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Ndlovu SS, Chuturgoon AA, Ghazi T. Moringa oleifera Lam Leaf Extract Stimulates NRF2 and Attenuates ARV-Induced Toxicity in Human Liver Cells (HepG2). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1541. [PMID: 37050167 PMCID: PMC10097004 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that there are 37 million individuals living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide, with the majority in South Africa. This chronic disease is managed by the effective use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. However, with prolonged use, ARV drug-induced toxicity remains a clinically complex problem. This study investigated the toxicity of ARV drugs on mitochondria and the NRF2 antioxidant pathway and its possible amelioration using Moringa oleifera Lam (MO) leaf extracts. This medicinal plant has a range of functional bioactive compounds. Liver (HepG2) cells were treated with individual ARV drugs: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), Emtricitabine (FTC), and Lamivudine (3TC) for 96 h, followed by MO leaf extracts for 24 h. Intracellular ROS, cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation, total and reduced glutathione (GSH), ATP, and mitochondrial polarisation were determined. Finally, protein (pNRF2, NRF2, SOD2, CAT, and Sirt3) and mRNA (NRF2, CAT, NQO1 SOD2, Sirt3, and PGC1α) expression were measured using Western blot and qPCR, respectively. TDF, FTC, and 3TC significantly increased intracellular ROS and extracellular levels of both MDA and LDH. ARVs also reduced the GSH and ATP levels and altered the mitochondrial polarization. Further, ARVs reduced the expression of NRF2 SOD2, Sirt3, CAT, NQO1, UCP2 and PGC1α mRNA and consequently pNRF2, NRF2, SOD2, Sirt3 and CAT protein. In contrast, there was a significant reduction in the extracellular MDA and LDH levels post-MO treatment. MO significantly reduced intracellular ROS while significantly increasing GSH, ATP, and mitochondrial membrane polarization. The addition of MO to ARV-treated cells significantly upregulated the expression of NRF2, SOD2, Sirt3, CAT, UCP2, PGC1α, and NQO1 mRNA and pNRF2, NRF2, SOD2, Sirt3 proteins. Thus, MO ameliorates ARV-induced hepatotoxicity by scavenging oxidants by inducing the NRF2 antioxidant pathway. MO shows great therapeutic potential and may be considered a potential supplement to ameliorate ARV drug toxicity.
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Papakonstantinou A, Koumarianou P, Rigakou A, Diamantakos P, Frakolaki E, Vassilaki N, Chavdoula E, Melliou E, Magiatis P, Boleti H. New Affordable Methods for Large-Scale Isolation of Major Olive Secoiridoids and Systematic Comparative Study of Their Antiproliferative/Cytotoxic Effect on Multiple Cancer Cell Lines of Different Cancer Origins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010003. [PMID: 36613449 PMCID: PMC9820430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive oil phenols (OOPs) are associated with the prevention of many human cancers. Some of these have been shown to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. However, no systematic comparative study exists for all the investigated compounds under the same conditions, due to difficulties in their isolation or synthesis. Herein are presented innovative methods for large-scale selective extraction of six major secoiridoids from olive oil or leaves enabling their detailed investigation. The cytotoxic/antiproliferative bioactivity of these six compounds was evaluated on sixteen human cancer cell lines originating from eight different tissues. Cell viability with half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50) was evaluated after 72 h treatments. Antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects were also assessed for the most bioactive compounds (EC50 ≤ 50 μM). Oleocanthal (1) showed the strongest antiproliferative/cytotoxic activity in most cancer cell lines (EC50: 9−20 μM). The relative effectiveness of the six OOPs was: oleocanthal (1) > oleuropein aglycone (3a,b) > ligstroside aglycone (4a,b) > oleacein (2) > oleomissional (6a,b,c) > oleocanthalic acid (7). This is the first detailed study comparing the bioactivity of six OOPs in such a wide array of cancer cell lines, providing a reference for their relative antiproliferative/cytotoxic effect in the investigated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Papakonstantinou
- Intracellular Parasitism Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Petrina Koumarianou
- Intracellular Parasitism Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
- Light Microscopy Unit, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Aimilia Rigakou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Diamantakos
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Efseveia Frakolaki
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Niki Vassilaki
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Chavdoula
- Biomedical Research Division, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleni Melliou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
- World Olive Center for Health, Imittou 76, 11634 Athens, Greece
| | - Prokopios Magiatis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (H.B.); Tel.: +30-210-7274052 (P.M.); +30-210-6478879 (H.B.)
| | - Haralabia Boleti
- Intracellular Parasitism Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
- Light Microscopy Unit, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (H.B.); Tel.: +30-210-7274052 (P.M.); +30-210-6478879 (H.B.)
