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Exploiting 16S rRNA-based metagenomics to reveal neglected microorganisms associated with infertility in breeding bulls in Spanish extensive herds. Res Vet Sci 2022; 150:52-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2
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Osawa T. Predisposing factors, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of persistent endometritis in postpartum cows. J Reprod Dev 2021; 67:291-299. [PMID: 34511538 PMCID: PMC8568609 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2021-052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A certain level of endometrial bacterial infection and inflammation is involved in bovine uterine involution during the puerperal period. Factors that hamper normal uterine involution
expose the uterine environment to pathological conditions, causing different endometritis levels. The lack of proper diagnostic tools extends the time to conception. Efforts have been made
to elucidate the postpartum uterine environment, including bacterial flora, changes in transient endometrial inflammation, and the pathophysiology of endometritis, to improve bovine
reproductive performance. E. coli and Trueperella pyogenes in the uterus are likely to cause persistent infection, and Mycoplasma
bovigenitalium infection is associated with dystocia and cytological endometritis in postpartum dairy cows. Due to the widespread use of cytobrush as a diagnostic tool for bovine
subclinical endometritis (SE) that enables quantification of the degree of inflammation, we found that endometritis at week 5 postpartum was associated with delayed first ovulation.
Approximately 30% of open cows have SE during the postpartum period, and cows with low blood glucose during prepartum have a high risk of developing SE. Additionally, cows with purulent
vaginal discharge do not always have endometritis but only vaginitis and/or cervicitis. Intrauterine infusion of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) improves fertility and promotes
endometrial epithelial cell regeneration after inducing transient uterine inflammation, suggesting that PVP-I could be a good alternative to antibiotics. In conclusion, prepartum management
to prevent glucose deficiency, prompt diagnosis to identify causative agents and intrauterine inflammation levels, and appropriate treatment to minimize antimicrobial resistance is
beneficial for tackling endometritis and improving reproductive performance in bovine herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Osawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Vasiliev R, Kovalev S, Trushkin V, Prusakov A, Ponamarev V. The state of some protective factors of the vaginal mucosa in healthy cows and cows with mycoplasmosis. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213606008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genital mycoplasmosis in cows is a disease accompanied by a latent course, which complicates its timely diagnosis and the appointment of specific treatment. This disease may lead to infertility. An obstacle to the introduction of pathogens into the epithelium of the mucous membrane is a variety of defense mechanisms. A study of the state of the protective properties of the vaginal mucosa in healthy and mycoplasma-infected cows was carried out by determining the concentration of hydrogen ions and immunoglobulins in vaginal secretions. The results of the study showed a shift in the reaction of vaginal secretions towards neutrality in mycoplasmosis. Thus, the persistence of mycoplasmas in the mucous membrane of the vagina of cows causes a change in the protective properties of the vaginal secretion, as a result of which conditions are created that promote the activation of pathogenic microflora.
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Gille L, Callens J, Supré K, Boyen F, Haesebrouck F, Van Driessche L, van Leenen K, Deprez P, Pardon B. Use of a breeding bull and absence of a calving pen as risk factors for the presence of Mycoplasma bovis in dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:8284-8290. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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dos Santos SB, de Souza Neto OL, de Albuquerque PPF, da Rocha Mota A, de Cássia Peixoto Kim P, de Moraes EPBX, do Nascimento ER, do Mota RA. Detection of Ureaplasma spp. in semen samples from sheep in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 44:911-4. [PMID: 24516459 PMCID: PMC3910211 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013000300040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to verify the presence of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas DNA in sheep semen samples from the State of Pernambuco. The PCR assay was conducted of according with standard protocols with generic primers. Mollicutes DNA was detected in 26.0% and Ureaplasma spp. in 12.0% of semen samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Batista dos Santos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - André da Rocha Mota
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elmiro Rosendo do Nascimento
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Veterinary Medicine School, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Apareci do Mota
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Alves BH, Silva JG, Mota AR, Campos AC, Júnior JW, Santos SB, Mota RA. Mycoplasma agalactiae in semen and milk of goat from Pernambuco state, Brazil. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2013001100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In goat and sheep flocks, mycoplasmosis is a disease that may cause severe economical losses associated with polyarthritis, mastitis, agalactia, conjunctivitis, pneumonia and reproductive failure. The latter may involve repeat breeding, granular vulvovaginitis, infertility and abortions. The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma) in semen and milk samples from naturally infected goat in the semiarid region from Pernambuco State, Northeast from Brazil. Thirty-nine semen samples and 81 milk samples were submitted to DNA extraction using a commercially available kit and following the manufacturer's instructions. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was then performed in accordance with protocols described in the literature. The results of the present study revealed the presence of Ma in the DNA of 17.9% (7/39) of the semen samples and 3.7% (3/81) of the milk samples. The results obtained in the present study confirm the elimination of the DNA of Ma in the semen and milk samples. The presence of this agent in goat flocks is considered very risky in terms of reproductive disorders and contagious agalactia outbreaks in the Northeast region of Brazil.
