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Ka H, Seo H, Choi Y, Yoo I, Han J. Endometrial response to conceptus-derived estrogen and interleukin-1β at the time of implantation in pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:44. [PMID: 29928500 PMCID: PMC5989395 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of pregnancy is a complex process that requires a well-coordinated interaction between the implanting conceptus and the maternal uterus. In pigs, the conceptus undergoes dramatic morphological and functional changes at the time of implantation and introduces various factors, including estrogens and cytokines, interleukin-1β2 (IL1B2), interferon-γ (IFNG), and IFN-δ (IFND), into the uterine lumen. In response to ovarian steroid hormones and conceptus-derived factors, the uterine endometrium becomes receptive to the implanting conceptus by changing its expression of cell adhesion molecules, secretory activity, and immune response. Conceptus-derived estrogens act as a signal for maternal recognition of pregnancy by changing the direction of prostaglandin (PG) F2α from the uterine vasculature to the uterine lumen. Estrogens also induce the expression of many endometrial genes, including genes related to growth factors, the synthesis and transport of PGs, and immunity. IL1B2, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is produced by the elongating conceptus. The direct effect of IL1B2 on endometrial function is not fully understood. IL1B activates the expression of endometrial genes, including the genes involved in IL1B signaling and PG synthesis and transport. In addition, estrogen or IL1B stimulates endometrial expression of IFN signaling molecules, suggesting that estrogen and IL1B act cooperatively in priming the endometrial function of conceptus-produced IFNG and IFND that, in turn, modulate endometrial immune response during early pregnancy. This review addresses information about maternal-conceptus interactions with respect to endometrial gene expression in response to conceptus-derived factors, focusing on the roles of estrogen and IL1B during early pregnancy in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakhyun Ka
- 1Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493 Republic of Korea
| | - Heewon Seo
- 1Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493 Republic of Korea.,2Department of Veterinary Integrated Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471 USA
| | - Yohan Choi
- 1Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493 Republic of Korea.,3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298 USA
| | - Inkyu Yoo
- 1Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493 Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Han
- 1Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493 Republic of Korea
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Kim JG, Nonneman D, Kim DW, Shin S, Rohrer GA. Polymorphism in the intron 20 of porcine O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 30:1086-1092. [PMID: 28669142 PMCID: PMC5494481 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc and GlcNAcylation has extensive crosstalk with phosphorylation to regulate signaling and transcription. Pig OGT is located near the region of chromosome X that affects follicle stimulating hormone level and testes size. The objective of this study was to find the variations of OGT between European and Chinese pigs. Methods Pigs were tested initially for polymorphism in OGT among European and Chinese pigs by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). The polymorphism was also determined in an independent population of pigs including European and Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds at the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, RDA, Korea). Results The intron 20 of OGT from European and Chinese pigs was 514 and 233 bp, respectively, in the pigs tested initially. They included 1 White composite (WC) boar and 7 sows (2 Minzu×WC, 2 Duroc [DU]×WC, 2 ME×WC, 1 Fengzing×WC) at USMARC. The 281-bp difference was due to an inserted 276-bp element and GACTT in European pigs. When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. The polymorphism was determined in an independent population of pigs including DU, Landrace, Yorkshire, and ME breeds at NIAS. OGT was placed at position 67 cM on the chromosome X of the USMARC swine linkage map. Conclusion There was complete concordance with the insertion in European pigs at USMARC and NIAS. This polymorphism could be a useful marker to identify the breed of origin of X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Gug Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Dan Nonneman
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA
| | - Doo-Wan Kim
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Sangsu Shin
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Gary A Rohrer
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA
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Kim M, Seo H, Choi Y, Yoo I, Seo M, Lee CK, Kim H, Ka H. Analysis of Stage-Specific Gene Expression Profiles in the Uterine Endometrium during Pregnancy in Pigs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143436. [PMID: 26580069 PMCID: PMC4651506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The uterine endometrium plays a critical role in regulating the estrous cycle and the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in mammalian species. Many studies have investigated the expression and function of genes in the uterine endometrium, but the global expression pattern of genes and relationships among genes differentially expressed in the uterine endometrium during gestation in pigs remain unclear. Thus, this study investigated global gene expression profiles using microarray in pigs. Diverse transcriptome analyses including clustering, network, and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analyses were performed to detect endometrial gene expression changes during the different gestation stages. In total, 6,991 genes were found to be differentially expressed by comparing genes expressed on day (D) 12 of pregnancy with those on D15, D30, D60, D90 and D114 of pregnancy, and clustering analysis of detected DEGs distinguished 8 clusters. Furthermore, several pregnancy-related hub genes such as ALPPL2, RANBP17, NF1B, SPP1, and CST6 were discovered through network analysis. Finally, detected hub genes were technically validated by quantitative RT-PCR. These results suggest the complex network characteristics involved in uterine endometrial gene expression during pregnancy and indicate that diverse patterns of stage-specific gene expression and network connections may play a critical role in endometrial remodeling and in placental and fetal development to establish and maintenance of pregnancy in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingoo Kim
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Heewon Seo
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Choi
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Yoo
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Seo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- C&K Genomics, SNU Research Park, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- C&K Genomics, SNU Research Park, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakhyun Ka
