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Ahmad I, Sheraz MA, Ahmed S, Anwar Z. Multicomponent spectrometric analysis of drugs and their preparations. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2019; 44:379-413. [PMID: 31029223 DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical preparations may contain a single ingredient or multi-ingredients as well as excipients. In multicomponent systems, specific analytical methods are required to determine the concentrations of individual components in the presence of interfering substances. Ultraviolet and visible spectrometric methods have widely been developed for the analysis of drugs in mixtures and pharmaceutical preparations. These methods are based on ultraviolet and visible multicomponent analysis and chemometrics (multivariate data analysis). The commonly used chemometric methods include principal component analysis (PCA); regression involving classical least squares (CLS), partial least squares (PLS), inverse least squares (ILS), principal component regression (PCR), multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural networks (ANNs); soft independent modeling of class anthology (SIMCA), PLS-discriminant analysis (DA); and functional data analysis (FDA). In this chapter, the applications of multicomponent ultraviolet and visible, derivative, infrared and mass spectrometric and spectrofluorimetric methods to the analysis of multi-ingredient pharmaceutical preparations, biological samples and the kinetics of drug degradation have been reviewed. Chemometric methods provide an efficient solution to calibration problems in the analysis of spectral data for the simultaneous determination of drugs in multicomponent systems. These methods facilitate the assessment of product quality and enhance the efficiency of quality control systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Ahmad
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Sheraz
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sofia Ahmed
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Anwar
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Hemdan A. Development and validation of different methods manipulating zero order and first order spectra for determination of the partially overlapped mixture benazepril and amlodipine: A comparative study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 164:52-60. [PMID: 27078209 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Three simple, selective, and accurate spectrophotometric methods have been developed and then validated for the analysis of Benazepril (BENZ) and Amlodipine (AML) in bulk powder and pharmaceutical dosage form. The first method is the absorption factor (AF) for zero order and amplitude factor (P-F) for first order spectrum, where both BENZ and AML can be measured from their resolved zero order spectra at 238nm or from their first order spectra at 253nm. The second method is the constant multiplication coupled with constant subtraction (CM-CS) for zero order and successive derivative subtraction-constant multiplication (SDS-CM) for first order spectrum, where both BENZ and AML can be measured from their resolved zero order spectra at 240nm and 238nm, respectively, or from their first order spectra at 214nm and 253nm for Benazepril and Amlodipine respectively. The third method is the novel constant multiplication coupled with derivative zero crossing (CM-DZC) which is a stability indicating assay method for determination of Benazepril and Amlodipine in presence of the main degradation product of Benazepril which is Benazeprilate (BENZT). The three methods were validated as per the ICH guidelines and the standard curves were found to be linear in the range of 5-60μg/mL for Benazepril and 5-30 for Amlodipine, with well accepted mean correlation coefficient for each analyte. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy results were well within the acceptable limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hemdan
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th October, Egypt.
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Galal A, Atta NF, Azab SM, Ibrahim AH. Electroanalysis of Benazepril Hydrochloride Antihypertensive Drug Using an Ionic Liquid Crystal Modified Carbon Paste Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Tawakkol SM, Farouk M, Elaziz OA, Hemdan A, Shehata MA. Comparative study between univariate spectrophotometry and multivariate calibration as analytical tools for simultaneous quantitation of Moexipril and Hydrochlorothiazide. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 133:300-306. [PMID: 24954754 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Three simple, accurate, reproducible, and selective methods have been developed and subsequently validated for the simultaneous determination of Moexipril (MOX) and Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in pharmaceutical dosage form. The first method is the new extended ratio subtraction method (EXRSM) coupled to ratio subtraction method (RSM) for determination of both drugs in commercial dosage form. The second and third methods are multivariate calibration which include Principal Component Regression (PCR) and Partial Least Squares (PLSs). A detailed validation of the methods was performed following the ICH guidelines and the standard curves were found to be linear in the range of 10-60 and 2-30 for MOX and HCTZ in EXRSM method, respectively, with well accepted mean correlation coefficient for each analyte. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy results were well within the acceptable limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen M Tawakkol
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Farouk
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar Abd Elaziz
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A Hemdan
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa A Shehata