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3
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Jiang F, Lee C, Zhang W, Jiang W, Cao Z, Chong HB, Yang W, Zhan S, Li J, Teng Y, Li Z, Xie J. Radiodynamic therapy with CsI(na)@MgO nanoparticles and 5-aminolevulinic acid. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:330. [PMID: 35842630 PMCID: PMC9288050 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiodynamic therapy (RDT) holds the potential to overcome the shallow tissue penetration issue associated with conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT). To this end, complex and sometimes toxic scintillator–photosensitizer nanoconjugates are often used, posing barriers for large-scale manufacturing and regulatory approval. Methods Herein, we report a streamlined RDT strategy based on CsI(Na)@MgO nanoparticles and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). 5-ALA is a clinically approved photosensitizer, converted to protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in cancer cells’ mitochondria. CsI(Na)@MgO nanoparticles produce strong ~ 410 nm X-ray luminescence, which matches the Soret band of PpIX. We hypothesize that the CsI(Na)@MgO-and-5-ALA combination can mediate RDT wherein mitochondria-targeted PDT synergizes with DNA-targeted irradiation for efficient cancer cell killing. Because scintillator nanoparticles and photosensitizer are administered separately, the approach forgoes issues such as self-quenching or uncontrolled release of photosensitizers. Results When tested in vitro with 4T1 cells, the CsI(Na)@MgO and 5-ALA combination elevated radiation-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhancing damages to mitochondria, DNA, and lipids, eventually reducing cell proliferation and clonogenicity. When tested in vivo in 4T1 models, RDT with the CsI(Na)@MgO and 5-ALA combination significantly improved tumor suppression and animal survival relative to radiation therapy (RT) alone. After treatment, the scintillator nanoparticles, made of low-toxic alkali and halide elements, were efficiently excreted, causing no detectable harm to the hosts. Conclusions Our studies show that separately administering CsI(Na)@MgO nanoparticles and 5-ALA represents a safe and streamlined RDT approach with potential in clinical translation. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01537-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Chaebin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Weizhong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zhengwei Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | | | - Wei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Shuyue Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jianwen Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology & Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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4
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Miccoli A, Mancini E, Saraceni PR, Della Ventura G, Scapigliati G, Picchietti S. First evidence of in vitro cytotoxic effects of marine microlitter on Merluccius merluccius and Mullus barbatus, two Mediterranean commercial fish species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152618. [PMID: 34968612 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine litter is composed mainly of plastics and is recognized as a serious threat to marine ecosystems. Ecotoxicological approaches have started elucidating the potential severity of microplastics (MPs) in controlled laboratory studies with pristine materials but no information exists on marine environmental microlitter as a whole. Here, we characterized the litter in the coastal Northern Tyrrhenian sea and in the stomach of two fish species of socio-economic importance, and exposed primary cell cultures of mucosal and lymphoid organs to marine microlitter for evaluating possible cytotoxic effects. An average of 0.30 ± 0.02 microlitter items m-3 was found in water samples. μFT-IR analysis revealed that plastic particles, namely HDPE, polyamide and polypropylene were present in 100% and 83.3% of Merluccius merluccius and Mullus barbatus analyzed, which overall ingested 14.67 ± 4.10 and 5.50 ± 1.97 items/individual, respectively. Moreover, microlitter was confirmed as a vector of microorganisms. Lastly, the apical end-point of viability was found to be significantly reduced in splenic cells exposed in vitro to two microlitter conditions. Considering the role of the spleen in the mounting of adaptive immune responses, our results warrant more in-depth investigations for clarifying the actual susceptibility of these two species to anthropogenic microlitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Miccoli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy.