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kim M, Seo H, Choi Y, Shim J, Kim H, Lee CK, Ka H. Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression in the Uterine Endometrium during the Implantation Period in Pigs. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 25:1102-16. [PMID: 25049669 PMCID: PMC4092994 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During embryo implantation in pigs, the uterine endometrium undergoes dramatic morphological and functional changes accompanied with dynamic gene expression. Since the greatest amount of embryonic losses occur during this period, it is essential to understand the expression and function of genes in the uterine endometrium. Although many reports have studied gene expression in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy, the pattern of global gene expression in the uterine endometrium in response to the presence of a conceptus (embryo/fetus and associated extraembryonic membranes) has not been completely determined. To better understand the expression of pregnancy-specific genes in the endometrium during the implantation period, we analyzed global gene expression in the endometrium on day (D) 12 and D15 of pregnancy and the estrous cycle using a microarray technique in order to identify differentially expressed endometrial genes between D12 of pregnancy and D12 of the estrous cycle and between D15 of pregnancy and D15 of the estrous cycle. Results showed that the global pattern of gene expression varied with pregnancy status. Among 23,937 genes analyzed, 99 and 213 up-regulated genes and 92 and 231 down-regulated genes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the uterine endometrium on D12 and D15 of pregnancy compared to D12 and D15 of the estrous cycle, respectively. Functional annotation clustering analysis showed that those DEGs included genes involved in immunity, steroidogenesis, cell-to-cell interaction, and tissue remodeling. These findings suggest that the implantation process regulates differential endometrial gene expression to support the establishment of pregnancy in pigs. Further analysis of the genes identified in this study will provide insight into the cellular and molecular bases of the implantation process in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingoo Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Heewon Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Yohan Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Jangsoo Shim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Hakhyun Ka
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
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Lim SL, Kortschak RD, Adelson DL. Discovery of a novel long terminal repeat (LTR2i_SS) in Sus Scrofa. Anim Genet 2014; 45:367-72. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sim L. Lim
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science; The University of Adelaide; North Terrace, Adelaide 5005 SA Australia
| | - R. Daniel Kortschak
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science; The University of Adelaide; North Terrace, Adelaide 5005 SA Australia
| | - David L. Adelson
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science; The University of Adelaide; North Terrace, Adelaide 5005 SA Australia
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Abstract
Improvement in litter size has become of great interest in pig industry as good fecundity is directly related to a sow's productive life. Genetic regulation of litter size is complex and the main component traits so far defined are ovulation rate, embryonic survival, uterus capacity, foetal survival and pre-weaning losses. Improvements using concepts of the quantitative genetics let expect only slow genetic progress due to its low heritability of approximately 0.09 for number of piglets born alive. Marker assisted selection allows to dissect litter size in its component traits and using molecular genetic markers for the components of litter size traits promises more progress and advantages in optimum balancing of the different physiological mechanisms influencing litter size. In this review, efforts being made to unravel the genetic determinants of litter size are accounted and discussed. For litter size traits, more than 50 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped and in more than 12 candidate genes associations confirmed. The number of useful candidate genes is much larger as shown by expression profiles and in addition, much more QTL can be assumed. These functional genomic approaches, both QTL mapping and candidate gene analysis, have to be merged for a better understanding of a wider application across different pig breeds and lines. Newly developed tools based on microarray techniques comprising DNA variants or expressed tags of many genes or even the whole genome appear useful for in depth understanding of the genetics of litter size in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Distl
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
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Buske B, Sternstein I, Brockmann G. QTL and candidate genes for fecundity in sows. Anim Reprod Sci 2006; 95:167-83. [PMID: 16460893 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2005] [Revised: 12/12/2005] [Accepted: 12/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fecundity in pigs is a trait of major economic interest but low heritability. For the improvement of fecundity, genetic markers for selection are desirable and therefore, several searches for genetic variation influencing fecundity have been performed. The aim of this review is to compare and to evaluate all published QTL analyses and candidate gene approaches concerning reproductive traits in sows. For this purpose, we present a comprehensive cytogenetic map comprising 54 QTL and 11 candidate genes with influence on reproductive traits. The evaluation and comparison of the results showed similarities, but also marked differences among studies. Reasons for different results are multicausal and are due to differences between resource populations, number of evaluated animals, mating systems, measured phenotypical traits and environmental influences. We could show that chromosome 8 and to a lower extend chromosome 7 are the most important chromosomes with regard to reproductive traits in pigs. For further research, fine mapping of the identified QTL regions is necessary in order to confirm and to narrow the most likely chromosomal intervals. Although difficult to perform, an advance would be a standardization of the experimental setup in particular, in respect to the collection of phenotypic data. Furthermore, we suggest to publish the information on further identified QTL and candidate genes as comprehensive and accurate as possible in order to allow a more transparent comparison and collation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Buske
- Humboldt-University of Berlin, Agricultural and Horticultural Faculty, Institute of Animal Sciences, Department of Breeding Biology and Molecular Genetics, 10115 Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, Germany.
