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Sreedevi PR, Suresh K. Cold atmospheric plasma mediated cell membrane permeation and gene delivery-empirical interventions and pertinence. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 320:102989. [PMID: 37677997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of genetic material to cells is an integral tool to analyze and reveal the genetic interventions in normal cellular processes and differentiation, disease development and for gene therapy. It has profound applications in pharmaceutical, agricultural, environmental and biotechnological sectors. The major methods relied for gene delivery or transfection requires either viral vectors or xenogenic carrier molecules, which renders probabilistic carcinogenic, immunogenic and toxic effects. A newly evolved physical method, Cold atmospheric plasma induced transfection neither needs vector nor carriers. The 4th state of matter 'Plasma' is a quasineutral ionized gas-containing ions, neutral atoms, electrons and reactive radical molecules; and possess electric and magnetic field, along with emanating photons and UV radiations. Plasma produced at atmospheric pressure conditions, and having room temperature is conferred as Low temperature plasma or Cold atmospheric plasma. Selective and controlled application of cold atmospheric plasma on tissues creates temporary, restorable pores on cell membranes that could be diligently manipulated for gene delivery. Research in this regard attained pace since 2016. Cold atmospheric plasma induces transfection by lipid peroxidation, electroporation, and clathrin dependent endocytosis in cell membranes, by virtue of its reactive radicals and electric field. Plasma formed reactive radicals, especially 'OH' penetrates to the cell membrane and cleaves the phosphate head group of membrane lipids, peroxidize and detaches fatty acid tails. This decreases membrane thickness, increases membrane fluidity and permeability. Simultaneously plasma formed ions, electrons and reactive radicals accumulate over cells, generating local electric field and neutralize the negative charge of cell membrane. This induces stress on cell membrane and disrupts its structural integrity, by infringing the dynamic equilibrium between surface tension, spatial repulsion and linear tension between the head groups of phospholipids, generating minute pores. Neutralization of membrane charge promote foreign, external plasmid and gene movement towards cells and its enhanced binding with ligands and receptors on cell membrane, instigating clathrin dependent endocytosis. In vitro and in vivo studies have successfully delivered plasmids, linear DNA, siRNA and miRNA to several established cell lines like, HeLa, PC12, CHL, HUVEC, Jurkat, MCF, SH-SY5Y, HT, B16F10, HaCaT, LP-1, etc., and live C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, using cold atmospheric plasma. This review delineates the cell surface mechanism of plasma-induced transfection, critically summarizes the research progress in this context, plasma devices used, and the inimitable features of this method. Metabolic activity, cell function, and viability are not adversely affected by this process; moreover, the cell permeating plasma-formed reactive radicals are effectively defended by cellular antioxidant mechanisms like superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and cytokines, alleviating its toxicity. A deeper understanding on mechanism of plasma action on cells, its aftermath, and the research status in this field would provide a better insight on future avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Sreedevi
- Cold Plasma Bio-research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - K Suresh
- Cold Plasma Bio-research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Foßelteder J, Pabst G, Sconocchia T, Schlacher A, Auinger L, Kashofer K, Beham-Schmid C, Trajanoski S, Waskow C, Schöll W, Sill H, Zebisch A, Wölfler A, Thomas D, Reinisch A. Human gene-engineered calreticulin mutant stem cells recapitulate MPN hallmarks and identify targetable vulnerabilities. Leukemia 2023; 37:843-853. [PMID: 36813992 PMCID: PMC10079532 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR) mutations present the main oncogenic drivers in JAK2 wildtype (WT) myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), including essential thrombocythemia and myelofibrosis, where mutant (MUT) CALR is increasingly recognized as a suitable mutation-specific drug target. However, our current understanding of its mechanism-of-action is derived from mouse models or immortalized cell lines, where cross-species differences, ectopic over-expression and lack of disease penetrance are hampering translational research. Here, we describe the first human gene-engineered model of CALR MUT MPN using a CRISPR/Cas9 and adeno-associated viral vector-mediated knock-in strategy in primary human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to establish a reproducible and trackable phenotype in vitro and in xenografted mice. Our humanized model recapitulates many disease hallmarks: thrombopoietin-independent megakaryopoiesis, myeloid-lineage skewing, splenomegaly, bone marrow fibrosis, and expansion of megakaryocyte-primed CD41+ progenitors. Strikingly, introduction of CALR mutations enforced early reprogramming of human HSPCs and the induction of an endoplasmic reticulum stress response. The observed compensatory upregulation of chaperones revealed novel mutation-specific vulnerabilities with preferential sensitivity of CALR mutant cells to inhibition of the BiP chaperone and the proteasome. Overall, our humanized model improves purely murine models and provides a readily usable basis for testing of novel therapeutic strategies in a human setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Foßelteder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriel Pabst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Tommaso Sconocchia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Angelika Schlacher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lisa Auinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Kashofer
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Slave Trajanoski
- Core Facility Computational Bioanalytics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Claudia Waskow
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schöll
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heinz Sill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Zebisch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Albert Wölfler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Thomas
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andreas Reinisch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. .,Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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3
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Sharma P, Kumar A, Agarwal T, Dey AD, Moghaddam FD, Rahimmanesh I, Ghovvati M, Yousefiasl S, Borzacchiello A, Mohammadi A, Yella VR, Moradi O, Sharifi E. Nucleic acid-based therapeutics for dermal wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:920-933. [PMID: 35987365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-healing wounds have long been the subject of scientific and clinical investigations. Despite breakthroughs in understanding the biology of delayed wound healing, only limited advances have been made in properly treating wounds. Recently, research into nucleic acids (NAs) such as small-interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA), plasmid DNA (pDNA), aptamers, and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) has resulted in the development of a latest therapeutic strategy for wound healing. In this regard, dendrimers, scaffolds, lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, hydrogels, and metal nanoparticles have all been explored as NA delivery techniques. However, the translational possibility of NA remains a substantial barrier. As a result, different NAs must be identified, and their distribution method must be optimized. This review explores the role of NA-based therapeutics in various stages of wound healing and provides an update on the most recent findings in the development of NA-based nanomedicine and biomaterials, which may offer the potential for the invention of novel therapies for this long-term condition. Further, the challenges and potential for miRNA-based techniques to be translated into clinical applications are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preety Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India; Government Pharmacy College Kangra, Nagrota Bhagwan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India
| | - Asmita Deka Dey
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Farnaz Dabbagh Moghaddam
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ghovvati
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Satar Yousefiasl
- School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838736, Iran
| | - Assunta Borzacchiello
- Institute for Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Abbas Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Venkata Rajesh Yella
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India
| | - Omid Moradi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, 374-37515 Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838736, Iran.
