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Falone S, Santini S, Cordone V, Di Emidio G, Tatone C, Cacchio M, Amicarelli F. Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields and Redox-Responsive Pathways Linked to Cancer Drug Resistance: Insights from Co-Exposure-Based In Vitro Studies. Front Public Health 2018. [PMID: 29527520 PMCID: PMC5829633 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical devices currently used in clinical practice and common household equipments generate extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) that were classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as “possible carcinogenic.” Assuming that ELF-MF plays a role in the carcinogenic process without inducing direct genomic alterations, ELF-MF may be involved in the promotion or progression of cancers. In particular, ELF-MF-induced responses are suspected to activate redox-responsive intracellular signaling or detoxification scavenging systems. In fact, improved protection against oxidative stress and redox-active xenobiotics is thought to provide critical proliferative and survival advantage in tumors. On this basis, an ever-growing research activity worldwide is attempting to establish whether tumor cells may develop multidrug resistance through the activation of essential cytoprotective networks in the presence of ELF fields, and how this might trigger relevant changes in tumor phenotype. This review builds a framework around how the activity of redox-responsive mediators may be controlled by co-exposure to ELF-MF and reactive oxygen species-generating agents in tumor and cancer cells, in order to clarify whether and how such potential molecular targets could help to minimize or neutralize the functional interaction between ELF-MF and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Falone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Silvano Santini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valeria Cordone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanna Di Emidio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Carla Tatone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marisa Cacchio
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Fernanda Amicarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)-National Research Council (CNR), L'Aquila, Italy
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Low-Frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Is Able to Modulate miRNAs in an Experimental Cell Model of Alzheimer's Disease. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2017; 2017:2530270. [PMID: 29065581 PMCID: PMC5434238 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2530270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate on the effects of a low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (LF-PEMF) in an experimental cell model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) to assess new therapies that counteract neurodegeneration. In recent scientific literature, it is documented that the deep brain stimulation via electromagnetic fields (EMFs) modulates the neurophysiological activity of the pathological circuits and produces clinical benefits in AD patients. EMFs are applied for tissue regeneration because of their ability to stimulate cell proliferation and immune functions via the HSP70 protein family. However, the effects of EMFs are still controversial and further investigations are required. Our results demonstrate the ability of our LF-PEMF to modulate gene expression in cell functions that are dysregulated in AD (i.e., BACE1) and that these effects can be modulated with different treatment conditions. Of relevance, we will focus on miRNAs regulating the pathways involved in brain degenerative disorders.
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Choi J, Polcher A, Joas A. Systematic literature review on Parkinson's disease and Childhood Leukaemia and mode of actions for pesticides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2016.en-955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kesari KK, Luukkonen J, Juutilainen J, Naarala J. Genomic instability induced by 50Hz magnetic fields is a dynamically evolving process not blocked by antioxidant treatment. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 794:46-51. [PMID: 26653983 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Increased level of micronuclei was observed in SH-SY5Y cells in a previous study at 8 and 15 days after exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MF), indicating possible induction of genomic instability in the progeny of the exposed cells. The aim of this study was to further explore the induction of genomic instability by ELF MFs by increasing the follow-up time up to 45 days after exposure. Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were exposed to a 50Hz, 100μT MF for 24h with or without co-exposure to menadione (MQ), a chemical agent that increases cellular superoxide production. Micronuclei, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured at 15, 30 and 45 days after exposure. To study the possible causal role of ROS in the delayed effects of MF, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was administered before MF exposure. Consistently with the previous study, the level of micronuclei was statistically significantly elevated 15 days after exposure. A similar effect was observed at 30 days, but not at 45 days after exposure. The level of LPO was statically significantly decreased 30 and 45 days after exposure. Consistently with our previous findings, the MF effect did not depend on co-exposure to MQ. Treatment with NAC effectively decreased cellular ROS level and suppressed the effect of MQ on ROS, but it did not block the MF effect, indicating that increase in ROS is not needed as a causal link between MF exposure and induction of delayed effects. The results presented here are consistent with genomic instability that persists in the progeny of MF-exposed cells up to at least 30 days after exposure. Changes in LPO observed at 30 and 45 days after exposure indicates that the MF-initiated process may continue up to at least 45 days after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jukka Luukkonen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Juutilainen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jonne Naarala