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Naguib IA, Abdelaleem EA, Draz ME, Zaazaa HE. Linear support vector regression and partial least squares chemometric models for determination of Hydrochlorothiazide and Benazepril hydrochloride in presence of related impurities: a comparative study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 130:350-356. [PMID: 24802720 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector regression (SVR) are two popular chemometric models that are being subjected to a comparative study in the presented work. The comparison shows their characteristics via applying them to analyze Hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ) and Benazepril hydrochloride (BZ) in presence of HCZ impurities; Chlorothiazide (CT) and Salamide (DSA) as a case study. The analysis results prove to be valid for analysis of the two active ingredients in raw materials and pharmaceutical dosage form through handling UV spectral data in range (220-350 nm). For proper analysis a 4 factor 4 level experimental design was established resulting in a training set consisting of 16 mixtures containing different ratios of interfering species. An independent test set consisting of 8 mixtures was used to validate the prediction ability of the suggested models. The results presented indicate the ability of mentioned multivariate calibration models to analyze HCZ and BZ in presence of HCZ impurities CT and DSA with high selectivity and accuracy of mean percentage recoveries of (101.01±0.80) and (100.01±0.87) for HCZ and BZ respectively using PLSR model and of (99.78±0.80) and (99.85±1.08) for HCZ and BZ respectively using SVR model. The analysis results of the dosage form were statistically compared to the reference HPLC method with no significant differences regarding accuracy and precision. SVR model gives more accurate results compared to PLSR model and show high generalization ability, however, PLSR still keeps the advantage of being fast to optimize and implement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Naguib
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62111 Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Eglal A Abdelaleem
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62111 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohammed E Draz
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hala E Zaazaa
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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Naguib IA, Abdelaleem EA, Zaazaa HE, Draz ME. Simultaneous Determination of Hydrochlorothiazide and Benazepril Hydrochloride or Amiloride Hydrochloride in Presence of Hydrochlorothiazide Impurities: Chlorothiazide and Salamide by HPTLC Method. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:183-8. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Farouk M, Elaziz OA, Tawakkol SM, Hemdan A, Shehata MA. Comparative study between univariate spectrophotometry and multivariate calibration as analytical tools for quantitation of Benazepril alone and in combination with Amlodipine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 123:473-481. [PMID: 24424258 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Four simple, accurate, reproducible, and selective methods have been developed and subsequently validated for the determination of Benazepril (BENZ) alone and in combination with Amlodipine (AML) in pharmaceutical dosage form. The first method is pH induced difference spectrophotometry, where BENZ can be measured in presence of AML as it showed maximum absorption at 237nm and 241nm in 0.1N HCl and 0.1N NaOH, respectively, while AML has no wavelength shift in both solvents. The second method is the new Extended Ratio Subtraction Method (EXRSM) coupled to Ratio Subtraction Method (RSM) for determination of both drugs in commercial dosage form. The third and fourth methods are multivariate calibration which include Principal Component Regression (PCR) and Partial Least Squares (PLSs). A detailed validation of the methods was performed following the ICH guidelines and the standard curves were found to be linear in the range of 2-30μg/mL for BENZ in difference and extended ratio subtraction spectrophotometric method, and 5-30 for AML in EXRSM method, with well accepted mean correlation coefficient for each analyte. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy results were well within the acceptable limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farouk
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar Abd Elaziz
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen M Tawakkol
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A Hemdan
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th October, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa A Shehata
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ramadan N, Mohamed H, Mostafa A. Chromatographic methods for the simultaneous determination of metoprolol tartrate and hydrochlorothiazide in the presence of hydrochlorothiazide degradation product. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.26.2013.6.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chen K, Zhang J, Liu S, Zhang D, Teng Y, Wei C, Wang B, Liu X, Yuan G, Zhang R, Zhao W, Guo R. Simultaneous determination of lercanidipine, benazepril and benazeprilat in plasma by LC–MS/MS and its application to a toxicokinetics study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 899:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Santhana Lakshmi K, Lakshmi S. Simultaneous Analysis of Losartan Potassium, Amlodipine Besylate, and Hydrochlorothiazide in Bulk and in Tablets by High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography with UV-Absorption Densitometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:108281. [PMID: 22567550 PMCID: PMC3335319 DOI: 10.1155/2012/108281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A Simple high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for separation and quantitative analysis of losartan potassium, amlodipine, and hydrochlorothiazide in bulk and in pharmaceutical formulations has been established and validated. After extraction with methanol, sample and standard solutions were applied to silica gel plates and developed with chloroform : methanol : acetone : formic acid 7.5 : 1.3 : 0.5 : 0.03 (v/v/v/v) as mobile phase. Zones were scanned densitometrically at 254 nm. The R(f) values of amlodipine besylate, hydrochlorothiazide, and losartan potassium were 0.35, 0.57, and 0.74, respectively. Calibration plots were linear in the ranges 500-3000 ng per spot for losartan potassium, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide, the correlation coefficients, r, were 0.998, 0.998, and 0.999, respectively. The suitability of this method for quantitative determination of these compounds was by validation in accordance with the requirements of pharmaceutical regulatory standards. The method can be used for routine analysis of these drugs in bulk and in formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sivasubramanian Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM University, Tamilnadu, Kattankulathur 603 203, India