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4
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Coroadinha AS. Cancer Gene Therapy: Development and Production of Lentiviral Vectors for Gene Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2521:297-315. [PMID: 35733005 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2441-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors are among the most used vectors in gene therapy to treat pathologies of different origins, such as cancers, rare monogenic diseases or neurological disorders. This chapter provides an overview on lentiviral vector developments in terms of vector design and manufacture for gene therapy applications. The state of the art of vector production will be summarized face to the recent developments contributing to improve vector safety, efficacy and manufacturing robustness, focusing on human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) based lentiviral vectors. Transient and stable production systems will be discussed highlighting recent advances in producer cell line development. Challenges in lentiviral vector development upstream and downstream will be addressed with a particular focus on the improvements undertaken to increase vector yields and production scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Coroadinha
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
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5
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Cring MR, Sheffield VC. Gene therapy and gene correction: targets, progress, and challenges for treating human diseases. Gene Ther 2020; 29:3-12. [PMID: 33037407 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-00197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The field of gene therapy has made significant strides over the last several decades toward the treatment of previously untreatable genetic disease. Gene therapy techniques have been aimed at mitigating disease features of recessive and dominant disorders, as well as several cancers and other diseases. While there have been numerous disease targets of gene therapy trials, only four therapies have reached FDA and/or EMA approval for clinical use. Gene correction using CRISPR-Cas9 is an extension of gene therapy that has received considerable attention in recent years and boasts many possible uses beyond classical gene therapy approaches. While there is significant therapeutic potential using gene therapy and gene correction strategies, a number of hurdles remain to be overcome before they become more common in clinical use, particularly with regards to safety and efficacy. As research progresses in this exciting field, it is likely that these therapies will become first-line treatments and will have tremendous positive impacts on the lives of patients with genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Cring
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Val C Sheffield
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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6
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Guo Y, Yu QY, Zhang J, Yang HZ, Huang Z, Yu XQ. Zn( ii)-cyclen complex-based liposomes for gene delivery: the advantage of Zn coordination. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03242h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zn-Coordination significantly improves the gene transfection efficiency and reduces the cytotoxicity of cyclen-based cationic liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Qing-Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Hui-Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
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7
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second-most widespread cancer in men worldwide. Treatment choices are limited to prostatectomy, hormonal therapy, and radiotherapy, which commonly have deleterious side effects and vary in their efficacy, depending on the stage of the disease. Among novel experimental strategies, gene therapy holds great promise for the treatment of prostate cancer. However, its use is currently limited by the lack of delivery systems able to selectively deliver the therapeutic genes to the tumors after intravenous administration without major drawbacks. To remediate this problem, a wide range of nonviral delivery approaches have been developed to specifically deliver DNA-based therapeutic agents to their site of action. This review provides an overview of the various nonviral delivery strategies and gene therapy concepts used to deliver therapeutic DNA to prostate cancer cells, and focuses on recent therapeutic advances made so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Altwaijry
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK,
| | - Sukrut Somani
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK,
| | - Christine Dufès
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK,
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8
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Li C, Guan X, Sun B, Ma M, Wang P, Gai X. Vector-mediated Tum-5 expression in neovascular endothelial cells for treating hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1521-1525. [PMID: 28413503 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality. Angiogenesis is an important contributor to HCC progression and metastasis; therefore, inhibiting angiogenesis may be an effective method of treating HCC. Tumstatin is a novel type of efficient endogenous vascular endothelial cell growth inhibiting factor. The anti-angiogenic activity of tumstatin is localized to the 54-132 amino acid region (Tum-5). In a previous study performed by our group, the gene fragment encoding Tum-5 was cloned and inserted into a pLXSN retroviral vector. In the present study, the anti-angiogenic effects of Tum-5 and the antitumor effects exerted by the pLXSN-Tum-5 vector in vivo were investigated. The results demonstrated that pLXSN-Tum-5 significantly inhibited the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells compared with pLXSN, but had no obvious effect on HepG2 cell growth. Moreover, the antitumor and anti-angiogenic activity of Tum-5 was examined in vivo using a xenograft of H22 HCC cells. The results indicated that pLXSN-Tum-5 significantly inhibited tumor growth following 5 injections over 10 days. The size and weight of tumors in the pLXSN-Tum-5 group were lower than those in the saline and pLXSN groups. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis with CD31 antibodies indicated that the average microvessel density in the pLXSN-Tum-5 group were significantly lower than that in the saline and pLXSN groups. These results suggested that Tum-5 exerts its antitumor activity by suppressing vascular endothelial cells. The gene fragment of Tum-5 may be developed as an effective inhibitor of angiogenesis and used to treat patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Xingang Guan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Boqian Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Mingyao Ma
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Gai
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
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9