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Ghanem ME, Higuchi H, Tezuka E, Ito H, Devkota B, Izaike Y, Osawa T. Mycoplasma infection in the uterus of early postpartum dairy cows and its relation to dystocia and endometritis. Theriogenology 2013; 79:180-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cardoso Júnior M, Teixeira S, Miyashiro S, Vasconcellos S, Gregory L, Genovez M. ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE TÉCNICAS DE ISOLAMENTO E PCR PARA DETECÇÃO DE MYCOPLASMA E UREAPLASMA DIVERSUM EM MUCO PREPUCIAL E SÊMEN IN NATURA DE TOUROS DE MONTA NATURAL E CENTRAL DE INSEMINAÇÃO ARTIFICIAL. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657v73p0332006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Com o objetivo de aprimorar os métodos diagnósticos em micoplasmoses foi realizado um estudo utilizando-se muco prepucial e sêmen innatura de touros de monta natural e de uma central de inseminação artificial com o objetivo de reduzir o tempo necessário para a emissão de resultados e aumentar os níveis de detecção, assumindo o isolamento bacteriano, técnica dependente da viabilidade microbiana, como teste gold standard. Cento e setenta e cinco amostras de muco prepucial e 143 amostras de sêmen fresco foram estudadas. Através da técnica de PCR (Reação da Polimerase em Cadeia), uma triagem prévia das amostras foi realizada para detecção de Mollicutes, utilizando-se o sistema MGSP/GPO-1. Primers espécie-específicos para Mycoplasma bovigenitalium e Ureaplasma diversum foram posteriormente utilizados. Ao isolamento, foram observados 45,1% (79/175) de positivos para Mollicutes e 66,5% (115/173) para U. diversum em muco de prepucial. Comparativamente, a PCR revelou 63,7% (109/171) de amostras positivas através de sistema de MGSP/GPO-1, 42,6% (72/169) de amostras positivas para M. bovigenitalium e 72,9% (124/170) para U. diversum. O estudo das amostras de sêmen apresentou 22,5% (32/142) de positivos para Mollicutes e 51,7% (74/143) para U. diversum, através do isolamento. Pela PCR, foram detectadas 24,1% (33/137) de amostras positivas no sistema MGSP/GPO-1, 27,4% (34/124) de amostras positivas para M. bovigenitalium e 56,6% (73/129) para U. diversum. O teste de McNemar para presença de Mollicutes em muco de prepucial (p = 0,57), mostrou que o sistema MGSP/GPO-1 pode ter um valor considerável quando associado à detecção específica de U. diversum, apresentando uma boa sensibilidade (75,2%), porém baixa especificidade (58,9%). A análise estatística mostrou que o sistema MGSP/GPO-1 de triagem poderia substituir o isolamento preliminar para Mycoplasma spp. em amostras de sêmen (p = 0,86).
