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Piskin E, Cetinkaya A, Unal MA, Özgür E, Atici EB, Uzun L, Ozkan SA. A molecularly imprinted polymer-based detection platform confirmed through molecular modeling for the highly sensitive and selective analysis of ipratropium bromide. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 248:116283. [PMID: 38850885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
This study presented a new method to design a MIP-based electrochemical sensor that could improve the selective and sensitive detection of ipratropium bromide (IPR). The polymeric film was designed using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as the basic monomer, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone as the initiator, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the crosslinking agent, and N-methacryloyl-L-aspartic acid (MAAsp) as the functional monomer. The presence of MAAsp results in the functional groups in imprinting binding sites, while the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) allows the generation of porous materials not only for sensitive sensing but also for avoiding electron transport limitations. Electrochemical characterizations of the changes at each stage of the MIP preparation process were confirmed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In addition, morphological characterizations of the developed sensor were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and contact angle measurements. Theoretical calculations were also performed to explain/confirm the experimental results better. It was found that the results of the calculations using the DFT approach agreed with the experimental data. The MAAsp-IPR@MIP/GCE sensor was developed using the photopolymerization method, and the sensor surface was obtained by exposure to UV lamp radiation at 365 nm. The improved MIP-based electrochemical sensor demonstrated the ability to measure IPR for standard solutions in the linear operating range of 1.0 × 10-12-1.0 × 10-11 M under optimized conditions. For standard solutions, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were obtained as 2.78 × 10-13 and 9.27 × 10-13 M, respectively. The IPR recovery values for the inhalation form were calculated as 101.70 % and 100.34 %, and the mean relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 0.76 % in both cases. In addition, the proposed modified sensor demonstrated remarkable sensitivity and selectivity for rapid assessment of IPR in inhalation forms. The sensor's unique selectivity is demonstrated by its successful performance even in the presence of IPR impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensar Piskin
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkiye; Ankara University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Ahmet Cetinkaya
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkiye.
| | - Mehmet A Unal
- Ankara University, Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Erdogan Özgür
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Turkiye
| | | | - Lokman Uzun
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkiye.
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Adhikari RP, Mohamed Sheik Tharik A, Meyyanathan SN. Mini Review on Forced Degradation Studies on Anti-Epileptic Drugs and Beyond. J Chromatogr Sci 2022:6671202. [PMID: 35980304 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this review on the forced degradation studies on anti-epileptic drugs and the development of validated stability-indicating assay methods for drug substances and products at a condition more severe than accelerated condition (i.e. 40 ± 2°C, 75 ± 5% relative humidity), the drug substance and drug product undergo degradation is known as forced or stress degradation. To know about the impurities developed during the storage of drug products in various environmental conditions. The limit of degradation allowable is 5-20%. More than 20% of degradation is abnormal and must be investigated. Any regulatory guidelines do not mention the pH conditions for acid or base hydrolysis, the temperature for thermal degradation or the concentration of the oxidation agent. Only International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines Q1B photostability stability and states that light sources must be a combination of UV and visible light. The shortcomings of mentioned techniques with appreciation to regulatory necessities are highlighted. A systematic method for the forced degradation studies on anti-epileptic drugs such as "Topiramate, Vigabatrin, Lacosamide, Tiagabine, Levetiracetam and Zonisamide" is discussed. This review helps researchers to get an idea about stability-indicating methods of development and validation for newer antiepileptic drugs and the characteristics of drug products that degrade under specific degradation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudra Prasad Adhikari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty-643001, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Mohamed Sheik Tharik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty-643001, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S N Meyyanathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty-643001, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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Li J, Li G, Zhao L, Wang H, Sun C. Simultaneous Analysis of Ipratropium Bromide and its Related Substances Using HPLC. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412917666201001115322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The main goal of process-related substances investigations is to understand
how impurities should be controlled during the synthetic or purification process to produce a
high-quality drug substance. The simultaneous determination of related substances is a very important
factor in the quality control of API and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Methods:
A new HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of Ipratropium bromide
and its seven related substances. The separation was performed on a waters HPLC ZORBAX
Eclipse XDB- C8 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm). The gradient method used mobile phases containing
methanol, acetonitrile, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), water: A: (methanol, acetonitrile, TFA,
500:500:0.3 v/v/v) and B (0.3% TFA in water v/v). The gradient elution conditions were as follows:
0-32.0 min, linear from 10% A to 35% A; 32.0-36.0 min isocratic 35% A; 36.0-42.0 min linear
from 35% to 10%A. The wavelength by UV detector was 220 nm and the flow rate was 1.2
mL/min. The injection volume of sample was 20 μL, and the column temperature was 30 ºC. The
proposed RP-HPLC method was applied for the determination of seven related substances.