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Youssef AO. Spectrofluorimetric Assessment of Hydrochlorothiazide Using Optical Sensor Nano-Composite Terbium Ion Doped in Sol-Gel Matrix. J Fluoresc 2011; 22:827-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-011-1017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Lakshmi K, Lakshmi S. Design and optimization of a chemometric-assisted spectrophotometric determination of telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical dosage form. J Young Pharm 2011; 2:85-9. [PMID: 21331198 PMCID: PMC3035893 DOI: 10.4103/0975-1483.62224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two chemometric methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide. The chemometric methods applied were principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS-1). These approaches were successfully applied to quantify the two drugs in the mixture using the information included in the UV absorption spectra of appropriate solutions in the range of 200-350 nm with the intervals Δλ = 1 nm. The calibration of PCR and PLS-1 models was evaluated by internal validation (prediction of compounds in its own designed training set of calibration) and by external validation over laboratory prepared mixtures and pharmaceutical preparations. The PCR and PLS-1 methods require neither any separation step, nor any prior graphical treatment of the overlapping spectra of the two drugs in a mixture. The results of PCR and PLS-1 methods were compared with each other and a good agreement was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ks Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM University, Kattankulathur - 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
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Carlucci G, Di Federico L, Iuliani P. Simultaneous Determination of Zofenopril and Hydrochlorothiazide in Tablets Using Derivative UV Spectrophotometry. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032711003731415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bari PD, Rote AR. RP-LC and HPTLC Methods for the Determination of Olmesartan Medoxomil and Hydrochlorothiazide in Combined Tablet Dosage Forms. Chromatographia 2009; 69:1469-1472. [PMID: 19568313 PMCID: PMC2701495 DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Two new, rapid, precise, accurate and specific chromatographic methods were described for the simultaneous determination of olmesartan medoxomil and hydrochlorothiazide in combined tablet dosage forms. The first method was based on reversed phase liquid chromatography using an Eurosphere 100 RP C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm ID, 5 mum). The mobile phase was methanol-0.05% o-phosphoric acid (60:40 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min(-1). Commercially available tablets and laboratory mixtures containing both drugs were assayed and detected using a UV detector at 270 nm. The second method involved silica gel 60 F(254) high performance thin layer chromatography and densitometric detection at 254 nm using acetonitrile-ethyl acetate-glacial acid (7:3:0.4 v/v/v) as the mobile phase. Calibration curves ranged between 200-600 and 125-375 ng spot(-1) for olmesartan and hydrochlorothiazide, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. D. Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MGV’s Pharmacy College Panchavati, New Mumbai Agra Road, Nashik, Maharashtra 422003 India
| | - A. R. Rote
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MGV’s Pharmacy College Panchavati, New Mumbai Agra Road, Nashik, Maharashtra 422003 India
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Wang XD, Chan E, Chen X, Liao XX, Tang C, Zhou ZW, Huang M, Zhou SF. Simultaneous and rapid quantitation of benazepril and benazeprilat in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 44:224-30. [PMID: 17289327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Revised: 01/06/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with ultraviolet (UV) detector was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of benazepril (BZL) and its active metabolite, benazeprilat (BZT), in human plasma. The plasma sample, after spiked with riluzole as an internal standard (IS), was subjected to a solid-phase extraction (SPE) prior to a HPLC analysis. Chromatographic separations were achieved on a Hypersil BDS C(18) (300 mm x 4.6mm, 5 microm). The mobile phase consisted of phosphate buffer (pH 2.6; 10mM) and acetonitrile mixture in a gradient mode. Detection was carried out at a wavelength of 237 nm. The retention times of BZL, BZT and IS were at about 6.2, 15.4 and 16.2 min, respectively. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 20-2000 ng/mL for both BZL and BZT (r(2)>0.997). At three quality control concentrations of 100, 500, and 1500 ng/mL, the intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviation ranged from 2.8 to 8.6% for BZL and from 2.2 to 8.5% for BZT, while the mean absolute percentage error ranged from -7.5 to 6.7% for BZL and from -6.0 to 3.2% for BZT. The limit of detection (LOD) was 10 ng/mL and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 20 ng/mL for both BZL and BZT in human plasma. The method was successfully applied to bioequivalence evaluation of benazepril hydrochloride formulations in healthy Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ding Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Özkan SA. SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF LOSARTAN POTASSIUM AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE FROM TABLETS AND HUMAN SERUM BY RP-HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100105145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sibel A. Özkan
