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Singh IS, Nyau C. Quantification of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Edible Wild-Mushrooms in Copperbelt and Western Provinces of Zambia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 2020; 11:1-12. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2020.111001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
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Antigenotoxic Properties of Agaricus blazei against Hydrogen Peroxide in Human Peripheral Blood Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8759764. [PMID: 28316757 PMCID: PMC5339630 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8759764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability of Agaricus blazei mushroom in its dried and powdered mycelial form was evaluated for its antigenotoxic properties for the first time. Antigenotoxic effects in human peripheral blood cells against H2O2-induced DNA damage were examined in pretreatment and posttreatment protocol by comet assay. The results showed better antigenotoxic properties of Agaricus blazei on the interventional level, respectively, after treatment. Agaricus blazei in concentration of 250 μg/mL after treatment was most efficient in regard to its action against DNA damage. The evaluation of repair kinetics showed decrease in H2O2 induced DNA damage 15 min after the application of A. blazei, reaching the maximum potency after 30 min. Analysis of antioxidant properties of Agaricus blazei revealed strong •OH scavenging properties and moderate reducing power, while its DPPH scavenging ability was weak. In regard to our findings, we can conclude that our preliminary results demonstrated antigenotoxic properties of Agaricus blazei and its strong •OH scavenging ability. Mechanisms underlying its properties should be further evaluated in in vivo studies.
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Kang IS, Kim RI, Kim GS, Kim NR, Shin JY, Kim C. Effects of Agaricus blazei Murill Water Extract on Immune Response in BALB/c Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2015.44.11.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Photoprotective and Antimutagenic Activity of Agaricus subrufescens Basidiocarp Extracts. Curr Microbiol 2015; 71:476-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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da Silva Nascimento Santos M, Leite EL. Polysaccharides from the Fungus Scleroderma/Fungi. POLYSACCHARIDES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_19-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Mourão F, Harue Umeo S, Seiko Takemura O, Andrea Linde G, Barros Colauto N. Antioxidant Activity of Agaricus brasiliensis Basidiocarps on Different Maturation Phases. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 42:197-202. [PMID: 24031621 PMCID: PMC3768950 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822011000100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Different maturation phases of basidiocarp could affect the bioactivity and concentration of some active substances. A. brasiliensis Wasser et al. (A. blazei Murrill) has shown antitumor activity that could be related to the antioxidant activity. However there is no information of the best basidiocarp maturation phase for extracting antioxidant substances in order to determine the moment of harvesting in mushroom cultivation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of A. brasiliensis strains on different basidiocarp maturation phases. The best condition for extraction of A. brasiliensis antioxidants is with methanol as solvent at 60 °C for 60 min. Strains with closed basidiocarp have higher antioxidant activity than with opened basidiocarp. Antioxidant activity varies in each strain. It was concluded that A. brasiliensis is a natural source of antioxidant compounds. Also there is higher antioxidant activity in closed than opened caps and consequently higher functional activity. It reinforces the synergic action among different A. brasiliensis compounds as a functional food and the importance of further investigation for isolation and characterization of antioxidant substances of A. brasiliensis. It also determines the best harvest period in order to obtain the highest antioxidant activity from basidiocarp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielly Mourão
- Universidade Paranaense, Campus I de Umuarama, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular , Umuarama, PR , Brasil
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John PA, Wong KH, Naidu M, Sabaratnam V, David P. Combination Effects of Curcumin and Aqueous Extract of Lignosus rhinocerotis Mycelium on Neurite Outgrowth Stimulation Activity in PC-12 Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors are necessary for neuronal navigation to form viable neuronal networks. These factors are high molecular weight polypeptides that cannot cross the blood brain-barrier. Therefore, small molecules from mushrooms and plants are utilized to maintain neuronal function or up-regulate neurotrophic factors. The present study investigated whether a combination of Lignosus rhinocerotis mycelium aqueous extract and curcumin was more effective than L. rhinocerotis mycelium or curcumin alone in the stimulation of neurite outgrowth of PC-12 cells. The maximum neurite extension for L. rhinocerotis and curcumin was at 21.1% at 20 μg/mL and 29.5% at 10 μg/mL, respectively. Combining 20 μg/mL of L. rhinocerotis with one μg/mL curcumin gave 27.2% neurite extension. This combination was preferred because high concentrations of curcumin were toxic to cells. In the combination, 20 μg/mL of L. rhinocerotis enhanced neurite outgrowth activity at a lower dosage of curcumin at one μg/mL, and produced a comparable percentage of neurite outgrowth stimulation activity to L. rhinocerotis and curcumin alone in PC-12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla A. John
