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Dutta SB, Krishna H, Khan KM, Gupta S, Majumder SK. Fluorescence photobleaching of urine for improved signal to noise ratio of the Raman signal - An exploratory study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 247:119144. [PMID: 33188968 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Urine analysis is an important clinical test routinely performed in pathology labs for disease diagnosis and prognosis. In recent years, near-infrared Raman spectroscopy has drawn considerable attention for urine analysis as it can provide rapid, reliable, and reagent-free analysis of urine samples. However, one important practical problem encountered in such Raman measurements is the orders of magnitude stronger spectral background preventing one to utilize the full dynamic range of the detector which is required for the measurement of Raman signal with good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We report here the results of an exploratory study carried out on human urine samples to show that the photobleaching, which is a major disadvantage during the fluorescence measurement, could be utilized for suppressing the measured background to improve the SNR of the Raman peaks. It was found that once the photobleaching reached its plateau, there were improvements by ~67% and ~47% in the SNR and the signal to background ratio (SBR), respectively, of the Raman signals as compared to the spectra measured at the start of acquisition. Further, the reduced background also allowed us to utilize the full dynamic range of the detector at increased integration time without saturating the detector indicating the possibility of obtaining an improved detection limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surjendu Bikash Dutta
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India; Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India
| | - Hemant Krishna
- Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Khan Mohammad Khan
- Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sharad Gupta
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering & Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Shovan Kumar Majumder
- Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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Liu G, Luan B, Liang G, Xing L, Huang L, Wang C, Xu Y. Isolation and identification of four major impurities in capreomycin sulfate. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1571:155-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cox G, Koteva K, Wright GD. An unusual class of anthracyclines potentiate Gram-positive antibiotics in intrinsically resistant Gram-negative bacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:1844-55. [PMID: 24627312 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An orthogonal approach taken towards novel antibacterial drug discovery involves the identification of small molecules that potentiate or enhance the activity of existing antibacterial agents. This study aimed to identify natural-product rifampicin adjuvants in the intrinsically resistant organism Escherichia coli. METHODS E. coli BW25113 was screened against 1120 actinomycete fermentation extracts in the presence of subinhibitory (2 mg/L) concentrations of rifampicin. The active molecule exhibiting the greatest rifampicin potentiation was isolated using activity-guided methods and identified using mass and NMR spectroscopy. Susceptibility testing and biochemical assays were used to determine the mechanism of antibiotic potentiation. RESULTS The anthracycline Antibiotic 301A(1) was isolated from the fermentation broth of a strain of Streptomyces (WAC450); the molecule was shown to be highly synergistic with rifampicin (fractional inhibitory concentration index = 0.156) and moderately synergistic with linezolid (FIC index = 0.25) in both E. coli and Acinetobacter baumannii. Activity was associated with inhibition of efflux and the synergistic phenotype was lost when tested against E. coli harbouring mutations within the rpoB gene. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that other anthracyclines do not synergize with rifampicin and removal of the sugar moiety of Antibiotic 301A(1) abolishes activity. CONCLUSIONS Screening only a subsection of our natural product library identified a small-molecule antibiotic adjuvant capable of sensitizing Gram-negative bacteria to antibiotics to which they are ordinarily intrinsically resistant. This result demonstrates the great potential of this approach in expanding antibiotic effectiveness in the face of the growing challenge of resistance in Gram-negatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Cox
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Kalinka Koteva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Gerard D Wright