- a Faculty of Pharmacy (Eczacilik Fakultesi), Department of Analytical Chemistry , Ankara University , 06100, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
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Dinç E. SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF BENAZEPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS BY THREE CHEMOMETRIC TECHNIQUES. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120004553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Özkan SA, Akay C, Cevheroglu Ş, Şentürk Z. RAPID AND ACCURATE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF FOSINOPRIL SODIUM AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE IN TABLETS BY HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100103424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sibel A. Özkan
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry , Ankara University , Ankara , 06100 , Turkey
| | - Cemal Akay
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Gülhane Military Medical Academy , Ankara , 6018 , Turkey
| | | | - Zühre Şentürk
- c Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry , Gazi University , Ankara , 06330 , Turkey
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Bebawy LI, Abbas SS, Fattah LA, Refaat HH. Application of first-derivative, ratio derivative spectrophotometry, TLC-densitometry and spectrofluorimetry for the simultaneous determination of telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical dosage forms and plasma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 60:859-67. [PMID: 16129437 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2005.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2004] [Revised: 04/05/2005] [Accepted: 06/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Four sensitive methods are described for the direct determination of telmisartan (TELM) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in combined dosage forms without prior separation. The first method is a first derivative spectophotometry (1D) using a zero- crossing technique of measurement at 241.6 and 227.6 nm for TELM and HCT, respectively. The second method is the first derivative of ratio spectrophotometry (1DD) where the amplitudes were measured at 242.7 nm for TELM and 274.9 nm for HCT. The third method is based on TLC separation of the two drugs followed by the densitometric measurements of their spots at 295 and 225 nm for TELM and HCT, respectively. The separation was carried out on silica gel 60 F254 using butanol: ammonia 25% (8:2 v/v) as mobile phase. The fourth method is spectrofluorimetric determination of TELM, depending on measuring the native fluorescence of the drug in 1 M sodium hydroxide at lambda excitation 230 nm and emission at 365 nm. The proposed methods were applied successfully for the determination of the two drugs in bulk powder and in pharmaceutical formulations. The spectrofluorimetric method was utilized for the analysis of TELM in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lories I Bebawy
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research, 6 Hussein Kamal-El-Deen, Ben-El-Saraiat, Dokki, Gizza 12311, Egypt
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Naidu KR, Kale UN, Shingare MS. Stability indicating RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of amlodipine and benazepril hydrochloride from their combination drug product. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 39:147-55. [PMID: 15939562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2004] [Revised: 04/03/2005] [Accepted: 04/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A stability indicating reversed-phase HPLC method has been developed and subsequently validated for simultaneous estimation of amlodipine (AM) present as amlodipine besylate (AB), and benazepril hydrochloride (BH) from their combination product. The proposed RP-HPLC method utilizes a Zorbax SB C18, 5 microm, 250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d. column, mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the proportion of 65:35 (v/v) with apparent pH adjusted to 7.0, and UV detection at 240 nm using a photodiode array detector. AB, BH, and their combination drug product were exposed to thermal, photolytic, hydrolytic, and oxidative stress conditions, and the stressed samples were analysed by the proposed method. Peak homogeneity data of AM and BH peaks obtained using photodiode array detector, in the stressed sample chromatograms, demonstrated the specificity of the method for their estimation in presence of degradants. The described method was linear over a range of 6-14 microg/ml for AM and 12-28 microg/ml for BH. The mean recoveries were 99.91 and 100.53% for AM and BH, respectively. F-test and t-test at 95% confidence level were used to check the intermediate precision data obtained under different experimental setups; the calculated value was found to be less than critical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Raghu Naidu
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B.A. Marathwada University, University Campus, Aurangabad, India
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El-Sayed AAY, El-Salem NA. Recent Developments of Derivative Spectrophotometry and Their Analytical Applications. ANAL SCI 2005; 21:595-614. [PMID: 15984192 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Articles about the development of derivative spectrophotometric methods and analytical applications of derivative spectrophotometry (DS) published in the last nine years (since 1994) are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Aziz Y El-Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, Egypt.