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Yao K, Ricardo SD. Mesenchymal stem cells as novel micro-ribonucleic acid delivery vehicles in kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton) 2017; 21:363-71. [PMID: 26437381 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short single strands of RNA responsible for post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Emerging evidence reports that miRNAs can reduce kidney fibrosis through regulation of targets associated with collagen and extracellular matrix accumulation. However, the development of miRNA therapies has been hampered by the lack of targeted and sustainable methods of systemic miRNA delivery. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide a promising miRNA delivery platform to overcome toxicity, the potential for insertional mutations and the low efficiency of previous methods. MSCs are endogenously immunoprivileged and home to sites of inflammation. They also release trophic growth factors to modulate the immune system, alter the polarization of macrophages and provide renal protection and repair. The potential to engineer MSCs to express or overexpress miRNAs, released by exosomes, may enhance their natural functions. Clinical studies are already being conducted individually for the use of miRNAs in cancer and MSCs in diseases associated with CKD. Hence, the combination of miRNAs and MSCs may provide an unparalleled cell-based therapy for treating CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Yao
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon D Ricardo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Chen S, Chen R. A Virus-Mimicking, Endosomolytic Liposomal System for Efficient, pH-Triggered Intracellular Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:22457-22467. [PMID: 27512894 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel multifunctional liposomal delivery platform has been developed to resemble the structural and functional traits of an influenza virus. Novel pseudopeptides were prepared to mimic the pH-responsive endosomolytic behavior of influenza viral peptides through grafting a hydrophobic amino acid, l-phenylalanine, onto the backbone of a polyamide, poly(l-lysine isophthalamide), at various degrees of substitution. These pseudopeptidic polymers were employed to functionalize the surface of cholesterol-containing liposomes that mimic the viral envelope. By controlling the cholesterol proportion as well as the concentration and amphiphilicity of the pseudopeptides, the entire payload was rapidly released at endosomal pHs, while there was no release at pH 7.4. A pH-triggered, reversible change in liposomal size was observed, and the release mechanism was elucidated. In addition, the virus-mimicking nanostructures efficiently disrupted the erythrocyte membrane at pH 6.5 characteristic of early endosomes, while they showed negligible cytotoxic effects at physiological pH. The efficient intracellular delivery of the widely used anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) by the multifunctional liposomes was demonstrated, leading to significantly increased potency against HeLa cancer cells over the DOX-loaded bare liposomes. This novel virus-mimicking liposomal system, with the incorporated synergy of efficient liposomal drug release and efficient endosomal escape, is favorable for efficient intracellular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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11
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Mohammadi Z, Shariati L, Khanahmad H, Kolahdouz M, Kianpoor F, Ghanbari JA, Hejazi Z, Salehi M, Nikpour P, Tabatabaiefar MA. A Lentiviral Vector Expressing Desired Gene Only in Transduced Cells: An Approach for Suicide Gene Therapy. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 57:793-800. [PMID: 26014225 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Suicide gene therapy is a therapeutic strategy, in which cell suicide inducing transgenes are introduced into target cells. Inserting a toxin-encoding gene into a lentiviral vector leads to decreased efficiency of virus production due to lethal effect of toxin on packaging cells. In this study, we designed and constructed a transfer vector to express the toxin in transduced cells but not in packaging cells. Plasmid pLenti-F/GFP was constructed by cutting out R 5'LTR-R 3'LTR fragment with the AflII restriction endonuclease from a plasmid pLenti4-GW/H1/TO-laminshRNA, followed by ligating R 5'LTR-R 3'LTR fragment, constructed by three PCR stages. The promoter and GFP CDS were inserted in opposite strand. For lentiviral production, the HEK293T cell line was co-transfected with the PMD2G, psPAX2, and pLenti-F/GFP plasmids (envelope, packaging, and transfer plasmids).Viral vector titers were assayed. The HEK293T cell line was transduced with this virus. PCR was performed to confirm the presence of the promoter fragment between the R and U5 in 3'LTR. The lentivirus titers were approximately 2 × 10(5). The GFP expression was seen in 51 % of the HEK293T cells transduced with lentivirus. The PCR product size was 1440 bp confirming the promoter fragment position between the R and U5 in 3'LTR. The strategy enables us to use a broad spectrum of toxin genes in gene therapy and helps avoid the death of the packaging cells with lentiviral vectors carrying a toxin-encoding gene, thereby increasing the efficiency of viral production in packaging cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mohammadi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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12
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Luan CR, Liu YH, Zhang J, Yu QY, Huang Z, Wang B, Yu XQ. Low Molecular Weight Oligomers with Aromatic Backbone as Efficient Nonviral Gene Vectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:10743-10751. [PMID: 27077449 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of oligomers were synthesized via ring-opening polymerization. Although the molecular weights of these oligomers are only ∼2.5 kDa, they could efficiently bind and condense DNA into nanoparticles. These oligomers gave comparable transfection efficiency (TE) to PEI 25 kDa, while their TE could even increase with the presence of serum, and up to 65 times higher TE than PEI was obtained. The excellent serum tolerance was also confirmed by TEM, flow cytometry, and BSA adsorption assay. Moreover, structure-activity relationship studies revealed some interesting factors. First, oligomers containing aromatic rings in the backbone showed better DNA binding ability. These materials could bring more DNA cargo into the cells, leading to much better TE. Second, the isomerism of the disubstituted phenyl group on the oligomer backbone has large effect on the transfection. The ortho-disubstituted ones gave at least 1 order of magnitude higher TE than meta- or para-disubstituted oligomers. Gel electrophoresis involving DNase and heparin indicated that the difficulty to release DNA might contribute to the lower TE of the latter. Such clues may help us to design novel nonviral gene vectors with high efficiency and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ran Luan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
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13
