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Csaba G. Hormonal Imprinting: The First Cellular-level Evidence of Epigenetic Inheritance and its Present State. Curr Genomics 2019; 20:409-418. [PMID: 32476998 PMCID: PMC7235388 DOI: 10.2174/1389202920666191116113524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormonal imprinting takes place perinatally at the first encounter between the developing hormone receptor and its target hormone. This process is needed for the normal function of the receptor-hormone pair and its effect is life-long. However, in this critical period, when the developmental window is open, related molecules (members of the same hormone family, synthetic hormones and hormone-like molecules, endocrine disruptors) also can be bound by the receptor, causing life-long faulty imprinting. In this case, the receptors’ binding capacity changes and alterations are caused at adult age in the sexual and behavioral sphere, in the brain and bones, inclination to diseases and manifestation of diseases, etc. Hereby, faulty hormonal imprinting is the basis of metabolic and immunological imprinting as well as the developmental origin of health and disease (DOHaD). Although the perinatal period is the most critical for faulty imprinting, there are other critical periods as weaning and adolescence, when the original imprinting can be modified or new imprintings develop. Hormonal imprinting is an epigenetic process, without changing the base sequence of DNA, it is inherited in the cell line of the imprinted cells and also transgenerationally (up to 1000 generations in unicellulars and up to the 3rd generation in mammals are justified). Considering the enormously growing number and amount of faulty imprinters (endocrine disruptors) and the hereditary character of faulty imprinting, this latter is threatening the whole human endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Csaba
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Kőhidai L, Tóth K, Samotik P, Ranganathan K, Láng O, Tóth M, Ruskoaho H. Effect of vasoactive peptides in Tetrahymena: chemotactic activities of adrenomedullin, proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 411:271-80. [PMID: 26481478 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AMD), proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were studied for chemotaxis, chemotactic selection and G-actin/F-actin transition in Tetrahymena. The aim of the experiments was to study the effects of two different peptides encoded by the same gene compared to a peptide related to one of the two, but encoded by a different gene, at a low level of phylogeny. The positive, chemotactic effect of ADM and the strong negative, chemorepellent effect of PAMP suggest that in Tetrahymena, the two peptides elicit their chemotactic effects via different signalling mechanisms. The complexity of swimming behaviour modulated by the three peptides underlines that chemotaxis, chemokinesis and some characteristics of migratory behaviour (velocity, tortuosity) are working as a sub-population level complex functional unit. Chemotactic responsiveness to ADM and CGRP is short-term, in contrast to PAMP, which as a chemorepellent ligand, has the ability to select sub-populations with negative chemotactic responsiveness. The different effects of ADM and PAMP on the polymerization of actin networks show that the microtubular structure of cilia is more essential to chemotactic response than are transitions of the actin network. The results draw attention to the characteristic effects of vasoactive peptides at this low level of phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Kőhidai
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Tóth
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Paul Samotik
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Kiran Ranganathan
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Láng
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Miklós Tóth
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Health Science, Alkotás street 44., Budapest, 1123, Hungary
| | - Heikki Ruskoaho
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmcotherapy, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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