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Belal F, Abdine HH, Al-Badr AA. Benazepril hydrochloride: comprehensive profile. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2005; 31:117-161. [PMID: 22469039 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-5428(04)31003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry College of Pharmacy, King Saud University P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh-11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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23
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Bosch Ojeda C, Sanchez Rojas F. Recent developments in derivative ultraviolet/visible absorption spectrophotometry. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Dinç E, Ustündağ O. Spectophotometric quantitative resolution of hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone in tablets by chemometric analysis methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 58:1151-61. [PMID: 14572866 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2003.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Spectrophotometric simultaneous determination of hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone in tablets was performed by classical least-squares (CLS), inverse least-squares (ILS), principal component regression (PCR) and partial least-squares (PLS). The methods of the chemometric analysis do not require sample pretreatment procedure. A training set of 25 standard mixture containing both drugs was prepared in the concentration range of 2-20 mug/ml according to mixture design. The multivarate calibrations were obtained by measuring the zero-order and first-derivative absorbances at 15 points from 220 to 290 nm using the training set. The validation of the multivariate methods was realised by analysing the synthetic mixtures of hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone. The result obtained on the synthetic mixture and tablets were statistically compared by the one-way ANOVA test. The chemometrics analysis methods were satisfactorily applied to the simultaneous determination of hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone in the pharmaceutical tablet formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Dinç
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey.
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25
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Ertürk S, Cetin SM, Atmaca S. Simultaneous determination of moexipril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide in tablets by derivative spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 33:505-11. [PMID: 14550868 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two new simple and selective assay methods have been presented for the binary mixtures of moexipril hydrochloride (MOEX) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in pharmaceutical formulations. The first method depends on second-derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry with zero-crossing measurements at 215 and 234 nm for MOEX and HCTZ, respectively. The assay was linear over the concentration ranges 1.0-11.0 microg ml(-1) for MOEX and 0.5-9.0 microg ml(-1) for HCTZ. The determination limits for MOEX and HCTZ were found to be 1.0 and 0.5 microg ml(-1), respectively; while the detection limits were 0.2 microg ml(-1) for MOEX and 0.1 microg ml(-1) for HCTZ. The second method was based on isocratic reversed-phase liquid chromatography by using a mobile phase acetonitrile-20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 4.0) (50:50, v/v). Lisinopril was used as an internal standard (IS) and the substances were detected at 212 nm. The linearity range for both drugs was 0.5-12.0 microg ml(-1). The determination and detection limits were found to be 0.100 and 0.010 microg ml(-1) for MOEX and 0.025 and 0.005 microg ml(-1) for HCTZ, respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of these drugs in synthetic mixtures and commercially available tablets with a high percentage recovery, good accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidika Ertürk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116, Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey.
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26
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Joseph-Charles J, Brault S, Boyer C, Langlois MH, Cabrero L, Dubost JP. Simultaneous Determination of Irbesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide in Tablets by Derivative Spectrophotometry. ANAL LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120024337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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27
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Bıryol İ, Erk N. Voltammetric, Spectrophotometric, and High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Olanzapine. ANAL LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120024338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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28
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Dinç E, Baleanu D. Spectrophotometric quantitative determination of cilazapril and hydrochlorothiazide in tablets by chemometric methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 30:715-23. [PMID: 12367697 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Four chemometric methods were applied to simultaneous determination of cilazapril and hydrochlorothiazide in tablets. Classical least-square (CLS), inverse least-square (ILS), principal component regression (PCR) and partial least-squares (PLS) methods do not need any priori graphical treatment of the overlapping spectra of two drugs in a mixture. For all chemometric calibrations a concentration set of the random mixture consisting of the two drugs in 0.1 M HCI and methanol (1:1) was prepared. The absorbance data in the UV-Vis spectra were measured for the 15 wavelength points (from 222 to 276 nm) in the spectral region 210-290 nm considering the intervals of deltalambda = 4 nm. The calibration of the investigated methods involves only absorbance and concentration data matrices. The developed calibrations were tested for the synthetic mixtures consisting of two drugs and using the Maple V software the chemometric calculations were performed. The results of the methods were compared each other as well as with HPLC method and a good agreement was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Dinç
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ankara, 06100, Tandoğan, Ankara, Turkey.