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Pourzadegan F, Shariati L, Taghizadeh R, Khanahmad H, Mohammadi Z, Tabatabaiefar MA. Using intron splicing trick for preferential gene expression in transduced cells: an approach for suicide gene therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 23:7-12. [PMID: 26679755 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Suicide gene therapy is one of the most innovative approaches in which a potential toxic gene is delivered to the targeted cancer cell by different target delivery methods. We constructed a transfer vector to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) in transduced cells but not in packaging cells. We placed gfp under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, which is positioned between the two long-terminal repeats in reverse direction. The intron-2 sequence of the human beta globin gene with two poly-A signals and several stop codons on the antisense strand was placed on the leading strand between the CMV promoter and gfp. For lentiviral production, the HEK293T and line were co-transfected with the PMD2G, psPAX2 and pLentiGFP-Ins2 plasmids. The HEK293T and line were transduced with this virus. PCR was performed for evaluation of intron splicing in transduced cells. The GFP expression was seen in 65% of the cells transduced. The PCR amplification of the genomic DNA of transduced cells confirmed the splicing of intron 2. The strategy is significant to accomplish our goal for preserving the packaging cells from the toxic gene expression during viral assembly and the resultant reduction in viral titration. Also it serves to address several other issues in the gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pourzadegan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - L Shariati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Taghizadeh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - H Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Z Mohammadi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M A Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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14
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Costa D, Valente AJ, Queiroz J. Stimuli-responsive polyamine-DNA blend nanogels for co-delivery in cancer therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 132:194-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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15
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Zhan B, Shi K, Dong Z, Lv W, Zhao S, Han X, Wang H, Liu H. Coarse-Grained Simulation of Polycation/DNA-Like Complexes: Role of Neutral Block. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2834-44. [PMID: 26076229 DOI: 10.1021/mp500861c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Complexes formed by polycations and DNA are of great research interest because of their prospective application in gene therapy. Whereas the applications of multiblock based polycation generally exhibit promising features, a thorough understanding on the effect of neutral block incorporated in polycation is still lacking. By using coarse-grained dynamics simulation with the help of a simple model for solvent mediated interaction, we perform a theoretical study on the physicochemical properties of various polyplexes composed of a single DNA-like polyanion chain and numbers of linear polycationic chains with different modifications. By analyzing various properties, we find the hydrophobic/hydrophilic modifications of linear polycations may bring an improvement on one aspect of the properties as gene carrier but also involve a trade-off with another one. In particular, polycation with a hydrophobic middle block and a hydrophilic tail block display distinct advantages among di- and triblock linear polycations as gene carrier, while careful design of the hydrophobic block should be made to reduce the zeta potential. The simulation results are compared with available experimental data displaying good agreements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bicai Zhan
- †State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kaihang Shi
- †State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhexi Dong
- †State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | | | - Shuangliang Zhao
- †State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | | | | | - Honglai Liu
- †State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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16
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Zhang QF, Yu QY, Geng Y, Zhang J, Wu WX, Wang G, Gu Z, Yu XQ. Ring-opening polymerization for hyperbranched polycationic gene delivery vectors with excellent serum tolerance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:15733-15742. [PMID: 25177769 DOI: 10.1021/am5046185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the transfection efficiency (TE) and biocompatibility, we synthesized a series of hyperbranched cationic polymers by ring-opening polymerization between diepoxide and several polyamines. These materials can condense plasmid DNA efficiently into nanoparticles that have much lower cytotoxicity than those derived from bPEI. In vitro transfection experiments showed that polymers prepared from branched or cyclic polyamine (P1 and P5) exhibited TE several times higher than 25KDa bPEI. More significantly, serum seemed to have no negative effect on P1-P5 mediated transfection. On the contrary, the TE of P1 improved, even when the serum concentration reached 70%. Several assays demonstrated the excellent serum tolerance of such polycationic vectors: bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption assay revealed considerably lower protein adsorption of P1-P5 than PEI; P1 showed better DNA protection ability from degradation by DNase I than PEI; flow cytometry results suggested that any concentration of serum may not decrease the cellular uptake of P1/DNA polyplex; and confocal laser scanning microscopy also found that serum has little effect on the transfection. By using specific cellular uptake inhibitors, we found that the polyplexes enter the cells mainly via caveolae and microtubule-mediated pathways. We believe that this ring-opening polymerization may be an effective synthetic approach toward gene delivery materials with high biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
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17
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McNally DJ, Darling D, Farzaneh F, Levison PR, Slater NKH. Optimised concentration and purification of retroviruses using membrane chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1340:24-32. [PMID: 24685165 PMCID: PMC4003387 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An in investigation in to the use of membrane chromatography for the purification of a γ-retrovirus was undertaken. The first report of a capacity for γ-retrovirus binding to a membrane chromatography device is presented. A process that produces a large increase in concentration and purity of the studied γ-retrovirus was identified. Proteomic techniques were used to identify the protein impurities removed and co-purified with the virus containing eluate.
The ability of an anion exchange membrane to purify a γ-retrovirus was assessed and optimised with respect to different loading and wash buffers. Recoveries of infectious virus greater than 50% were consistently obtained, while specific titre was increased up to one thousand fold when compared to the material loaded. Specific proteins removed and retained by this optimised process were identified by mass spectrometry. It was possible to successfully bind and elute the equivalent of 1.27 × 108 Ifu/ml of ion exchange membrane. This could then be highly concentrated, with infectious virus concentrated to a maximum of 420-fold compared to the load.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J McNally
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, New Museums Site, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3RA, UK.