Results:
All standard curves obtained exhibited good linear regression (r > 0.9939) within the tested
range. The average recovery rates were in the range of 98.2-102.0% and RSD was less than
2.9% (n = 3). The process-related impurities were not observed in different batches (<0.025% purity).
Conclusion:
The method was applied to determine 7 process-related substances in ipratropium bromide
and proved to be robust, linear, repeatable, sensitive, selective and easy to perform. The results
are valuable for quality control in the manufacturing of ipratropium bromide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Li
- The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Hairong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Chujun Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
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Kazarian AA, Taylor MR, Haddad PR, Nesterenko PN, Paull B. Single column comprehensive analysis of pharmaceutical preparations using dual-injection mixed-mode (ion-exchange and reversed-phase) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 86:174-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Shur J, Kubavat HA, Ruecroft G, Hipkiss D, Price R. Influence of crystal form of ipratropium bromide on micronisation and aerosolisation behaviour in dry powder inhaler formulations. J Pharm Pharmacol 2012; 64:1326-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the mechanical properties of anhydrous and monohydrate ipratropium bromide (IB) crystals, their processing behaviour upon air-jet micronisation and aerosolisation performance in dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations.
Methods
IB monohydrate and anhydrous crystals were produced from seed crystals and supercritical carbon dioxide crystallisation, respectively. Young's modulus of anhydrous and monohydrate IB crystals was determined using nanoindentation. For air-jet micronised crystals, the physicochemical and surface interfacial properties via the cohesive–adhesive balance (CAB) approach were investigated. These data were correlated to in-vitro aerosolisation performance of carrier-based DPI formulations containing either anhydrous or monohydrate IB.
Key findings
Particle size and Young's modulus of both crystals were similar and this was reflected in their similar processing upon micronisation. Particle size of micronised anhydrous and monohydrate crystals were similar. CAB measurements of the micronised particles of monohydrate or anhydrous forms of IB with respect to lactose were 0.70 (R2 = 0.998) and 0.77 (R2 = 0.999), respectively. These data suggested that both samples had similar adhesion to lactose, which correlated with their similar in-vitro aerosolisation performance in DPI formulations.
Conclusions
Monohydrate and anhydrous crystals of IB exhibited similar mechanical properties and interfacial properties upon secondary processing. As a result, the performance of the DPI formulations were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeep Shur
- Pharmaceutical Surface Science Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, Oxford, UK
| | - Harshal A Kubavat
- Pharmaceutical Surface Science Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Robert Price
- Pharmaceutical Surface Science Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, Oxford, UK
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Kasawar GB, Farooqui M. Development and validation of a stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of related substances of albuterol sulfate and ipratropium bromide in nasal solution. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 52:19-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Moraine JJ, Truflandier K, Vandenbergen N, Berré J, Mélot C, Vincent JL. Placement of the nebulizer before the humidifier during mechanical ventilation: Effect on aerosol delivery. Heart Lung 2009; 38:435-9. [PMID: 19755194 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic aerosols are commonly used in mechanically ventilated patients. The position of the nebulizer in the ventilator circuit and the humidification of inhaled gases can influence the efficiency of aerosol delivery. We evaluated the effect of nebulizer position on the pulmonary bioavailability of nebulized ipratropium in ventilated patients without known preexisting respiratory disease. METHODS The study included 38 mechanically ventilated and sedated patients after open heart surgery. Ipratropium (500 microg) was delivered by an ultrasonic nebulizer. Patients were randomized into 2 groups: the nebulizer positioned before the heat humidification system (group 1, n = 19) or at the end of the inspiratory limb before the Y-piece (group 2, n = 19). The amount of ipratropium in the urine collected during the 4 hours after drug administration was measured by mass spectrometry. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in tidal volume or respiratory rate between groups. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the amount of drug excreted (group 1 vs 2: 13,237 +/- 2313 pg/mL vs 15,529 +/- 3204 pg/mL) or in pulmonary bioavailability (.9% +/- .1% vs 1.1% +/- .2%). CONCLUSION The position of the nebulizer in the ventilatory circuit had no effect on the pulmonary bioavailability of ipratropium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Moraine
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Free Universite' libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