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29
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Dinç E, Ustündağ O. Chemometric resolution of a mixture containing hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride by absorption and derivative spectrophotometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 29:371-9. [PMID: 12062699 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Four chemometric techniques, classical least squares (CLS) and inverse least squares (ILS) and principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were applied to the absorption and derivative spectrophotometric determinations of amiloride and hydrochlorothiazide in a pharmaceutical preparation. Four chemometric calibrations for both zero-order and first derivative spectra were constructed by measuring the absorbance and their dA/dlambda values at 34 points in the wavelength range 205-395 nm for a training set containing 2-10 microg/ml amiloride and 4-28 microg/ml hydrochlorothiazide corresponding to 25 point mixture design. The building chemometric calibrations were confirmed by using the synthetic mixtures containing two drugs. The results obtained by the proposed techniques based on the use of the measurements at the absorption spectra and at the first derivative spectra were statistically compared with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Dinç
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ankara, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey.
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30
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Albero I, Ródenas V, García S, Sánchez-Pedreño C. Determination of irbesartan in the presence of hydrochlorothiazide by derivative spectrophotometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 29:299-305. [PMID: 12062690 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A first-derivative spectrophotometric method for the determination of irbesartan (IRB) alone and in the presence of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) is described. Measurements are made at the zero-crossing wavelength at 263.0 nm for IRB. The calibration graph was linear over the range 1.0-12.0 mg l(-1) of IRB, detection limit was 0.15 mg l(-1). HCT, in the presence of IRB was determined by direct spectrophotometric method at 317 nm. The calibration graph was linear over the range 2.0-50.0 mg l(-1) of HCT, detection limit was 0.25 mg l(-1). The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determinations of IRB and HCT in combined tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Albero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
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31
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Erk N. Simultaneous determination of fosinopril and hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical formulations by spectrophotometric methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 27:901-12. [PMID: 11836054 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three new spectrophotometric procedures for the simultaneous determination of fosinopril and hydrochlorothiazide are described. The first method, derivative-differential spectrophotometry, comprised of measurement of the difference absorptivities derivatized in the first-order (DeltaD(1)) of a tablet extract in 0.1 N NaOH relative to that of an equimolar solution in methanol at wavelengths of 227.6 and 276.4 nm, respectively. The second method, depends on the application ratio spectra derivative spectrophotometric method to resolve the interferance due to spectral overlapping. The analytical signals were measured at 237.9, 243.8 nm for fosinopril and 262.4, 269.3 and 278.6 nm for hydrochlorothiazide in the binary mixture, in the first derivative of the ratio spectra of the mixture solutions in methanol. Calibration graphs were established for 4.0-50.0 microg ml(-1) fosinopril and 2.0-14.0 microg ml(-1) hydrochlorothiazide in binary mixture. The third method, absorbance ratio method, the determination of fosinopril and hydrochlorothiazide was performed by using the absorbances read at 210.0, 219.5 and 271.7 nm in the zero-order spectra of their mixture. The developed methods were compared with absorbance ratio method. Application of the suggested procedures were successfully applied to the determination of this compound in synthetic mixtures and in pharmaceutical preparations, with high percentage of recovery, good accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Erk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ankara, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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32
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33
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Khalil S, Abd El-Aliem S. Potentiometric and thermal studies of a coated-wire benazepril-selective electrode. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 27:25-9. [PMID: 11682207 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A coated-wire benazepril-selective electrode based on incorporation of the benazepril-tetraphenylborate ion pair in a poly(vinylchloride) coating membrane was constructed. The influences of membrane composition, temperature, pH of the test solution, and foreign ions on the electrode performance were investigated. The electrode showed a Nernstian response over a benazepril concentration range of 1.26x10(-5) to 0.58x10(-2) M, at 25 degrees C, and was found to be very selective, precise, and usable within the pH range 2.5-9.2. The standard electrode potentials, E degrees, were determined at 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 degrees C, and used to calculate the isothermal temperature coefficient (dE degrees /dT) of the electrode. Temperatures higher than 45 degrees C seriously affect the electrode performance. The electrode was successfully used for potentiometric determination of benazepril hydrochloride both in pure solutions and in pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Fayoum Branch, 63514, Fayoum, Egypt
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34
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Satana E, Altinay S, Göğer NG, Ozkan SA, Sentürk Z. Simultaneous determination of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in tablets by first-derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry and LC. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2001; 25:1009-13. [PMID: 11377086 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
