ATLD, respectively. All RSD values of intra- and interday assays were below 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
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Rahman N, Rahman H, Azmi SNH. Validated Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Metoprolol Tartrate in Pharmaceutical Formulations. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2005; 53:942-8. [PMID: 16079525 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.53.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A kinetic spectrophotometric method has been described for the determination of metoprolol tartrate in pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on reaction of the drug with alkaline potassium permanganate at 25+/-1 degrees C. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the change in absorbance at 610 nm as a function of time. The initial rate and fixed time (at 15.0 min) methods are utilized for constructing the calibration graphs to determine the concentration of the drug. Both the calibration graphs are linear in the concentration range of 1.46 x 10(-6)-8.76 x 10(-6) M (10.0-60.0 microg per 10 ml). The calibration data resulted in the linear regression equations of log (rate)=3.634+0.999 log C and A=6.300 x 10(-4)+6.491 x 10(-2) C for initial-rate and fixed time methods, respectively. The limits of quantitation for initial rate and fixed time methods are 0.04 and 0.10 microg ml(-1), respectively. The activation parameters such as E(a), DeltaH(double dagger), DeltaS(double dagger) and DeltaG(double dagger) are also evaluated for the reaction and found to be 90.73 kJ mol(-1), 88.20 kJ mol(-1), 84.54 J K(-1) mol(-1) and 63.01 kJ mol(-1), respectively. The results are validated statistically and through recovery studies. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of metoprolol tartrate in pharmaceutical formulations. Statistical comparison of the results with the reference method shows excellent agreement and indicates no significant difference in accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002 U.P., India.
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Albert V, Modamio P, Lastra CF, Mariño EL. Determination of saquinavir and ritonavir in human plasma by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and the analytical error function. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 36:835-40. [PMID: 15533677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2004] [Revised: 08/05/2004] [Accepted: 08/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two simple and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography methods with ultraviolet detection were developed and validated for the quantitation of two protease inhibitors, saquinavir and ritonavir, in human plasma. The same single liquid-liquid extraction procedure with ethyl acetate-hexane (50:50, v/v), reversed-phase column and mobile phase were used. The analyses were accomplished using a Luna C(18) column (150 mm x 4.6mm i.d.) with a C(18) guard column and, the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 70 mM KH(2)PO(4) adjusted to pH 5 with 80 mM Na(2)HPO(4) (46:54, v/v). The wavelength was set at 240 nm for saquinavir and at 210 nm for ritonavir. The retention times were 6.4 min for saquinavir and 8.3 min for ritonavir. The methods were linear over the range of 100-2500 ng/ml for saquinavir and 200-2500 ng/ml for ritonavir. Intra and inter-day precision and accuracy were less than 10.2% for both drugs. Recovery were 90 and 87% for saquinavir and ritonavir, respectively. The drugs were stable at different relevant storage and working conditions. After the validation, their analytical error functions were established as standard deviation (S.D., ng/ml) = 4.84 + 7.14 x 10(-2)C (C is the theoretical concentration value) for saquinavir and S.D. (ng/ml) = 39.98 + 2.40 x 10(-5)C(2) for ritonavir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Albert
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Braza AJ, Modamio P, Lastra CF, Mariño EL. Development, validation and analytical error function of two chromatographic methods with fluorimetric detection for the determination of bisoprolol and metoprolol in human plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2002; 16:517-22. [PMID: 12474215 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This work describes two high-performance liquid chromatographic methods for the individual determination of bisoprolol and metoprolol in human plasma. Analytical methods involve two different liquid-liquid extractions of human plasma, with diethyl ether for bisoprolol and with dichloromethane for metoprolol, coupled with a similar Nucleosil C(18) reversed-phase HPLC column. Fluorimetric detection was used to identify both beta-blockers. Retention times for bisoprolol and metoprolol were 8.7 and 3.2 min, respectively. Linear regressions for the calibration curves were linear at a concentration range of 6.25-200 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day precision coefficients of variations and accuracy bias were acceptable (within 15%) over the entire range for both drugs. Average recovery was 89% for metoprolol and 98% for bisoprolol. Once the methods had been validated, analytical error functions were established as standard deviation (SD; ng/mL) = 2.216 + 3.608 x 10(-4)C(2) (C = theoretical concentration value) and SD-(ng/mL) = 0.408 + 0.378 x 10(-1)C for bisoprolol and metoprolol, respectively. The methods developed and their associated analytical error functions will be suitable for pharmacokinetic studies and for determination of plasma concentration if posology individualization of these drugs is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Braza
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Health Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Amin AS, Ragab GH, Saleh H. Colorimetric determination of beta-blockers in pharmaceutical formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 30:1347-53. [PMID: 12408925 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A simple, accurate, precise and sensitive colorimetric method for the determination of some beta-blockers as atenolol (Ateno), metoprolol (Metop), sotalol (Sot) and nadolol (Nad) is described. This method is based on the formation of charge transfer complex with 4-chloro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-Cl) in methanolic-aqueous (for Ateno and Metop) or acetone-aqueous (for Sot and Nad) medium [30% (v/v)]. The orange color products are measured at 485, 470, 465 and 462 nm for Ateno, Metop, Sot and Nad, respectively. The optimization of various experimental conditions is described. Beer's law is obeyed in the range 0.4-60 microgram ml(-1) while that obtained applying Ringbom is 0.8-56 microgram ml(-1). The molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, detection and quantification limits are calculated. The results obtained showed good recoveries of 99.5+/-1.1, 100.3+/-1.2, 100.5+/-1.0 and 99.3+/-1.1% with relative standard deviations of 0.74, 0.98, 1.15 and 0.87% for Ateno, Metop, Sot and Nad, respectively. Applications of the proposed method to representative pharmaceutical formulations are successfully presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Amin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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Bai X, You T, Sun H, Yang X, Wang E. Determination of Propranolol by Capillary Electrophoresis with End-Column Amperometric Detection. ELECTROANAL 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4109(200005)12:7<535::aid-elan535>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Braza AJ, Modamio P, Mariño EL. Two reproducible and sensitive liquid chromatographic methods to quantify atenolol and propranolol in human plasma and determination of their associated analytical error functions. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2000; 738:225-31. [PMID: 10718640 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two liquid chromatography (LC) methods with fluorimetric detection have been developed to measure atenolol and propranolol in human plasma. The same 5 microm Nucleosil RP-18 column, extraction procedure and mobile phase (containing acetonitrile, water, triethylamine and phosphoric acid, pH 3) were used. The linearity ranges were 25-800 ng/ml for atenolol and 3.13-100 ng/ml for propranolol. The coefficients of variation for validation assays were lower than 15% at the concentration assayed. The functions of the analytical error were linear: SD (ng/ml)=7.698+0.037C for atenolol and SD (ng/ml)=0.126+0.036C for propranolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Braza
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceiutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Braza AJ, Modamio P, Mariño EL. Determination of celiprolol and oxprenolol in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography and the analytical error function. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1998; 718:267-72. [PMID: 9840437 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two reversed-phase HPLC methods with UV detection to quantify celiprolol and oxprenolol in human plasma are described. The analytical methods for the determination of both drugs used the same reversed-phase HPLC column, mobile phase and extraction procedure. Linearity was obtained in the ranges 15.63-1000 and 25-800 ng/ml for celiprolol and oxprenolol, respectively. Intra-day and inter-day variation was lower than 14%. After validation of the methods, analytical error functions were established as S.D. (ng/ml)=3.096+0.041C for celiprolol and S.D. (ng/ml)=8.906+8.075x10(-8)C3 for oxprenolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Braza
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Spain
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