| | - D Darling
- King's College London, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - F Farzaneh
- King's College London, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - P R Levison
- Pall Europe Limited, 5 Harbourgate Business Park, Southampton Road, Portsmouth PO6 4BQ, Hampshire, UK
| | - N K H Slater
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, New Museums Site, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3RA, UK
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18
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Costa D, Valente AJ, Miguel MG, Queiroz J. Plasmid DNA microgels for drug/gene co-delivery: A promising approach for cancer therapy. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Ghanbari JA, Salehi M, Zadeh AK, Zadeh SM, Beigi VB, Ahmad HK, Mahaki B, Beiraghdar M. A preliminary step of a novel strategy in suicide gene therapy with lentiviral vector. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:7. [PMID: 24592361 PMCID: PMC3928841 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.124634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One of the challenges in lentiviral vector–based suicide gene therapy by toxin or apoptosis-inducing genes is death of packaging cells. Therefore, the process of production of these lentiviral particles would be stopped in this step. We proposed that insertion of a reverse promoter between R and U5 regions of 5′ long terminal repeat (LTR) in transfer plasmid could be considered as a solution for this problem. But it is not known, whether the insertion of RΔU3 sequence between the promoter and target gene in proviral genome during the life-cycle of lentivirus may interfere whit gene expression in target cells. Materials and Methods: These following methods were performed in this study: insertion of RΔU3 sequence in pEGFP-N1 plasmid, evaluation of the expression of eGFP gene after calcium phosphate co-precipitation transfection of pCMV-RΔU3-GFP construction in 293T cells, and quantitative assay of eGFP gene by flow cytometry technique. Results: Our results from flow cytometry technique analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the expression of eGFP gene in transfected cells with pEGFP-N1 and pCMV-RΔU3-GFP plasmids (P > 0.05). Conclusion: In this step of our strategy, we demonstrated that modification of orientation and location of promoter may overcome some issues in lentiviral suicide gene therapy, especially when toxin or apoptosis-inducing genes are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahan Afrooz Ghanbari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mansoor Salehi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arezoo Karam Zadeh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Bahram Beigi
- Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khan Ahmad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behzad Mahaki
- Department of Biostatistics of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Beiraghdar
- MS in Botanical Biology, Department of Biology, Payamnoor University, Isfahan, Iran
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20
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Luo K, He B, Wu Y, Shen Y, Gu Z. Functional and biodegradable dendritic macromolecules with controlled architectures as nontoxic and efficient nanoscale gene vectors. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:818-30. [PMID: 24389086 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has provided great potential to revolutionize the treatment of many diseases. This therapy is strongly relied on whether a delivery vector efficiently and safely directs the therapeutic genes into the target tissue/cells. Nonviral gene delivery vectors have been emerging as a realistic alternative to the use of viral analogs with the potential of a clinically relevant output. Dendritic polymers were employed as nonviral vectors due to their branched and layered architectures, globular shape and multivalent groups on their surface, showing promise in gene delivery. In the present review, we try to bring out the recent trend of studies on functional and biodegradable dendritic polymers as nontoxic and efficient gene delivery vectors. By regulating dendritic polymer design and preparation, together with recent progress in the design of biodegradable polymers, it is possible to precisely manipulate their architectures, molecular weight and chemical composition, resulting in predictable tuning of their biocompatibility as well as gene transfection activities. The multifunctional and biodegradable dendritic polymers possessing the desirable characteristics are expected to overcome extra- and intracellular obstacles, and as efficient and nontoxic gene delivery vectors to move into the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Center for Bionanoengineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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21
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Voráčková I, Ulbrich P, Diehl WE, Ruml T. Engineered retroviral virus-like particles for receptor targeting. Arch Virol 2013; 159:677-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Powers JM, Trobridge GD. Effect of fetal bovine serum on foamy and lentiviral vector production. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2013; 24:307-9. [PMID: 23984723 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2013.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John M Powers
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University , Pullman, WA 99164
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23
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Nanotechnological Approaches for Genetic Immunization. DNA AND RNA NANOBIOTECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF DISEASES 2013. [PMCID: PMC7121080 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36853-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetic immunization is one of the important findings that provide multifaceted immunological response against infectious diseases. With the advent of r-DNA technology, it is possible to construct vector with immunologically active genes against specific pathogens. Nevertheless, site-specific delivery of constructed genetic material is an important contributory factor for eliciting specific cellular and humoral immune response. Nanotechnology has demonstrated immense potential for the site-specific delivery of biomolecules. Several polymeric and lipidic nanocarriers have been utilized for the delivery of genetic materials. These systems seem to have better compatibility, low toxicity, economical and capable to delivering biomolecules to intracellular site for the better expression of desired antigens. Further, surface engineering of nanocarriers and targeting approaches have an ability to offer better presentation of antigenic material to immunological cells. This chapter gives an overview of existing and emerging nanotechnological approaches for the delivery of genetic materials.
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24
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Polymer Complexes in Biological Applications. FROM SINGLE MOLECULES TO NANOSCOPICALLY STRUCTURED MATERIALS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2013_229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Li W, Wang X, Gao G. Expression of YB-1 enhances production of murine leukemia virus vectors by stabilizing genomic viral RNA. Protein Cell 2012; 3:943-9. [PMID: 23225179 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-012-2090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine leukemia virus (MLV)-based retroviral vectors is widely used for gene transfer and basic research, and production of high-titer retroviral vectors is very important. Here we report that expression of the Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) enhanced the production of infectious MLV vectors. YB-1 specifically increased the stability of viral genomic RNA in virus-producing cells, and thus increasing viral RNA levels in both producer cells and virion particles. The viral element responsive to YB-1 was mapped to the repeat sequence (R region) in MLV genomic RNA. These results identified YB-1 as a MLV mRNA stabilizer, which can be used for improving production of MLV vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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26
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Martello F, Piest M, Engbersen JFJ, Ferruti P. Effects of branched or linear architecture of bioreducible poly(amido amine)s on their in vitro gene delivery properties. J Control Release 2012; 164:372-9. [PMID: 22846986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the gene delivery properties of new hyperbranched poly(amido amine)s (PAAs) with disulfide linkages in the main chain were investigated in comparison with their linear analogs. Eight different bioreducible PAAs were prepared by Michael addition of N,N'-bisacryloylpiperazine (BP) with cystamine (CYST) or N,N'-dimethylcystamine (DMC) and of N,N'-cystaminebisacrylamide (CBA) with N,N'-ethylenediamine (EDA) or N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine (DMEDA). In order to study the effect of terminal groups on the transfection efficiency, each polymer was terminated with 4-aminobutanol (ABOL) or with 2-aminoethanol (ETA). The hyperbranched and the linear PAAs generally formed polyplexes with plasmid DNA with sizes around 200nm and positive zeta potentials ranging from +10 to +22mV at polymer/DNA weight ratios equal or higher than 3/1. Remarkably low or no cytotoxicity was observed for both hyperbranched and linear PAAs. Hyperbranched CBA-containing PAAs showed higher gene expression in DNA transfection tests with COS-7 cells than their linear analogs and up to two times higher than linear PEI that was used as the reference polymer. Transfection efficiencies of the branched PAAs were generally enhanced by the presence of serum, which is a promising property for future in vivo studies with these hyperbranched PAAs. In this study the ease of synthetic modification of both linear and hyperbranched poly(amido amide)s and the versatility of hyperbranched PAAs in regulating DNA transfection and cytotoxicity are demonstrated. The results show the large possibilities for this class of polymers to provide polymeric vectors with controllable properties for gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Martello
