System times and time horizons for biospheric near-matches of primarily non-photic environmental cycles

About 21-year hale cyclic signature in agriculture complement those in biomedicine

Data on total cultivated area and total production of wheat and rye, barley and two-row barley, corn, soya and sunflower in Romania (1968-2000) are re-analyzed from the viewpoint of chronomics. An about 10.7-year component is detected with borderline statistical significance. A 3-component model consisting of cosine curves, with periods of 3.62, 2.48 and 2.15 years, accounts for 27% of the overall variability. Transdisciplinary chronomics is advocated to systematically map predictable dynamics in agriculture such as Hale-like cycles in corn and soja and their interactions with chronomes of external environmental factors.

Stress/strain/life revisited. Quantification by blood pressure chronomics: benetensive, transtensive or maletensive chrono-vasculo-neuro-immuno-modulation

We propose to initiate the automatic self-assessment of wear and tear as "stress and strain" by the time structures of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), in order to arrive eventually at an individualized timely and timed routine of life and to early preventive intervention as soon as needed. The routine may involve physiological scheduling of physical and mental activities and meals, and if need be of non-drug or drug treatment for stress amplification, e.g., by exercise, and/or strain (not stress) relief by relaxation. In so doing, we recognize the circulation as a pillar and marker of preventive and active neuroimmunomodulation (NIM), suggesting that some concerns of a vasculo- and broader NIM can be quantified by transdisciplinary chronobiology using its cartography--chronomics--of time structures, i.e., chronomes, from chronos = time and nomos = rule. Thus, we are introducing the chronomics of BP, HR and of other variables in the historical context of pioneers who were indispensable to experimental medicine. We build upon their contributions, but we must point out when, in the past, by necessity rather than choice, the giants provided rationalizing truisms that are no substitute for systematic serial data collection and appropriate computer analysis. A time-unspecified spotcheck as a baseline is much better than no measurement, but very often it is not enough, and it is always insufficient when an estimate of variability constitutes the information needed. For dynamic cycles, there are only reference cycles as a routine, although when maps are available, single timed spotchecks can be invaluable. With reference to their historical context, here we rely only upon data which necessity, rather than philosophy, compels us to collect.

Time structures, chronomes, of soldiers' stature mimicking hale cycle in neonatal body length

The systematic patterns in human adult physical stature are explored in connection with Wolf's relative sunspot numbers. This topic should be of interest to economists, physicians as well as physicists. There is a need for more than a check of any similarity of curves in variables approximating the economy and human stature and for more than the application of mathematical models, as done herein. Ours is at best a halting step at one frequency, presented only to document the challenge of a transdisciplinary approach to multifrequency intermodulations of hosts of variables, yet to be untangled. The circumstance that at birth some decisions concerning adult stature are already made is challenging. The signature of the environment in terms of the about 21-year Hale bipolarity cycle of Wolf's relative sunspot numbers found in adult soldiers shows that the association at birth is not a transient one, even if other evidence beyond our scope herein points to the possibility that observations on presumably healthy soldiers can be extrapolated to abnormal growth. Nonetheless, the task for those concerned with short stature could become preventive if the sensitive stages when growth may be inhibited by the environment could be found, as well as means to shield from or counter the undesirable effects.

A chronomic tree of life: ontogenetic and phylogenetic ‘memories’ of primordial cycles — keys to ethics

A scientific optimization may become possible in ethics to the extent to which any reproducible since cyclic features of spirituality and of criminality become measurable. Should either or both the 'good' or the 'bad' be found to be at least passively influenced by cyclic physical environmental factors, as is putatively the case, these aspects of behavior may eventually become actively manipulable, perhaps utilizable for human survival. Toward this goal, chronomics has already mapped time structures in religious behavior that can lead to a study of underlying geographic/geomagnetic latitude-associated mechanisms. This paper, with further but clearly insufficient data, revealing the hurdle of relative brevity of the available time series constitutes a plea for much longer and denser worldwide time series, for further endeavors in various methods of analyses, some of which are promisingly available.

Chronomics: circadian and circaseptan timing of radiotherapy, drugs, calories, perhaps nutriceuticals and beyond

We suggest a putative benefit from timing nutriceuticals (substances that are both nutrients and pharmaceuticals) such as antioxidants for preventive or curative health care, based on the proven merits of timing nutrients, drugs, and other treatments, as documented, i.a., in India. The necessity of timing melatonin, a major antioxidant, is noted. A protocol to extend the scope of chronoradiotherapy awaits testing. Imaging in time by mapping rhythms and broader time structures, chronomes, for earliest diagnoses, for example detection of vascular disease risk, is recommended. The study of rhythms and broader chronomes leads to a dynamic functional genomics, guided by imaging in time of free radicals and antioxidants, amongst many other variables.

Blood pressure self-surveillance for health also reflects 1.3-year Richardson solar wind variation: spin-off from chronomics

Self-experimentation concerns not only scientists, but also each individual for the sake of his/her chronobiologic health and science literacy, eventually to be acquired in primary and secondary education. Public education ensures that everybody who knows how to read or write can dispense with the service of a costly scribe. At all ages, public education can teach equally well how to find out whether one's blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) responds to an increase in sodium intake with a rise, with no change or with a decrease in BP. This task and many others could become a matter of informed self-surveillance. Whenever there are inter-individual, sometimes opposite differences in response, government-sponsored trials on groups that do not consider such differences cannot solve what only the individual can do, at first by help from schools. Eventually special institutions may be designed for chronomics, the monitoring, interpretation and archivization of chronomes (time structures; from chronos = time and nomos = rule) of biological variables, also charged with a demographic analyzing and reporting system. Each individual's properly coded record, to guard confidentiality, becomes part of a promptly accessible database for one's own needs and for society's requirements. What individuals and small groups started as chronobiology, what is immediately available on back burners, as a service by an international project on the biosphere and the cosmos (BIOCOS) (corne001@umn.edu) could become a public system of planned surveillance archivization of one's rhythms from womb to tomb. Alterations of a rhythm's amplitude or acrophase or of a deterministic or other chaotic endpoint, such as a correlation dimension and approximate entropy, or of a standard deviation, among a multitude of other endpoints, can signal (in the otherwise neglected normal range) reversible risk elevations. If these elevated risks are detected and prompt the institution of countermeasures, such prehabilitation can save the cost of rehabilitation or of long-term care after morbid events; suffering also can be prevented such as that by those who are unlucky enough to helplessly survive a massive brain, heart or societal "stroke". As an equally important dividend, science gains in basic and applied terms, as illustrated herein by the demonstration of a trans-year, an approximately 1.3 to 1.6-year, heretofore unknown component of the human BP and HR spectrum, beating with the circannual component and characterizing the same data. Chronomically interpreted self-monitoring is a civic duty for both one's health and everybody's science.