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Sylla L, Stradaioli G, Manuali E, Rota A, Zelli R, Vincenti L, Monaci M. The effect of Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides LC of bovine origin on in vitro fertilizing ability of bull spermatozoa and embryo development. Anim Reprod Sci 2005; 85:81-93. [PMID: 15556311 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2003] [Revised: 02/18/2004] [Accepted: 03/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Several Mycoplasma species may adversely affect bovine spermatozoa viability and embryo development. Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides large-colony (LC) has been isolated from naturally aborted bovine fetuses and from bull semen. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether M. mycoides ssp. mycoides LC contaminated bovine ejaculates could (i) impair in vitro fertilizing ability of bull spermatozoa, (ii) impair embryo development, and (iii) evaluate potential spread by reproductive technologies. In the present study, spermatozoa of 10 fertile bulls were contaminated with M. mycoides ssp. mycoides LC, at a final concentration of 1.5 million CFU/ml and incubated for 60 min before evaluating spermatozoa motility and acrosome reaction inducibility with calcium ionophore. In addition, in vitro contaminated semen of a bull previously shown to have a good in vitro fertilizing ability, was used in an IVF procedure. Embryo development stage on Day-7 of culture was evaluated. Spermatozoa and embryos at morula and blastocyst stages were routinely processed for transmission electron microscopy observation. Both mean total and progressive motility decreased (P < 0.01 ) upon spermatozoa incubation with Mycoplasma. One-hour incubation with calcium ionophore increased the percentage of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa, although Mycoplasma contamination reduced calcium ionophore treatment efficacy (P < 0.05). Ultrastructurally, Mycoplasma microorganisms appeared as moderately electron-dense sphere-shaped particles, adhering to cell membranes. Sperm mid-piece sections showed numeric aberrations of the central singlets such as nine + zero or nine + one of the axonemal complex. Further morphological abnormalities included partial or total absence of dinein arms and radial fibers, with lack of the bridge and the central ring in 35.00 +/- 4.20% of contaminated cells, whereas these abnormalities were not observed in uninfected ones. The IVF trials showed that two-four cell blocks were higher (P < 0.05) in the infected group. Ultrastructure of Day-7 contaminated embryos showed Mycoplasma particles adhering and infiltrating the outer layer of the zona pellucida. Our investigations suggest that M. mycoides ssp. mycoides LC contaminating the bovine ejaculate induced adverse effects on in vitro spermatozoa-fertilizing ability and embryonic development. Some satisfactory quality transferable embryos could be produced in contaminated IVF systems. This could imply a potential transmission of this microorganism through reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sylla
- Department of Pathology, Diagnostic and Veterinary Clinics, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Cardoso MV, Scarcelli E, Grasso LM, Teixeira SR, Genovez ME. Ureaplasma diversum and reproductive disorder in Brazilian cows and heifers; first report. Anim Reprod Sci 2000; 63:137-43. [PMID: 10989224 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4320(00)00176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The species Ureaplasma diversum is associated with bovine reproductive illnesses, in particular granular lesions of the vulva and vagina or granular vulvovaginitis (GVV). In Brazil, this pathology is unknown and, until this point in time, the presence of U. diversum in the Brazilian herds has been ignored. With the intention of detecting the microorganism, vulvovaginal mucuses of 152 animals located on seven farms in the São Paulo State, Brazil were analyzed. Those animals had evidence of reproductive disorders at the time of the sample collection. The technique used for microorganism detection was bacterial isolation. Statistical analysis assessed: the exposure of studied farms to U. diversum, relative risks for different symptoms, susceptibility of the animals according to age and breed. The frequency of that microorganism in tested animals was 38.8% and this frequency suggests that U. diversum can be related to GVV in Brazilian herds and possibly with other reproductive illnesses. As a result, the U. diversum differential diagnosis could be very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Cardoso
- LDBR, Centro de Sanidade Animal (Animal Health Center), Instituto Biológico, Averida Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, SP-CEP 04114-002, 1252, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Bielanski A, Devenish J, Phipps-Todd B. Effect of Mycoplasma bovis and Mycoplasma bovigenitalium in semen on fertilization and association with in vitro produced morula and blastocyst stage embryos. Theriogenology 2000; 53:1213-23. [PMID: 10832747 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(00)00266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Frozen-thawed bovine semen contaminated with Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) or Mycoplasma bovigenitalium (M. bovigenitalium) at either a high (10(6) CFU/mL) or low (10(4) CFU/mL) concentration was used for bovine oocyte insemination. The resulting embryos were washed 10 times as recommended by the International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS) prior to isolation of agent. A total of 1494 oocytes was inseminated with contaminated sperm cells and 855 oocytes with