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, via Venezian 21, 20133 Milan, Italy
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27
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Biodegradable cyclen-based linear and cross-linked polymers as non-viral gene vectors. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:1380-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Membrane-destabilizing activity of pH-responsive cationic lysine-based surfactants: role of charge position and alkyl chain length. Amino Acids 2011; 43:1203-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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29
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Nogueira DR, Mitjans M, Infante MR, Vinardell MP. The role of counterions in the membrane-disruptive properties of pH-sensitive lysine-based surfactants. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:2846-56. [PMID: 21421083 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Surfactants are among the most versatile and widely used excipients in pharmaceuticals. This versatility, together with their pH-responsive membrane-disruptive activity and low toxicity, could also enable their potential application in drug delivery systems. Five anionic lysine-based surfactants which differ in the nature of their counterion were studied. Their capacity to disrupt the cell membrane was examined under a range of pH values, concentrations and incubation times, using a standard hemolysis assay as a model for endosomal membranes. The surfactants showed pH-sensitive hemolytic activity and improved kinetics at the endosomal pH range. Low concentrations resulted in negligible hemolysis at physiological pH and high membrane lytic activity at pH 5.4, which is in the range characteristic of late endosomes. With increasing concentration, the surfactants showed an enhanced capacity to lyse cell membranes, and also caused significant membrane disruption at physiological pH. This observation indicates that, at high concentrations, surfactant behavior is independent of pH. The mechanism of surfactant-mediated membrane destabilization was addressed, and scanning electron microscopy studies were also performed to evaluate the effects of the compounds on erythrocyte morphology as a function of pH. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the surfactants was assessed by MTT and NRU assays with the 3T3 cell line. The influence of different types of counterion on hemolytic activity and the potential applications of these surfactants in drug delivery are discussed. The possibility of using pH-sensitive surfactants for endosome disruption could hold great promise for intracellular drug delivery systems in future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Nogueira
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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30
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pH-responsive polymers for trehalose loading and desiccation protection of human red blood cells. Biomaterials 2011; 32:4443-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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31
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Study of the structural organization of cyclodextrin–DNA complex loaded anionic and pH-sensitive liposomes. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Li S, Wang Y, Zhang J, Yang WH, Dai ZH, Zhu W, Yu XQ. Biodegradable cross-linked poly(amino alcohol esters) based on LMW PEI for gene delivery. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:1254-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00339e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Abstract
Viral vector is the most effective means of gene transfer to modify specific cell type or tissue and can be manipulated to express therapeutic genes. Several virus types are currently being investigated for use to deliver genes to cells to provide either transient or permanent transgene expression. These include adenoviruses (Ads), retroviruses (γ-retroviruses and lentiviruses), poxviruses, adeno-associated viruses, baculoviruses, and herpes simplex viruses. The choice of virus for routine clinical use will depend on the efficiency of transgene expression, ease of production, safety, toxicity, and stability. This chapter provides an introductory overview of the general characteristics of viral vectors commonly used in gene transfer and their advantages and disadvantages for gene therapy use.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Warnock
- School of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering and Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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34
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Yang S, Brindley PJ, Zeng Q, Li Y, Zhou J, Liu Y, Liu B, Cai L, Zeng T, Wei Q, Lan L, McManus DP. Transduction of Schistosoma japonicum schistosomules with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein pseudotyped murine leukemia retrovirus and expression of reporter human telomerase reverse transcriptase in the transgenic schistosomes. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2010; 174:109-16. [PMID: 20692298 PMCID: PMC3836731 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2009] [Revised: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although draft genome sequences of two of the major human schistosomes, Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mansoni are available, the structures and characteristics of most genes and the influence of exogenous genes on the metabolism of schistosomes remain uncharacterized. Furthermore, which functional genomics approaches will be tractable for schistosomes are not yet apparent. Here, the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG)-pseudotyped pantropic retroviral vector pBABE-puro was modified to incorporate the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (hTERT) as a reporter, under the control of the retroviral long terminal repeat (LTR). Pseudotyped virions were employed to transduce S. japonicum to investigate the utility of retrovirus-mediated transgenesis of S. japonicum and the activity of human telomerase reverse transcriptase as a reporter transgene in schistosomes. Schistosomules perfused from experimentally infected rabbits were cultured for 6 days after exposure to the virions after which genomic DNAs from virus exposed and control worms were extracted. Analysis of RNA from transduced parasites and immunohistochemistry of thin parasite sections revealed expression of hTERT in the transduced worms. Expression of hTERT was also confirmed by immunoblot analysis. These findings indicated that S. japonicum could be effectively transduced by VSVG-pseudotyped retrovirus carrying the hTERT gene. Given the potential of hTERT to aid in derivation of immortalized cells, these findings suggest that this pantropic retroviral approach can be employed to transduce cells from specific tissues and organs of schistosomes to investigate the influence of transgene hTERT on growth and proliferation of schistosome cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Yang
- Centre of Cell and Molecular Biology Experiment, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan province, China
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Lynch AL, Chen R, Dominowski PJ, Shalaev EY, Yancey RJ, Slater NK. Biopolymer mediated trehalose uptake for enhanced erythrocyte cryosurvival. Biomaterials 2010; 31:6096-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
Many inherited and acquired pulmonary disorders without satisfactory therapies may be amenable to gene therapy. Despite numerous advances, efficient delivery and expression of the therapeutic transgene at physiological levels for phenotypic correction of disease has proved elusive. This article focuses on various strategies aimed at achieving targeted delivery to the lungs. Both physical methods and biological targeting have been successfully applied in various gene delivery systems. Targeting of different cell types has been achieved by pseudotyping of viral vectors with capsids from different serotypes and modification of nonviral vectors with targeting ligands. Both classes of vectors are discussed with respect to their gene delivery and expression efficiencies, longevity of expression and immunogenicity. Moreover, gene therapy clinical trials for different lung diseases are discussed.