- Mushroom Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kah - Hui Wong
- Mushroom Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Murali Naidu
- Mushroom Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vikineswary Sabaratnam
- Mushroom Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pamela David
- Mushroom Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Gameiro PH, Nascimento JS, Rocha BHG, Piana CFB, Santos RA, Takahashi CS. Antimutagenic effect of aqueous extract from Agaricus brasiliensis on culture of human lymphocytes. J Med Food 2013; 16:180-3. [PMID: 23289788 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mushroom Agaricus brasiliensis (sun mushroom), native from the southeast of Brazil, is well known by its medicinal properties that include effects on diabetes, cholesterol levels, and osteoporosis. The antimutagenic effects of A. brasiliensis has been investigated recently and revealed some controversial results depending on the temperature by which the A. brasiliensis tea is obtained. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the A. brasiliensis extract prepared in two different temperatures, 4°C and 25°C, on the doxorubicin-induced DNA strand breaks and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in human lymphocytes. The results demonstrated that A. brasiliensis was able to reduce the DXR-induced DNA damage in both temperatures; however, the CA test was more sensitive to demonstrate a better reduction when the cells were treated with an extract obtained at 25°C. A. brasiliensis extract obtained in different temperatures exhibited antigenotoxic and anticlastogenic effects in human lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula H Gameiro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Mourão F, Umeo SH, Bertéli MBD, Lourenço EL, Junior AG, Takemura OS, Linde GA, Colauto NB. Anti-inflammatory activity ofAgaricus blazeiin different basidiocarp maturation phases. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2011.581272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Ishii PL, Prado CK, Mauro MDO, Carreira CM, Mantovani MS, Ribeiro LR, Dichi JB, Oliveira RJ. Evaluation of Agaricus blazei in vivo for antigenotoxic, anticarcinogenic, phagocytic and immunomodulatory activities. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 59:412-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ganeshpurkar A, Rai G, Jain AP. Medicinal mushrooms: Towards a new horizon. Pharmacogn Rev 2010; 4:127-35. [PMID: 22228952 PMCID: PMC3249912 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.70904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The arising awareness about functional food has created a boom in this new millennium. Mushrooms are widely consumed by the people due to their nutritive and medicinal properties. Belonging to taxonomic category of basidiomycetes or ascomycetes, these mushrooms possess antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. They are also one of the richest source of anticancer and immunomodulating agents. Thus these novel myochemicals from these mushrooms are the wave of future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ganeshpurkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Ram Institute of Technology- Pharmacy, In front of ITI, Madhotal, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh – 482 002, India
| | - G. Rai
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Ram Institute of Technology- Pharmacy, In front of ITI, Madhotal, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh – 482 002, India
| | - A. P. Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Ram Institute of Technology- Pharmacy, In front of ITI, Madhotal, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh – 482 002, India
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DE LIMA PATRICIALALVES, RIBEIRO DANIELA, SUGUI MARINAM, TEREZAN ANAPAULA, DOMINGUES MARIAAPARECIDAC, FILHO ER, AZEVEDO LUCIANA, SALVADORI DAISYMF, RIBEIRO LUCIAR. STORAGE RESULTS IN LOSS OF THE ANTIGENOTOXIC PROPERTIES OF LENTINULA EDODES(SHIITAKE MUSHROOM) AND DEVELOPMENT OF IN VIVOGENOTOXICITY. J Food Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Angeli JPF, Ribeiro LR, Camelini CM, de Mendonça MM, Mantovani MS. Evaluation of the antigenotoxicity of polysaccharides and β-glucans from Agaricus blazei, a model study with the single cell gel electrophoresis/Hep G2 assay. J Food Compost Anal 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Matuo R, Oliveira RJ, Silva AF, Mantovani MS, Ribeiro LR. Anticlastogenic Activity of Aqueous Extract ofAgaricus blazeiin Drug-Metabolizing Cells (HTCs) During Cell Cycle. Toxicol Mech Methods 2008; 17:147-52. [DOI: 10.1080/15376510600899456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hetland G, Johnson E, Lyberg T, Bernardshaw S, Tryggestad AMA, Grinde B. Effects of the Medicinal MushroomAgaricus blazeiMurill on Immunity, Infection and Cancer. Scand J Immunol 2008; 68:363-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2008.02156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Properties and biological functions of polysaccharides and ethanolic extracts isolated from medicinal fungus, Fomitopsis pinicola. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bellini MF, Cabrioti LN, Terezan AP, Jordão BQ, Ribeiro LR, Mantovani MS. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Agaricus blazei methanolic extract fractions assessed using gene and chromosomal mutation assays. Genet Mol Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572008000100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Faccin LC, Benati F, Rincão VP, Mantovani MS, Soares SA, Gonzaga ML, Nozawa C, Carvalho Linhares RE. Antiviral activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts and of an isolated polysaccharide from Agaricus brasiliensis against poliovirus type 1. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007; 45:24-8. [PMID: 17594456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2007.02153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Agaricus brasiliensis (previously named Agaricus blazei ss. Heinem), also known as the sun mushroom is native of Southeast Brazil, and is widely consumed, mainly in the form of tea, due to its nutritional and pharmacological properties. In this study, we tested aqueous (AqE) and ethanol (EtOHE) extracts and an isolated polysaccharide (PLS) from the fruiting body of A. brasiliensis, for antiviral activity against poliovirus type 1 in HEp-2 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS The evaluation of the time of addition by plaque assay showed that when AqE, PLS and EtOHE were added, just after the virus inoculation (time 0 h), there was a concentration-dependent reduction in the number of plaques up to 50%, 67% and 88%, respectively, with a selectivity index (SI) of 5.4, 9.9 and 12.3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The test substances showed antiviral activity and were more effective when added during the poliovirus infection. As they had little effect on reducing viral adsorption and did not show any virucidal effect, we suggest that they act at the initial stage of the replication of poliovirus. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These results corroborate that basidiomycetes can be a rich source of potential antiviral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Faccin
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Hsu CH, Liao YL, Lin SC, Hwang KC, Chou P. The mushroom Agaricus Blazei Murill in combination with metformin and gliclazide improves insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Altern Complement Med 2007; 13:97-102. [PMID: 17309383 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2006.6054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complementary and alternative medicine use in adults with type 2 diabetes is popular. Although most of the herbs and supplements appear to be safe, there is still insufficient evidence that demonstrates their definitive beneficial effects. This study was done to determine whether the supplement of Agaricus blazei Murill extract improves insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a clinical randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Of a population of 536 registered diabetes patients with 72 subjects (1) aged between 20 and 75 years, (2) being Chinese, (3) having type 2 diabetes for more than 1 year, and (4) having been taking gliclazide and metformin for more than 6 months were enrolled in this study. The enrolled patients were randomly assigned to either receiving supplement of Agaricus blazei Murill (ABM) extract or placebo (cellulose) 1500 mg daily for 12 weeks. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used as the major outcome measurement. RESULTS At the end of the study, subjects who received supplement of ABM extract (n = 29) showed significantly lower HOMA-IR index (3.6[standard deviation, 2.5] versus 6.6[standard deviation, 7.4], p = 0.04) than the control group (n = 31). The plasma adiponectin concentration increased 20.0(standard deviation, 40.7)% in the ABM group after 12 weeks of treatment, but decreased 12.0(20.0)% among those taking the placebo (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Supplement of ABM extract improves insulin resistance among subjects with type 2 diabetes. The increase in adiponectin concentration after taking AMB extract for 12 weeks might be the mechanism that brings the beneficial effect. Studies with longer periods of follow-up should be conducted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hua Hsu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Taiwan
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Ribeiro LR, Mantovani MS, Ribeiro DA, Salvadori DMF. Brazilian natural dietary components (annatto, propolis and mushrooms) protecting against mutation and cancer. Hum Exp Toxicol 2006; 25:267-72. [PMID: 16758769 DOI: 10.1191/0960327106ht623oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Considering the high number of new cancer cases in Brazil (approximately 470000 cases in 2005) and the remarkable differences in the incidence of this disease around the world, the development of chemopreventive strategies using foods widely consumed would have a huge impact, both medically and economically. This review summarizes some of our studies conducted to verify the anti-mutagenic and anti-carcinogenic potential of some Brazilian natural dietary constituents (annatto, mushrooms, and propolis). Overall data have shown a clear role for these compounds in preventing mutation and specific preneoplastic lesions. Taken together, these agents indicate a favorable side-effect profile and may prove to be a promising alternative for cancer prevention strategies, although more investigation is needed to fully explore this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP, Botucatu - SP, Brazil
