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Wu PH, Yu MW, Chuang SC, Wang SN, Kuo KK, Chang WT, Chuang SH, Su WL, Huang JW, Chen LA. Comparison of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration plus cholecystectomy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy for elderly patients with common bile duct stones and gallbladder stones. J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 28:719-724. [PMID: 38503593 DOI: 10.1016/j.gassur.2024.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common bile duct (CBD) stones commonly occur in cholecystectomy cases. The management options include laparoscopic CBD exploration (LCBDE) or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Although ERCP is fully developed, it has complications, and LCBDE is a proven alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these treatments in elderly individuals aged ≥70 years. METHODS A retrospective study between January 2015 and July 2022 included 160 elderly patients (aged ≥70 years) diagnosed with cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis. The patients were divided into 1-stage (LCBDE [n = 80]) or 2-stage (ERCP followed by LC [n = 80]) treatment groups. Data collected encompassed comorbidities, symptoms, bile duct clearance, postoperative complications, and long-term outcomes for systematic analysis. RESULTS This study analyzed 160 patients treated for CBD stones, comparing 1-stage and 2-stage groups. The 1-stage group had more female patients than the 2-stage group (57.5% vs 37.5%, respectively). The 1-stage group had a mean age of 80.55 ± 7.00 years, which was higher than the mean age in the 2-stage group. American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and laboratory findings were similar. Pancreatitis and cholangitis occurred after ERCP in the 2-stage group. Stone clearance rates (92.35% [1-stage group] vs 95.00% [2-stage group]) and biliary leakage incidence (7.5% [1-stage group] vs 3.0% [2-stage group]) were similar, as were postoperative complications and long-term recurrence rates (13.0% [1-stage group] vs 12.5% [2-stage group]). CONCLUSION Our research indicates that both the combination of LCBDE and LC and the sequence of ERCP followed by LC are equally efficient and secure when treating CBD stones in elderly patients. Consequently, the 1-stage procedure may be considered the preferred treatment approach for this demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsuan Wu
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Min-Wei Yu
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chang Chuang
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Nien Wang
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Kai Kuo
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsan Chang
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hung Chuang
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lung Su
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Wei Huang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Ling-An Chen
- Department of Surgery, Ministry of Health and Welfare Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung County, Taiwan
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Lee CE, Lee SJ, Moon JI, Choi IS, Yoon DS, Choi WJ, Lee SE, Sung NS, Kwon SU, Bae IE, Roh SJ, Kim SG. Acute cholecystitis in old adults: the impact of advanced age on the clinical characteristics of the disease and on the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:328. [PMID: 37749524 PMCID: PMC10521416 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impact of advanced age on disease characteristics of acute cholecystitis (AC), and surgical outcomes after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has not been established. METHODS This single-center retrospective study included patients who underwent LC for AC between April 2010 and December 2020. We analyzed the disease characteristics and surgical outcomes according to age: Group 1 (age < 60 years), Group 2 (60 ≤ age < 80 years), and Group 3 (age ≥ 80 years). Risk factors for complications were assessed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Of the 1,876 patients (809 [43.1%] women), 723 were in Group 1, 867 in Group 2, and 286 in Group 3. With increasing age, the severity of AC and combined common bile duct stones increased. Group 3 demonstrated significantly worse surgical outcomes when compared to Group 1 and 2 for overall (4.0 vs. 9.1 vs. 18.9%, p < 0.001) and serious complications (1.2 vs. 4.2 vs. 8.0%, p < 0.001), length of hospital stay (2.78 vs. 3.72 vs. 5.87 days, p < 0.001), and open conversion (0.1 vs. 1.0 vs. 2.1%, p = 0.007). Incidental gallbladder cancer was also the most common in Group 3 (0.3 vs. 1.5 vs. 3.1%, p = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, body mass index < 18.5, moderate/severe AC, and albumin < 2.5 g/dL were significant risk factors for serious complications in Group 3. CONCLUSION Advanced age was associated with severe AC, worse surgical outcomes, and a higher rate of incidental gallbladder cancer following LC. Therefore, in patients over 80 years of age with AC, especially those with poor nutritional status and high severity grading, urgent surgery should be avoided, and surgery should be performed after sufficient supportive care to restore nutritional status before LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho Eun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, 35365, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seung Jae Lee
- Department of Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, 35365, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Ju Ik Moon