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Determination of tropicamide and its major impurity in raw material by the HPLC-DAD analysis and identification of this impurity using the off-line HPLC–FT-IR coupling. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 49:214-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mutic JJ, Nikolic-Mandic SD, Lolic AD, Manojlovic DD. Determination of iodide and bromide by flow methods with amperometric detection. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934808090207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tsyskovskaia I, Kandil M, Beaumier Y. Synthesis of Ipratropium Bromide–Related Compounds. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910601039119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yves Beaumier
- a Pharmascience Inc. , Saint‐Laurent, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Gupta A, Myrdal PB. On-line high-performance liquid chromatography method for analyte quantitation from pressurized metered dose inhalers. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1033:101-6. [PMID: 15072294 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and rapid, on-line reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for quantitation of compounds at low concentrations in pressurized metered dose inhaler (MDI) systems was developed. Traditional methods for the quantitation of compounds in MDI formulations involve the opening of the MDI vial along with sample dilution prior to quantitation. The new method, reported in this study, involves a direct injection from the MDI vial into the needle injector port of a manual injector. Since there is no dilution step involved, this method can be used to quantitate low concentrations of compounds in MDIs with excellent precision. In addition, since the method requires a small injection volume of 5 microl, repeated analyses can be performed in order to generate multiple data points using the same MDI vial. Validation of the method was performed using ethanol-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (134a)-based MDIs. Beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), a corticosteroid used for the treatment of asthma, was used as a model compound. Phase separation studies were conducted to investigate the miscibility of the ethanol-134a mixtures with different mobile phase solvent compositions. For the MDI systems in this study, an acetonitrile-water (90:10, v/v) mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.9 ml/min was found to give acceptable chromatography for BDP on a Apollo C18 5 microm, 150 mm x 4.6 mm column (Alltech Associates, Deerfield, IL, USA). Ultraviolet detection was done at 240 nm and the retention time of BDP was 2.7 min. The on-line HPLC method was characterized to be accurate, precise, sensitive, and specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gupta
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721-0207, USA.
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Nageswara Rao R, Nagaraju V. An overview of the recent trends in development of HPLC methods for determination of impurities in drugs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 33:335-77. [PMID: 14550856 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An extensive survey of the literature published in various analytical and pharmaceutical chemistry related journals has been conducted and the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods which were developed and used for determination of process-related impurities in drugs have been reviewed. This review covers the time period from 1995 to 2001 during which around 450 analytical methods including all types of chromatographic and hyphenated techniques were reported. HPLC with UV detection was found to be the technique of choice for many workers and more than 200 methods were developed using LC-UV alone. A critical analysis of the reported data has been carried out and the present state-of-art of HPLC for determination of impurities of analgesic, antibiotic, anti-viral, anti-hypertensive, anti-depressant, gastro-intestinal and anti-neoplastic agents has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nageswara Rao
- HPLC Group, Analytical Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India.
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H Abdine F Belal H, A Al-Badr A. Ipratropium bromide: analytical methods. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2003; 30:101-116. [PMID: 22469542 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-5428(03)30005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heba H Abdine F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry College of Pharmacy King Saud University P.O. Box 2457 Riyadh - 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Bakshi M, Singh S. Development of validated stability-indicating assay methods--critical review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 28:1011-40. [PMID: 12049968 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This write-up provides a review on the development of validated stability-indicating assay methods (SIAMs) for drug substances and products. The shortcomings of reported methods with respect to regulatory requirements are highlighted. A systematic approach for the development of stability-indicating methods is discussed. Critical issues related to development of SIAMs, such as separation of all degradation products, establishment of mass balance, stress testing of formulations, development of SIAMs for combination products, etc. are also addressed. The applicability of pharmacopoeial methods for the analysis of stability samples is discussed. The requirements of SIAMs for stability study of biotechnological substances and products are also touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bakshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, Mohali, India
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Gilpin
- College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
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