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Wu C, Lu Y. High-titre retroviral vector system for efficient gene delivery into human and mouse cells of haematopoietic and lymphocytic lineages. J Gen Virol 2010; 91:1909-1918. [PMID: 20410313 PMCID: PMC3052536 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.020255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified cells of haematopoietic and lymphocytic lineages could provide potentially curative treatments for a wide range of inherited and acquired diseases. However, this application is limited in mouse models by the low efficiency of lentiviral vectors. To facilitate the rapid production of high-titre helper-free retroviral vectors for enhanced gene delivery, multiple modifications to a prototype moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV)-derived vector system were made including adaptation of the vector system to simian virus 40 ori/T antigen-mediated episomal replication in packaging cells, replacement of the MoMLV 5' U3 promoter with a series of stronger composite promoters and addition of an extra polyadenylation signal downstream of the 3' long terminal repeat. These modifications enhanced vector production by 2-3 logs. High-titre vector stocks were tested for their ability to infect a variety of cells derived from humans and mice, including primary monocyte-derived macrophage cultures. Whilst the lentiviral vector was significantly restricted at the integration level, the MoMLV-based vector showed effective gene transduction of mouse cells. This high-titre retroviral vector system represents a useful tool for efficient gene delivery into human and mouse haematopoietic and lymphocytic cells, with particular application in mice as a small animal model for novel gene therapy tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Wu
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Microbiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Yuanan Lu
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Microbiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Chen YH, Wang CH, Chang CW, Peng CA. In situ formation of viruses tagged with quantum dots. Integr Biol (Camb) 2010; 2:258-64. [DOI: 10.1039/b926852a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Receptor mediated gene delivery by folate conjugated N-trimethyl chitosan in vitro. Int J Pharm 2009; 382:262-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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41
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Nezhadi SH, Choong PF, Lotfipour F, Dass CR. Gelatin-based delivery systems for cancer gene therapy. J Drug Target 2009; 17:731-8. [DOI: 10.3109/10611860903096540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Carmo M, Alves A, Rodrigues AF, Coroadinha AS, Carrondo MJT, Alves PM, Cruz PE. Stabilization of gammaretroviral and lentiviral vectors: from production to gene transfer. J Gene Med 2009; 11:670-8. [PMID: 19507176 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The low stability of gammaretroviral and lentiviral vectors affects their production, making high quality clinical preparations a difficult goal to achieve. Recently, our laboratory has shown that the main inactivation mechanism for both these vectors is the loss of their capacity to perform reverse transcription. The present study aimed to increase the stability of gammaretroviral and lentiviral at 37 degrees C and at 4 degrees C. METHODS Inactivation studies were performed with gammaretroviral and lentiviral vectors at 37 and 4 degrees C, with and without several stabilizing compounds. The residual viral infectivity and reverse transcription capacity of these samples were tested. RESULTS The results obtained demonstrate that it is possible to increase the stability of reverse transcription and the infectivity stability of purified gammaretroviral vectors by adding recombinant human albumin (rHSA) to the storage buffer, both at 37 degrees C and at 4 degrees C. For lentiviral vectors, it was observed that further protection was needed. This was achieved by adding lipids to the storage buffer, using a mixture of lipoproteins and rHSA. The difference of stabilization between gammaretroviral and lentiviral vectors was validated by performing stabilization tests with vectors possessing different envelope proteins and produced by different cell lines. CONCLUSIONS The presented study reveals that it is possible to increase the half-life of purified gammaretroviral and lentiviral vectors at 37 degrees C and at 4 degrees C, but the two vectors have different stabilization requirements: for retroviral vectors, the addition of rHSA is enough and, for lentiviral vectors, it is necessary to add both lipoproteins and rHSA. The increase of the stability of the reverse transcription process was shown to have a high impact with respect to the increase of the stability of infectivity.
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43
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Vectors for pulmonary gene therapy. Int J Pharm 2009; 390:84-8. [PMID: 19825403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The success of gene transfer in preclinical animal models and proof of principle clinical studies has made gene therapy an attractive concept for disease treatment. A variety of diseases affecting the lung are candidates for gene therapy. Delivery of genes to the lungs seems to be straightforward, because of the easy accessibility of epithelial cells via the airways. However, efficient delivery and expression of the therapeutic transgene at levels sufficient to result in phenotypic correction of the diseased state have proven elusive. This review presents a brief summary about current status and future prospects in the development of viral and non-viral strategies for pulmonary gene therapy.