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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Impurity profiling of capreomycin using dual liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Talanta 2012; 100:113-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Attia MS, Essawy AA, Youssef AO, Mostafa MS. Determination of Ofloxacin using a Highly Selective Photo Probe Based on the Enhancement of the Luminescence Intensity of Eu3+—Ofloxacin Complex in Pharmaceutical and Serum Samples. J Fluoresc 2011; 22:557-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-011-0989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Mallampati S, Huang S, Ashenafi D, Van Hemelrijck E, Hoogmartens J, Adams E. Development and validation of a liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of capreomycin sulfate and its related substances. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2449-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chen L, Wang X, Zhao H, Wang K, Jin L. Flow-injection chemiluminescence determination of ofloxacin using the Ru(bpy)2(CIP)2+−Ce(IV) system and its application. LUMINESCENCE 2008; 23:309-15. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Rossi C, Fardella G, Chiappini I, Perioli L, Vescovi C, Ricci M, Giovagnoli S, Scuota S. UV spectroscopy and reverse-phase HPLC as novel methods to determine Capreomycin of liposomal fomulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 36:249-55. [PMID: 15496317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2004] [Revised: 06/21/2004] [Accepted: 06/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Capreomycin (CS) is an antitubercular drug active against several Mycobacterium strains, in particular, against M. Avium. In spite of its activity, it is considered a second line drug because it can induce severe renal and hepatic damages when administered as free drug. However, it is possible to employ drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, to reduce the toxicity of the peptide without loss of its biological activity. For this purpose, appropriately validated time and money saving analytical methods are needed for a careful capreomycin dosage. In the present paper, UV spectroscopy and a reverse-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) were investigated as alternative methods for capreomycin quantitative analysis. These techniques were validated against the USP XXVI microbiological turbidimetric assay and the normal-phase HPLC (NP-HPLC) method reported in the British Pharmacopoeia 2003. The results obtained showed that either UV spectrophotometry or RP-HPLC are techniques having higher accuracy and reproducibility with respect to the microbiological assay. Moreover, the RP-HPLC method provided improved performances if compared to NP-HPLC. In fact, RP-HPLC showed: (i) enhanced sensitivity and (ii) increased resolution. Thus we propose RP-HPLC and UV as valid alternative methods to the conventional procedures for capreomycin quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Rossi
- Department of Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Via del Liceo 1, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Furlanetto S, Orlandini S, Porta EL, Coran S, Pinzauti S. Optimization and validation of a CZE method for rufloxacin hydrochloride determination in coated tablets. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 28:1161-71. [PMID: 12049980 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid capillary electrophoresis method with UV detection was developed and validated for the determination of rufloxacin hydrochloride in coated tablets. An experimental design strategy (Doehlert design and desirability function) allowed the analytical parameters to be simultaneously optimized in order to determine rufloxacin hydrochloride with high peak area/migration time ratio, good efficiency and short analysis time. Optimized analyses were run using boric acid 0.10 M adjusted to pH 8.8 as BGE and setting voltage and temperature at 18 kV and 27 degrees C, respectively. Pefloxacin mesylate was used as internal standard and run time was about three minutes. The method was validated for the drug substance and the drug product according to the ICH3 guidelines. Robustness was tested by experimental design using an eight-run Plackett-Burman matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Furlanetto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. Capponi 9, Florence, Italy.
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Abstract
A simple, sensitive and specific agar diffusion bioassay for the antibacterial ofloxacin was developed using a strain of Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 as the test organism, ofloxacin at concentration ranging 12-27 microg ml(-1) could be measured in injection. A prospective validation of the method showed that method was linear (r=0.9994) and precise (CV=1.14). UV spectrophotometric and high performance liquid chromatographic techniques were chosen as a comparison methods for the determination of ofloxacin. The results obtained by three methods were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the results obtained indicate that there is no significant difference among these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiane da Silveira Ev
- Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Rua Domingos Barroso, 51, Saramenha, CEP 35.400-000, MG, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
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Abstract
The broad category of antibiotics encompasses some of the most widely prescribed pharmaceuticals in the world. As is the case with any pharmaceutical, an antibiotic must be characterized in terms of its potency and the presence and quantity of impurities. Additionally, any residue or metabolite that may be present as a result of its use must be monitored. Many capillary electrophoretic techniques have been utilized in the analysis of antibiotics, addressing the various aspects of quantifying, profiling, and monitoring. Some of the more recent applications are summarized in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Flurer
- Forensic Chemistry Center, US Food and Drug Administration, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA.
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