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Angeli JPF, Ribeiro LR, Gonzaga MLC, Soares SDA, Ricardo MPSN, Tsuboy MS, Stidl R, Knasmueller S, Linhares RE, Mantovani MS. Protective effects of β-glucan extracted from Agaricus brasiliensis against chemically induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Cell Biol Toxicol 2006; 22:285-91. [PMID: 16802105 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-006-0087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Accepted: 04/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
beta-Glucans (BGs) are polysaccharides that are found in the cell walls of organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and some cereals. The objective of the present study was to investigate the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of BG extracted from the mushroom Agaricus brasiliensis (=Agaricus blazei Murrill ss. Heinemann). The mutagenic activity of BG was tested in single-cell gel electrophoresis assays with human peripheral lymphocytes. In addition, the protective effects against the cooked food mutagen 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2) and (+/-)-anti-B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), which is the main metabolite of B[a]P, and against ROS (H(2)O(2))-induced DNA damage, were studied. The results showed that the compound itself was devoid of mutagenic activity, and that a significant dose-dependent protective effect against damage induced by hydrogen peroxide and Trp-P-2 occurred in the dose range 20-80 microg/ml. To investigate the prevention of Trp-P-2-induced DNA damage, a binding assay was carried out to determine whether BG inactivates the amine via direct binding. Since no such interactions were observed, it is likely that BG interacts with enzymes involved in the metabolism of the amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P F Angeli
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Bellini MF, Terezan AP, Ribeiro LR, Mantovani MS. In Vitro Metabolism Effect on Genotoxicity and Antigenotoxicity of Agaricus blazei Organics and Aqueous Extracts by the Comet Assay. CYTOLOGIA 2006. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.71.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bellini MF, Angeli JPF, Matuo R, Terezan AP, Ribeiro LR, Mantovani MS. Antigenotoxicity of Agaricus blazei mushroom organic and aqueous extracts in chromosomal aberration and cytokinesis block micronucleus assays in CHO-k1 and HTC cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2005; 20:355-60. [PMID: 16182507 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2005.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2005] [Revised: 07/29/2005] [Accepted: 08/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Agaricus blazei (Ab) has become popularly known for its medicinal properties. Scientifically, it has been tested with regard to its capacity to protect genetic material against damage. We examined different organic extracts (methanolic extract -- ME, hexanic extract -- HE and n-butanolic extract -- BE) and an aqueous extract (AE) of Ab, for their capacity to induce DNA damage as well as for their protective effect. Genetic damage was determined by the chromosomal aberration assay (CA) in CHO-k1 cells for all extracts and the cytokinesis block micronucleus assay (CBMN) in non drug-metabolizing (CHO-k1) and drug-metabolizing (HTC) cell lines for extract BE only. The extracts did not show clastogenicity but showed anticlastogenicity. The greatest percent reduction obtained were with BE (105%) and AE (126%) treatments in CA. BE treatment did not display genotoxicity in CHO-k1, but was genotoxic in HTC. However, BE was shown to be antigenotoxic causing decreased micronucleus frequency in HTC and CHO-k1 cells. These results suggest that all the extracts contained protective substances, but in some cases they could show a genotoxic effect with regard to metabolism. Therefore, these findings warrant caution in the use of this mushroom by the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Bellini