First-derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to determine valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide simultaneously in combined pharmaceutical dosage forms. The derivative procedure was based on the linear relationship between the drug concentration and the first derivative amplitudes at 270.6 and 335 nm for valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide, respectively. The calibration graphs were linear in the range of 12.0-36.1 microg x ml(-1) for valsartan and 4.0-12.1 microg x ml(-1) for hydrochlorothiazide. Furthermore, a high- performance liquid chromatographic procedure with ultraviolet detection at 225 nm was developed for a comparison method. For the HPLC procedure, a reversed phase column with a mobile phase of 0.02 M phosphate buffer (pH 3.2)-acetonitrile (55: 45; v/v), was used to separate for valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide. The plot of peak area ratio of each drug to the internal standard versus the respective concentrations of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide were found to be linear in the range of 0.06-1.8 and 0.07-0.5 microg x ml(-1), respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of these drugs in laboratory-prepared mixtures and commercial tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Satana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Gilpin
- College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
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36
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Vega E, Solá N. Quantitative analysis of metronidazole in intravenous admixture with ciprofloxacin by first derivative spectrophotometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2001; 25:523-30. [PMID: 11377032 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Metronidazole in parenteral admixture with ciprofloxacin was analysed by first-derivative spectrophotometry using the zero-crossing technique of measurement. The procedure did not require prior separation steps. The method was found to be linear (r(2)>0.999) in the range of 2.5-10 microg ml(-1) for metronidazole in absence or presence (at constant concentration) of ciprofloxacin. The first-derivative method was applied for the analysis of intravenous admixture of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin and proved to be rapid, accurate and reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vega
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria-5000, Córdoba, Argentina
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37
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El-Gindy A, Ashour A, Abdel-Fattah L, Shabana MM. Application of LC and HPTLC-densitometry for the simultaneous determination of benazepril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2001; 25:171-9. [PMID: 11275425 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two methods are described for the simultaneous determination of benazepril HCl and hydrochlorothiazide in binary mixture. The first method was based on HPTLC separation of the two drugs followed by densitometric measurements of their spots at 238 and 275 nm for benazepril HCl and hydrochlorothiazide, respectively. The separation was carried out on Merck HPTLC aluminum sheets of silica gel 60 F(254,) using ethyl acetate-methanol-chloroform (10:3:2 v/v) as mobile phase. Second order polynomial equation was used for the regression line in the range 2-20 and 2.5-25 microg/spot for benazepril HCl and hydrochlorothiazide, respectively. The second method was based on HPLC separation of the two drugs on reversed phase, ODS column at ambient temperature using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water (35:65 v/v) and adjusting to pH 3.3 with acetic acid. Quantitation was achieved with UV detection at 240 nm based on peak area with linear calibration curves at concentration ranges 10-60 and 12.5-75 microg ml(-1) for benazepril HCl and hydrochlorothiazide, respectively. The two proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of both drugs in laboratory prepared mixtures and in commercial tablets. No chromatographic interference from the tablets excipients was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- A El-Gindy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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38
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El-Gindy A, Ashour A, Abdel-Fattah L, Shabana MM. Spectrophotometric determination of benazepril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide in binary mixture using second derivative, second derivative of the ratio spectra and chemometric methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2001; 25:299-307. [PMID: 11275437 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Different spectrophotometric methods are presented for the simultaneous determination of benazepril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical tablets. The first method depends on second derivative (2D) ultraviolet spectrophotometry, with zero crossing and peak to base measurement. The second derivative amplitudes at 214.8 and 227.4 nm were selected for the assay of benazepril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide, respectively. The second method depends on second derivative of the ratio spectra by measurement of the amplitudes at 241.2 and 273.2 nm for benazepril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide, respectively. Chemometric methods, classical least squares and principal component regression, were applied to analyze the mixture. Both the chemometric methods were applied to the zero and first order spectra of the mixture. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of the two drugs in laboratory prepared mixtures and in commercial tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A El-Gindy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
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39
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A liquid chromatographic lon-pairing method for simultaneous determination of benazepril hydrochloride, fosinopril sodium, ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical formulations. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02490341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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