uninfected control semen. There was a significantly higher proportion of embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage in control than in the mycoplasma exposed groups (P<0.05). Isolation of motile spermatozoa by swim-up procedure prior to insemination did not render sperm cells free of Mycoplasma spp. Although M. bovis was isolated from all washed embryos after the high exposure level, it was found in only 60% of the samples after the low exposure level. In contrast, M. bovigenitalium was isolated from 70 and 12% of washed embryos exposed to the high and low levels of microorganism, respectively. Using scanning electron microscopy, both microorganisms were detected in association with the surface of zona pellucida-intact embryos and with sperm cells. These results indicate that mycoplasmas present in semen can be transmitted through the IVF system and infect embryos. Furthermore, the experiments showed that supplementation of culture media with standard antibiotics and washing embryos as recommended by IETS were not effective in rendering IVF embryos free from M. bovis and M. bovigenitalium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bielanski
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Animal Diseases Research Institute, Germplasm Centre of Expertise, Nepean, Ontario
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Vasconcellos Cardoso M, Blanchard A, Ferris S, Verlengia R, Timenetsky J, Florio Da Cunha RA. Detection of Ureaplasma diversum in cattle using a newly developed PCR-based detection assay. Vet Microbiol 2000; 72:241-50. [PMID: 10727834 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(99)00203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ureaplasma diversum has been associated with different clinical manifestations including bovine vulvitis, endometritis, salpingitis, spontaneous abortion and infertility. Because the isolation of this ureaplasma from clinical samples is difficult, there is a need for improved detection methods. We developed a PCR assay based on amplification of a region of the gene encoding 16S rRNA. The specificity of the amplification was verified by sequence analysis. Female bovine vaginal swabs (n=168) were collected and the presence of U. diversum evaluated by both culture methods and by the PCR assay. Culture was positive for 60 samples (35.7%), and PCR-specific amplification was obtained for 89 samples (52.9%). These results indicated a high prevalence of U. diversum in the selected animals and the higher sensitivity of this PCR assay as compared to culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vasconcellos Cardoso
- Laboratório de Doenças Bacterianas da Reprodução, Centro de Sanidade Animal, Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Seminal vesiculitis is the most common inflammatory condition affecting the reproductive tract of the bull. It represents a serious source of economic loss. This ailment is frequently seen in young peripubertal bulls and occasionally in older bulls, and it can negatively affect semen quality. Multiple etiologic agents have been cultured from seminal vesiculitis cases. Medical therapy is often unsuccessful; however, surgery offers some hope for selected young bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cavalieri
- Department of Food Animal and Equine Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
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Barr BC, Anderson ML. Infectious diseases causing bovine abortion and fetal loss. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 1993; 9:343-68. [PMID: 8348376 DOI: 10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides a review of the major infectious diseases responsible for bovine abortion and fetal loss. Parameters necessary for disease recognition and diagnosis are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Barr
- California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System, University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis
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Eaglesome MD, Garcia MM. The effect of Mycoplasma bovis on fertilization processes in vitro with bull spermatozoa and zona-free hamster oocytes. Vet Microbiol 1990; 21:329-37. [PMID: 2316183 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(90)90004-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Mycoplasma bovis (Donetta strain) on the ability of bull spermatozoa to interact with zona pellucida-free hamster oocytes was studied in an in vitro assay. Ejaculates of semen from a fertile Holstein bull were used fresh on the day of collection (unextended semen) as well as diluted with egg yolk-citrate and used the following day (extended semen). The addition of M. bovis to both unextended and extended semen at a mycoplasma to sperm cell ratio of 10:1 significantly reduced sperm penetration rates and the mean number of sperm per penetrated egg. Similarly, the ability of spermatozoa to form pronuclei and the activation of penetrated oocytes were adversely affected by M. bovis. No apparent effect on sperm motility was detected. When M. bovis was added to the oocytes, there was a marked reduction in the sperm penetration rates and fertilization processes suggesting that the organism affects certain oocyte function(s). The results indicate that the presence of M. bovis in semen or in the female reproductive tract may affect fertilization. Moreover, the in vitro assay with hamster oocytes was found to be useful for demonstrating the effects of contaminating microbial agents on bovine fertilization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Eaglesome
- Agriculture Canada, Animal Diseases Research Institute, NEPEAN, Ont
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