| | - E Mancini
- Italian Fishery Research and Studies Center, Rome 00184, Italy
| | - P R Saraceni
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - G Della Ventura
- Department of Science, Roma 3 University, Rome 00146, Italy; INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 54, Frascati 00044, Italy
| | - G Scapigliati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - S Picchietti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy
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Yaseen A, Gull S, Akhtar N, Amin I, Minhas F. HemoNet: Predicting hemolytic activity of peptides with integrated feature learning. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2021; 19:2150021. [PMID: 34353244 DOI: 10.1142/s0219720021500219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying the hemolytic activity of peptides is a crucial step in the discovery of novel therapeutic peptides. Computational methods are attractive in this domain due to their ability to guide wet-lab experimental discovery or screening of peptides based on their hemolytic activity. However, existing methods are unable to accurately model various important aspects of this predictive problem such as the role of N/C-terminal modifications, D- and L- amino acids, etc. In this work, we have developed a novel neural network-based approach called HemoNet for predicting the hemolytic activity of peptides. The proposed method captures the contextual importance of different amino acids in a given peptide sequence using a specialized feature embedding in conjunction with SMILES-based fingerprint representation of N/C-terminal modifications. We have analyzed the predictive performance of the proposed method using stratified cross-validation in comparison with previous methods, non-redundant cross-validation as well as validation on external peptides and clinical antimicrobial peptides. Our analysis shows the proposed approach achieves significantly better predictive performance (AUC-ROC of 88%) in comparison to previous approaches (HemoPI and HemoPred with AUC-ROC of 73%). HemoNet can be a useful tool in the search for novel therapeutic peptides. The python implementation of the proposed method is available at the URL: https://github.com/adibayaseen/HemoNet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiba Yaseen
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Gull
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Akhtar
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fayyaz Minhas
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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6
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Mohtar N, Parumasivam T, Gazzali AM, Tan CS, Tan ML, Othman R, Fazalul Rahiman SS, Wahab HA. Advanced Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems and Their Cellular Evaluation for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3539. [PMID: 34298753 PMCID: PMC8303683 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancers, the number one cancer killer, can be broadly divided into small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with NSCLC being the most commonly diagnosed type. Anticancer agents for NSCLC suffer from various limitations that can be partly overcome by the application of nanomedicines. Nanoparticles is a branch within nanomedicine that can improve the delivery of anticancer drugs, whilst ensuring the stability and sufficient bioavailability following administration. There are many publications available in the literature exploring different types of nanoparticles from different materials. The effectiveness of a treatment option needs to be validated in suitable in vitro and/or in vivo models. This includes the developed nanoparticles, to prove their safety and efficacy. Many researchers have turned towards in vitro models that use normal cells or specific cells from diseased tissues. However, in cellular works, the physiological dynamics that is available in the body could not be mimicked entirely, and hence, there is still possible development of false positive or false negative results from the in vitro models. This article provides an overview of NSCLC, the different nanoparticles available to date, and in vitro evaluation of the nanoparticles. Different types of cells suitable for in vitro study and the important precautions to limit the development of false results are also extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noratiqah Mohtar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.M.); (T.P.); (A.M.G.); (C.S.T.); (M.L.T.); (H.A.W.)
| | - Thaigarajan Parumasivam
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.M.); (T.P.); (A.M.G.); (C.S.T.); (M.L.T.); (H.A.W.)
| | - Amirah Mohd Gazzali
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.M.); (T.P.); (A.M.G.); (C.S.T.); (M.L.T.); (H.A.W.)
| | - Chu Shan Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.M.); (T.P.); (A.M.G.); (C.S.T.); (M.L.T.); (H.A.W.)
| | - Mei Lan Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.M.); (T.P.); (A.M.G.); (C.S.T.); (M.L.T.); (H.A.W.)
| | - Rozana Othman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Center for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Siti Sarah Fazalul Rahiman
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.M.); (T.P.); (A.M.G.); (C.S.T.); (M.L.T.); (H.A.W.)
| | - Habibah A. Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.M.); (T.P.); (A.M.G.); (C.S.T.); (M.L.T.); (H.A.W.)