- Department of Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, 35365, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - In Seok Choi
- Department of Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, 35365, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dae Sung Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, 35365, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Won Jun Choi
- Department of Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, 35365, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang Eok Lee
- Department of Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, 35365, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Nak Song Sung
- Department of Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, 35365, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seong Uk Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, 35365, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - In Eui Bae
- Department of Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, 35365, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seung Jae Roh
- Department of Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, 35365, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sung Gon Kim
- Department of Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, 35365, Daejeon, South Korea
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Comparison of one-stage laparoscopic common bile duct exploration plus cholecystectomy and two-stage endoscopic sphincterotomy plus laparoscopic cholecystectomy for concomitant gallbladder and common bile duct stones in patients over 80 years old. JOURNAL OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY 2022; 25:11-17. [PMID: 35603338 PMCID: PMC8977497 DOI: 10.7602/jmis.2022.25.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Shin MH, Choi NK. Feasibility of surgeon-performed percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainages in patients with acute cholecystitis. Ann Surg Treat Res 2022; 102:257-262. [PMID: 35611088 PMCID: PMC9111964 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2022.102.5.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of surgeon-performed percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD). Methods Patients treated with PTGBD for acute cholecystitis (AC), performed by surgeons at Chosun University Hospital for 12 months between March 2017 and February 2018, were enrolled retrospectively, into the S-PTGBD group (n = 134). Patients with PTGBD performed by interventional radiologists for 12 months, 6 months before March 2017, and after February 2018, were included in the X-PTGBD group (n = 107). In addition to the basic characteristics of the patients, severity of AC, comorbidities, intervals from hospital admission to the PTGBDs, procedural times, technical success rates, intention-to-treat rates, and complication rates were evaluated and compared. Results Except for the patient’s age (older in S-PTGBD), there were no differences in the patient’s basic profiles, including the severity of the AC and comorbidities. Although the procedural times were significantly shorter in the X-PTGBD group (18.13 minutes vs. 11.39 minutes), effectiveness indicators such as the technical success rates and intention-to-treat rates and safety, such as the major complication rates in the S-PTGBD group, were comparable with those in the X-PTGBD group. The intervals between hospital admissions and PTGBDs were shorter in the S-PTGBD group, although this difference disappeared in the high-risk group. Effectiveness and safety in the high-risk group were also comparable between the groups. Conclusion The PTGBDs performed by surgeons are as effective and safe as those performed by interventional radiologists with faster implementation of PTGBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Shin
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Nam-Kyu Choi
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Is Better than Conservative Treatment in Elderly Patients with Acute Cholecystitis After Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallbladder Drainage. J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 25:3170-3177. [PMID: 34173163 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-021-05067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether cholecystectomy is beneficial after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) in elderly patients with acute cholecystitis (AC). METHODS This single-center, retrospective study included 202 patients aged >80 years with AC without common bile duct (CBD) stones who underwent PTGBD between January 2010 and December 2019. RESULTS One hundred and forty-two patients underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC), and 60 underwent conservative treatment, specifically PTGBD removal (PTGBD-R) in 36 patients and PTGBD maintained (PTGBD-M) in 24 patients. The postoperative major complication (POMC) rate in the ELC group was 8.5%. The cumulative incidence for recurrence of biliary events (BE) in the PTGBD-R group was 22.2%. The cumulative incidence for PTGBD-related complication in the PTGBD-M group was 70.8%. Mortality after initial treatment was not significantly different between the three groups (2.8% vs. 2.8% vs. 8.3%, p=0.381). In multivariate analysis, a Charlson age comorbidity index ≥6 and body mass index ≤19 were significant risk factors for POMC after ELC, and a closed cystic duct was a significant risk factor for recurrent BE after PTGBD-R. CONCLUSION ELC is recommended in AC after PTGBD for selected patients aged >80 years without CBD stones due to the high recurrence rate of BE after PTGBD-R and the difficulty associated with PTGBD-M.