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Chen Z, Wen J, Ju H, Fang Z. Magnetic nano-Fe3O4 particles targeted gathering and bio-effects on nude mice loading human hepatoma Bel-7402 cell lines model under external magnetic field exposure in vivo. Electromagn Biol Med 2014; 34:309-16. [PMID: 24856871 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2014.919589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nano-Fe3O4 particles (MNPs), static magnetic field (SMF) and extremely low-frequency altering electric magnetic field (ELFF) were utilized to treat nude mice loading hepatoma Bel-7402 cell lines to investigate the therapeutic values of MNPs combined with ELFF in vivo. Magnetic resonance image (MRI) figures showed that about 98.9% MNPs injected into mice body through tail vein were gathered in tumor focal by SMF directing exposure. Single ELFF and MNPs treatments did not influence mice physiological function obviously. However, gathered MNPs combined with ELFF treatment prolonged mice survival time and inhibited loading tumor cells proliferation significantly compared to other mice groups (p < 0.05); furthermore, the tumor cells early apoptosis ratio of mice group was significantly higher than other groups (p < 0.05), and ELFF combined with gathered MNPs treatment improved tumor cells early apoptosis associated with Bcl group protein expression: Bax protein expression was higher than Bcl-2 and the combined treatment improved cells Heat shock protein-27 (Hsp-27) expression which could protect cells avoiding early apoptosis. The possible mechanism that this kind of combination inducing more cells into early apoptosis could be due to ELFF exposure influencing cells ion metabolism, MNPs strengthening the effects, and the ELFF vibrating MNPs to generate extra heat and activate cellular heat shock signal channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Chen
- a Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Central South University , Changsha , China and.,b The Second Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, South East University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jian Wen
- b The Second Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, South East University , Nanjing , China
| | - Huixiang Ju
- b The Second Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, South East University , Nanjing , China
| | - Zheng Fang
- a Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Central South University , Changsha , China and
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Mizuno K, Narita E, Yamada M, Shinohara N, Miyakoshi J. ELF magnetic fields do not affect cell survival and DNA damage induced by ultraviolet B. Bioelectromagnetics 2013; 35:108-15. [PMID: 24123106 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field exposure has modification effects on cell survival after ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation and on repair process of DNA damage induced by UV-B irradiation in WI38VA13 subcloned 2RA and XP2OS(SV) cells. The ELF magnetic field exposure was conducted using a Helmholtz coil-based system that was designed to generate a sinusoidal magnetic field at 5 mT and 60 Hz. Cell survival was assessed by WST assay after UV-B irradiation at 20-80 J/m(2) , ELF magnetic field exposure for 24 h, followed by incubation for 48 h. DNA damage was assessed by quantification of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation and 6-4 photoproduct formation using ELISA after UV-B irradiation at 20-80 J/m(2) followed by ELF magnetic field exposure for 24 h. No significant changes were observed in cell survival between ELF magnetic field and sham exposures. Similarly, DNA damage induced by UV-B irradiation did not change significantly following ELF magnetic field exposure. Our results suggest that ELF magnetic field exposure at 5 mT does not have modification effect on cell survival after UV-B irradiation and on repair process of DNA damage induced by UV-B irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Mizuno
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan; Power Engineering R&D Center, Kansai Electric Power Company, Osaka, Japan
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Alcaraz M, Olmos E, Alcaraz-Saura M, Achel DG, Castillo J. Effect of long-term 50 Hz magnetic field exposure on the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes of mice. Electromagn Biol Med 2013; 33:51-7. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2013.783851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Assessment of genotoxic and cytotoxic hazards in brain and bone marrow cells of newborn rats exposed to extremely low-frequency magnetic field. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:716023. [PMID: 23091355 PMCID: PMC3471024 DOI: 10.1155/2012/716023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the association between whole body exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) and genotoxic , cytotoxic hazards in brain and bone marrow cells of newborn rats. Newborn rats (10 days after delivery) were exposed continuously to 50 Hz, 0.5 mT for 30 days. The control group was treated as the exposed one with the sole difference that the rats were not exposed to magnetic field. Comet assay was used to quantify the level of DNA damage in isolated brain cells. Also bone marrow cells were flushed out to assess micronucleus induction and mitotic index. Spectrophotometric methods were used to measure the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The results showed a significant increase in the mean tail moment indicating DNA damage in exposed group (P < 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001). Moreover ELF-MF exposure induced a significant (P < 0.01, 0.001) four folds increase in the induction of micronucleus and about three folds increase in mitotic index (P < 0.0001). Additionally newborn rats exposed to ELF-MF showed significant higher levels of MDA and SOD (P < 0.05). Meanwhile ELF-MF failed to alter the activity of GSH. In conclusion, the present study suggests an association between DNA damage and ELF-MF exposure in newborn rats.