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Saraswat P, Soni RR, Bhandari A, Nagori BP. DNA as therapeutics; an update. Indian J Pharm Sci 2009; 71:488-98. [PMID: 20502565 PMCID: PMC2866338 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.58169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gene therapy is the introduction of new genetic material into the cells of an individual with the intention of producing a therapeutic benefit for the patient. Deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid are used in gene therapy. Over time and with proper oversight, human gene therapy might become an effective weapon in modern medicine's arsenal to help fight diseases such as cancer, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, diabetes, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia and other genetic disorders. Gene therapy trials in humans are of two types, somatic and germ line gene therapy. There are many ethical, social, and commercial issues raised by the prospects of treating patients whose consent is impossible to obtain. This review summarizes deoxyribonucleic acid-based therapeutics and gene transfer technologies for the diseases that are known to be genetic in origin. Deoxyribonucleic acid-based therapeutics includes plasmids, oligonucleotides for antisense and antigene applications, deoxyribonucleic acid aptamers and deoxyribonucleic acidzymes. This review also includes current status of gene therapy and recent developments in gene therapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Saraswat
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, RIICO Institutional Area, Sitapura, Jaipur-302 022, India
| | - R. R. Soni
- Jaipur Fertility and Microsurgery Research Center, Bani Park, Jaipur-302 016, India
| | - A. Bhandari
- Department of Pharmacy, Jodhpur National University, Narnadi, Jhanwar Road, Jodhpur-342 001, India
| | - B. P. Nagori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. M. College of Science and Technology, Shastri Nagar, Jodhpur-342 003, India
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Enhanced angiogenesis mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor plasmid-loaded thermo-responsive amphiphilic polymer in a rat myocardial infarction model. J Control Release 2009; 138:168-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
In the late 1970s, it was predicted that gene therapy would be applied to humans within a decade. However, despite some success, gene therapy has still not become a routine practise in medicine. In this review, we will examine the problems, both experimental and clinical, associated with the use of viral material for transgenic insertion. We shall also discuss the development of viral vectors involving the most important vector types derived from retroviruses, adenoviruses, herpes simplex viruses and adeno-associated viruses.
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Nawtaisong P, Keith J, Fraser T, Balaraman V, Kolokoltsov A, Davey RA, Higgs S, Mohammed A, Rongsriyam Y, Komalamisra N, Fraser MJ. Effective suppression of Dengue fever virus in mosquito cell cultures using retroviral transduction of hammerhead ribozymes targeting the viral genome. Virol J 2009; 6:73. [PMID: 19497123 PMCID: PMC2704196 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-6-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of Dengue impose a heavy economic burden on developing countries in terms of vector control and human morbidity. Effective vaccines against all four serotypes of Dengue are in development, but population replacement with transgenic vectors unable to transmit the virus might ultimately prove to be an effective approach to disease suppression, or even eradication. A key element of the refractory transgenic vector approach is the development of transgenes that effectively prohibit viral transmission. In this report we test the effectiveness of several hammerhead ribozymes for suppressing DENV in lentivirus-transduced mosquito cells in an attempt to mimic the transgenic use of these effector molecules in mosquitoes. A lentivirus vector that expresses these ribozymes as a fusion RNA molecule using an Ae. aegypti tRNAval promoter and terminating with a 60A tail insures optimal expression, localization, and activity of the hammerhead ribozyme against the DENV genome. Among the 14 hammerhead ribozymes we designed to attack the DENV-2 NGC genome, several appear to be relatively effective in reducing virus production from transduced cells by as much as 2 logs. Among the sequences targeted are 10 that are conserved among all DENV serotype 2 strains. Our results confirm that hammerhead ribozymes can be effective in suppressing DENV in a transgenic approach, and provide an alternative or supplementary approach to proposed siRNA strategies for DENV suppression in transgenic mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pruksa Nawtaisong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
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Dreesen IA, Lüchinger NA, Stark WJ, Fussenegger M. Tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles enable rapid purification, increase transduction kinetics, and modify the tropism of mammalian viruses. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 102:1197-208. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chen R, Khormaee S, Eccleston ME, Slater NKH. The role of hydrophobic amino acid grafts in the enhancement of membrane-disruptive activity of pH-responsive pseudo-peptides. Biomaterials 2009; 30:1954-61. [PMID: 19138797 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
pH-responsive polymers have been synthesised by grafting l-valine (PV-75), l-leucine (PL-75) and l-phenylalanine (PP-75) onto the pendant carboxylic acid moieties of a pseudo-peptide, poly(l-lysine iso-phthalamide), at a stoichiometric degree of substitution of 75 mol%. The effect of such modification on the pH-, concentration- and time-dependent cell membrane-disruptive activity of the grafted polymers has been investigated using a haemolysis model. At 0.025 mg mL(-1), the grafted polymers were almost non-haemolytic at pH 7.4, but mediated considerable membrane lysis after 60 min in the pH range characteristic of early endosomes, which ranked in the order: PP-75 > PL-75 > PV-75 > poly(l-lysine iso-phthalamide). PP-75 was 35-fold more lytic on a molar basis than the membrane-lytic peptide melittin. With increasing concentration, the grafted polymers showed an increased ability to lyse cell membranes and caused noticeable membrane disruption at physiological pH. The mechanism of the polymer-mediated membrane destabilisation has been investigated. The in-vitro cytotoxicity of the grafted polymers has been assessed using a propidium iodide fluorescence assay. It has been demonstrated by confocal microscopy that the grafted polymers can induce a significant release of endocytosed materials into the cytoplasm of HeLa cells, which is a feature critical for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2RA, UK
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50
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Vicente T, Peixoto C, Carrondo MJT, Alves PM. Virus production for clinical gene therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 542:447-70. [PMID: 19565917 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-561-9_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is becoming increasingly relevant for the treatment of prominent human diseases. Viral vectors are currently used in more than 50% of the gene therapy clinical trials, most of them aimed at cancer diseases. Clearly, the increasing needs of high-quality viral preparations require the elimination of process bottlenecks, streamlining the development of a viral vector into a real-world clinical tool. Virus production for clinical gene therapy can be a limiting step because many virus generation protocols rely on labor-intensive, bench-scale methods; robust, cost-effective strategies for the delivery of clinical-grade viruses are thus essential for the future of gene therapy. A comprehensive picture of key aspects on the integration of upstream and downstream processing is addressed in this chapter, by describing the case study of recombinant budded baculoviruses for gene therapy; scalable methods are described in detail as well as mandatory characterization techniques for a proper and complete quality assessment of the viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Vicente
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tenológica (IBET), Oeiras, Portugal
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