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Abstract
Geriatric patients tend to have subtle presentations of biliary disorders and, if untreated, can decompensate acutely. Each biliary disorder warrants formulation of an individualized treatment plan with a multidisciplinary approach. Acute cholecystitis, a common complication of gallstones, is initially managed by conservative measures and subsequently, among patients with optimal surgical risk, through laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy. High-risk patients undergo temporization, percutaneous or endoscopic, followed by definitive intervention. Acute cholecystitis with complications (ie, perforation, gangrene, or small bowel obstruction) warrants emergent cholecystectomy. Gallstone migration into the biliary system can cause choledocholithiasis, often complicated by biliary pancreatitis or cholangitis if not intervened. Therapy for choledocholithiasis is based on biliary clearance through endoscopic and, infrequently, surgical approaches.
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Cho JY, Kim JY, Chang SK, Kim SG, Hwang YJ, Yun YK. Is Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Safe in Octogenarians? JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SURGICAL SOCIETY 2009. [DOI: 10.4174/jkss.2009.76.4.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ja Yun Cho
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong Yeol Kim
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Su Kurn Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Geol Kim
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Kook Yun
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Outcome Analysis of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Patients Aged 80 Years and Older with Complicated Gallstone Disease. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2007; 17:731-5. [DOI: 10.1089/lap.2007.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Gorgun E, Ozmen V. Acalculous gangrenous cholecystitis in a young adult: a gastrointestinal manifestation of polyarteritis nodosa. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2002; 12:359-61. [PMID: 12409705 DOI: 10.1097/00129689-200210000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The authors report a rare case of an acalculous gangrenous cholecystitis due to a form of vasculitis, polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). An 18-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with worsening symptoms of nausea, fever, intermittent abdominal pain, and high blood pressure that lasted for 4 days. After a sequential work-up, a diagnostic laparoscopy was performed and revealed a gangrenous cholecystitis with spontaneous perforation. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed successfully. The patient had an uneventful recovery period and was discharged on the second postoperative day. The histopathologic examination showed gangrenous and perforated gallbladder, vasculitis, and clues of PAN. The purpose of this article is to describe a rare condition in a young patient that was diagnosed and treated with minimally invasive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Gorgun
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Turkey.
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Abstract
Cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, and pancreatitis are common conditions in the adult patient population that may be challenging to recognize because of their variable clinical presentations and broad differential diagnoses. This article discusses the pathophysiology of each condition and its common complications. The clinical presentation and evaluation of patients is reviewed with emphasis on current diagnostic tests used to identify severity of illness and the presence of complications. Treatment options are presented for straightforward as well as complicated initial management and disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Moscati
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA
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Pilotto A, Franceschi M, Del Favero G, Fabrello R, Di Mario F, Valerio G. The effect of aging on oro-cecal transit time in normal subjects and patients with gallstone disease. AGING (MILAN, ITALY) 1995; 7:234-7. [PMID: 8541377 DOI: 10.1007/bf03324341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To ascertain whether aging and/or cholelithiasis can influence oro-cecal transit time (OCTT), we studied a total of 70 subjects, i.e., 10 healthy young adult controls, 22 healthy elderly controls, 18 elderly cholelithiasis patients and 20 elderly subjects with a history of cholecystectomy for gallstones. OCTT was measured by means of the hydrogen breath test after administering a liquid meal of 10 g of lactulose in 200 mL of water, and collecting exhaled breath samples every 10 minutes for 200 minutes. Of all subjects in the group of patients with a history of cholecystectomy, 6/20 were non-hydrogen producers, and therefore were not included in the study. The OCTT was found to be significantly longer in healthy elderly controls, than in healthy young adult controls; the elderly subjects who had undergone cholecystectomy had a longer OCTT than the healthy elderly controls, while no difference was detected when compared to elderly patients with gallstones. In conclusion, OCTT seems to increase in healthy aging. Cholecystectomy also increases OCTT in the elderly, suggesting a link between intestinal motility and the biliary tract which may be of pathophysiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pilotto
- Divisione di Geriatria, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
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