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Osera C, Fassina L, Amadio M, Venturini L, Buoso E, Magenes G, Govoni S, Ricevuti G, Pascale A. Cytoprotective Response Induced by Electromagnetic Stimulation on SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:2573-82. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Osera
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco-Sez. Farmacologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fassina
- Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Centro di Ingegneria Tissutale (C.I.T.), Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marialaura Amadio
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco-Sez. Farmacologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Letizia Venturini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Terapia Medica—Sez. Gerontologia e Geriatria—IDR S. Margherita, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia Cellulare e Immunologia Clinica—IRCCS S. Matteo, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Erica Buoso
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco-Sez. Farmacologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Magenes
- Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Centro di Ingegneria Tissutale (C.I.T.), Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco-Sez. Farmacologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Terapia Medica—Sez. Gerontologia e Geriatria—IDR S. Margherita, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia Cellulare e Immunologia Clinica—IRCCS S. Matteo, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco-Sez. Farmacologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Magazù S, Calabrò E. Studying the electromagnetic-induced changes of the secondary structure of bovine serum albumin and the bioprotective effectiveness of trehalose by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:6818-26. [PMID: 21548571 DOI: 10.1021/jp110188k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Samples of bovine serum albumin in H(2)O and D(2)O solutions, in the absence or presence of trehalose, were exposed separately to a static magnetic field at 200 mT and to a 50 Hz electromagnetic field at 1.8 mT, studying the relative effects on the secondary structure of the protein by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The spectra acquired in the mid-infrared region after 2 and 4 h of exposures to the static magnetic field showed a decrease in amide A and amide I band intensities for the protein in bidistilled aqueous solutions that was also evidenced after exposures to a 50 Hz electromagnetic field. These results led us to conclude that electromagnetic fields of low intensities can affect the C═O and C-N stretching vibrations and N-H plane bending of peptide linkages. Furthermore, mid-infrared spectra of bovine serum albumin in trehalose aqueous solutions were not significantly modified after the exposures, confirming the hypothesis of the possible bioprotective effectiveness of trehalose against electromagnetic fields.
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Vijayalaxmi, Prihoda TJ. Genetic damage in mammalian somatic cells exposed to extremely low frequency electro-magnetic fields: A meta-analysis of data from 87 publications (1990–2007). Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 85:196-213. [DOI: 10.1080/09553000902748575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Udroiu I, Cristaldi M, Ieradi LA, Bedini A, Giuliani L, Tanzarella C. Clastogenicity and aneuploidy in newborn and adult mice exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields. Int J Radiat Biol 2006; 82:561-7. [PMID: 16966183 DOI: 10.1080/09553000600876660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To detect possible clastogenic and aneugenic properties of a 50 Hz, 650 muT magnetic field. MATERIALS AND METHODS The micronucleus test with CREST (Calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, Esophageal dismotility, Sclerodactility, Telangectasia) antibody staining was performed on liver and peripheral blood sampled from newborn mice exposed to an ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) magnetic field during the whole intra-uterine life (21 days), and on bone marrow and peripheral blood sampled from adult mice exposed to the same magnetic field for the same period. RESULTS Data obtained in newborn mice show a significant increase in micronuclei frequencies. In absolute terms, most of the induced micronuclei were CREST-negative (i.e., formed by a chromosome fragment). However, in relative terms, ELF exposure caused a two-fold increase in CREST-negative micronuclei and a four-fold increase in CREST-positive micronuclei (i.e., formed by a whole chromosome). No significant effect was recorded on exposed adults. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the need for investigation of aneugenic properties of ELF magnetic fields in order to establish a possible relationship to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Udroiu
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo, Università, La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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