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Estellé J, Sastre Y, Merchán M, Peiró R, Santacreu MA, Folch JM. TIMP-1 as candidate gene for embryo survival in two divergent lines selected for uterine capacity in rabbits. Mol Reprod Dev 2006; 73:678-84. [PMID: 16496418 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Selection on uterine capacity has been used in animal breeding as a way to improve the litter size. A divergent selection experiment for uterine capacity was performed in rabbits during ten generations. After the first generations of selection, large differences in number of implanted embryos were obtained between high and low lines. The major part of the differences between lines was due to embryo survival. A segregation analysis suggested the presence of a major gene affecting the reproductive traits. The objective of this work was to test the TIMP-1 gene as a candidate gene for embryo survival in rabbits since it stands up as a target for the investigation of reproductive problems in humans. We have analyzed the parental generation of a F2 cross which consists of 8 and 14 animals from the high and low uterine capacity lines, respectively. The rabbit TIMP-1 gene structure and sequence has been determined, including the proximal promoter region. Despite of the absence of polymorphism between lines in the screened regions (CDS, proximal promoter, exon 1, intron 1, and exon 2), a real-time RT-PCR quantification of the TIMP-1 mRNA in oviduct has shown significant differences between high and low lines at 62 hr of gestation, just when rabbit embryos are located in the oviduct, postulating TIMP-1 as an interesting candidate gene to be involved in the phenotypic differences between the two rabbit lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Estellé
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Raeside JI, Christie HL, Renaud RL, Waelchli RO, Betteridge KJ. Estrogen Metabolism in the Equine Conceptus and Endometrium During Early Pregnancy in Relation to Estrogen Concentrations in Yolk-Sac Fluid1. Biol Reprod 2004; 71:1120-7. [PMID: 15163615 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.104.028712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Because estradiol (E(2)) production by the early equine conceptus is considered crucial to the establishment of pregnancy, the amounts of E(2), estrone (E(1)), and their sulfates (E(2)S, E(1)S) were measured by RIA in yolk-sac fluid of 63 conceptuses collected by transcervical lavage over the period of 11-26 days after ovulation. Amounts increased significantly with age of conceptus, especially for E(1)S. Then, the metabolism of E(2), which may be highly relevant for its action, was examined in the conceptus and endometrium over the period when the conceptus ceases to migrate within the uterus. Eleven conceptuses collected mainly on Days 12, 15, and 18, with endometrial biopsy samples taken immediately thereafter, were used for steroid metabolic studies. Trophoblastic and endometrial tissues were incubated with [(3)H]-labeled E(2) or E(1), and with [(14)C]-E(1) in one experiment. Steroids were recovered from the media by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and eluted separately as unconjugated and conjugated fractions. Conjugation increased from Day 12 for the trophoblast (more so by bilaminar than trilaminar tissues on Day 18) and was much greater for endometrium, with almost all as sulfoconjugates. HPLC profiles of free and sulfate fractions were obtained from a gradient of acetonitrile/water. Interconversion (E(2) right harpoon over left harpoon E(1)) by trophoblast varied with development; it favored E(2) in older conceptuses, more in bilaminar than trilaminar tissues. Some more polar products were also noted, with loss of tritium seen as [(3)H](2)O at SPE, and confirmed by HPLC in a second system with authentic reference steroids. Almost all radioactivity in the endometrium was present as E(2) in both free and sulfate fractions. It was concluded that local metabolism of E(2) is quantitatively significant and may play an important role in the actions of the large amounts of estradiol produced by the early equine conceptus.
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Affiliation(s)
- James I Raeside
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1.
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