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, 86051990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Machado MP, Filho ER, Terezan AP, Ribeiro LR, Mantovani MS. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and antimutagenicity of hexane extracts of Agaricus blazei determined in vitro by the comet assay and CHO/HGPRT gene mutation assay. Toxicol In Vitro 2005; 19:533-9. [PMID: 15826811 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2004.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2004] [Revised: 09/22/2004] [Accepted: 12/02/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Agaricus blazei Murrill ss. Heinem, known as the sun mushroom or himematsutake, is a basidiomycete native to Brazil, which is popular for its medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to test hexane extracts (one fraction and its four sub-fractions) of A. blazei for bioactivity in cultured mammalian cells (CHO-K1). The comet assay, the colony forming assay (CFA) and CHO/HGPRT gene mutation assay were used respectively to determine genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and antimutagenicity of these extracts at different concentrations. The cells were incubated in culture medium and treated for 3h according to the standard protocol for each assay. The DNA damage-inducing agent ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) was utilized as the positive control and also in combination with extracts to test for a protective effect. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. A relationship between cytotoxicity and genotoxicity could be established and two extracts EH6B and EH6D showed a protective tendency, while the others did not, with the primary extract EH6 causing the most substantial damage to genetic material. These findings warrant more in-depth studies of the active principles of this mushroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Pereira Machado
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Biologia Geral, CCB, BIO, 86051-990 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Guterrez ZR, Mantovani MS, Eira AF, Ribeiro LR, Jordão BQ. Variation of the antimutagenicity effects of water extracts of Agaricus blazei Murrill in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2005; 18:301-9. [PMID: 15046777 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2003.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2003] [Accepted: 09/09/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Agaricus blazei Murill, popularly known as "Sun Mushroom" or "Himematsutake", is native to Brazil. Nowadays, this mushroom has been target of great scientific interest due to its medical power and because it has shown antitumoral and immune modulatory properties. This work evaluated the mutagenic and antimutagenic potential from aqueous extracts prepared in different temperatures (4 degrees C, 25 degrees C and 60 degrees C) from the lineage AB 97/29 in two basidiocarp phases (young and sporulated) and from A. blazei commercialized in Londrina-PR-Brazil, named here as AB PR, and in Piedade-SP-Brazil, named as AB SP. Both micronucleus (MN) as comet assays were used. Chinese hamster lung V79 cells were treated in three antimutagenic experimental protocols: pre-, post- and simultaneous treatments, with the aqueous extracts of the A. blazei Murill and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). The results suggested that under these circumstances of treatment, aqueous extracts of the A. blazei in both assays did not show any genotoxic potential. However, by the MN test, an antigenotoxic effect was shown against mutagenicity inducted by MMS for aqueous extracts at 60 degrees C of mushroom commercialized in Piedade- SP, in pre-, post- and simultaneous treatments and for AB PR only when used in pre-treatment. On the other hand, with comet assay, the results showed no protective effect in any case. The numbers indicated that different results can be get from A. blazei teas, and that not all of them seemed to be an efficient antimutagen against the induction of micronuclei by MMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z R Guterrez
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina- UEL, Campus Universitário, C. P. 6001, CEP: 86.051-990, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Anti-proliferative Effects of Water Extract of Agaricus blazei Murill in Human Lung Cancer Cell Line A549. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2004.33.8.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Maistro EL, Carvalho JCT, Mantovani MS. Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of the Casearia sylvestris extract on HTC and V79 cells by the comet assay. Toxicol In Vitro 2004; 18:337-42. [PMID: 15046781 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2003.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2003] [Accepted: 10/14/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Casearia sylvestris is common in tropical America growing wild in Brazil in the states of Amazonas and São Paulo. Its leaves are used in Brazilian folk medicine for several diseases. The present investigation was carried out to examine the genotoxic effects of a C. sylvestris crude ethanolic extract on Hepatoma Tissue Culture (HTC cells) of Rattus norvegicus and Chinese hamster V79 cells in culture, using the comet assay. For the genotoxic evaluation the cells were treated with three different concentrations (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ml) of extract prepared from a 25 mg/ml aqueous solution. The positive control was cyclophosphamide for HTC cells and methyl methanesulfonate for V79 cells. The duration of the treatment was 2 h. The results showed that the extract of C. sylvestris presented no genotoxic effects and not modified effect inducing DNA damage by alkylating agents cyclophosphamide and methyl methanesulfonate in HTC and V 79 cells respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Maistro
- Instituto de Farmácia e Nutrição, UNIFENAS, 37130-000, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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