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7
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Tanito K, Oshiro Y, Tagawa H, Kishimura A, Mori T, Katayama Y. Comparative Evaluation of Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cell Killing Assay Based on the Leakage of an Endogenous Enzyme or a Pre-Loaded Fluorophore. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1571-1575. [PMID: 33967183 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21p117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A cell-killing ability of natural killer (NK) cells has been evaluated by the leakage of marker molecules from target cells. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and calcein are two major non-radioisotope markers used for the killing assay. The spontaneous death of NK cells during the killing-assay of cells is a major issue in the assay because it provides background signals to increase errors. In this study, the effect of the spontaneous death of NK cells on the killing assays based on LDH and the calcein method was comparatively evaluated. We found that the calcein method is much less sensitive to the spontaneous death of NK cells to enable an accurate evaluation of the cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Tanito
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University
| | | | - Hiroshi Tagawa
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Akihiro Kishimura
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University.,International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Yoshiki Katayama
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University.,International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University.,Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University
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8
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Jiang C, Amaradhi R, Ganesh T, Dingledine R. An Agonist Dependent Allosteric Antagonist of Prostaglandin EP2 Receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1436-1446. [PMID: 32324375 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
All reported prostaglandin EP2 receptor antagonists have a purely orthosteric, competitive mode of action. Herein, we report the characterization of compound 1 (pubchem CID 664888) as the first EP2 antagonist that features a reversible, agonist dependent allosteric mode of action. Compound 1 displayed an unsurmountable inhibition of cAMP accumulation stimulated by different EP2 agonists in C6 glioma cells overexpressing human EP2 (C6G-hEP2). The degree of reduction of agonist potency and efficacy depended on the agonist employed. Negative allosteric modulation was not observed in C6G cells overexpressing human EP4, IP, or DP1 receptors. Moreover, in the murine microglial cell line that stably expresses human EP2 receptors (BV2-hEP2), compound 1 reduced the EP2 agonist-induced elevation of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and hEP2 mRNA levels and increased that of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Compound 1 was docked into a homology model of hEP2. The predicted binding site on the cytoplasmic receptor surface was similar to that of allosteric inhibitors of the β2-adrenergic, CC chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9), and CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) receptors, which supports the notion of a conserved G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) binding pocket for allosteric inhibitors. As the first agonist dependent negative allosteric modulator of EP2 receptor, the structure of this compound may provide a basis for developing improved allosteric modulators of EP2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Radhika Amaradhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Thota Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Ray Dingledine
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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9
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Covarrubias-Zambrano O, Yu J, Bossmann SH. Nano-Inspired Technologies for Peptide Delivery. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 21:379-400. [PMID: 31793426 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666191202112429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nano-inspired technologies offer unique opportunities to treat numerous diseases by using therapeutic peptides. Therapeutic peptides have attractive pharmacological profiles and can be manufactured at relatively low costs. The major advantages of using a nanodelivery approach comprises significantly lower required dosages compared to systemic delivery, and thus reduced toxicity and immunogenicity. The combination of therapeutic peptides with delivery peptides and nanoparticles or small molecule drugs offers systemic treatment approaches, instead of aiming for single biological targets or pathways. This review article discusses exemplary state-of-the-art nanosized delivery systems for therapeutic peptides and antibodies, as well as their biochemical and biophysical foundations and emphasizes still remaining challenges. The competition between using different nanoplatforms, such as liposome-, hydrogel-, polymer-, silica nanosphere-, or nanosponge-based delivery systems is still "on" and no clear frontrunner has emerged to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 419 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS 66506-0401, United States.,Johns Hopkins University, Department of Radiology, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stefan H Bossmann
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 419 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS 66506-0401, United States
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10
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Rodrigues ET, Varela AT, Pardal MA, Oliveira PJ. Cell-based assays seem not to accurately predict fish short-term toxicity of pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:476-482. [PMID: 31158675 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A key action of current aquatic environmental sciences is the determination of concentration-response assessments to quantitatively measure the risk of pollutants, and fish lethal tests are still a regulatory requirement for assessing the environmental risk of both new and existing substances in the aquatic compartment. However, animal health and welfare aspects, as well as the time and resources required to support fish lethal testing, stimulate research for alternative in vitro methods, and cell-based assays are considered as one such alternative. The first goal of the present study was to compile existing fish short-term toxicity and cell toxicity data of pesticides through a scientific literature search, and relate in vivo and in vitro results to identify sensitive cell models, mammalian-, fish- or arthropod-derived. Discovering cell models which are sensitive is of great importance, since the risk of false negatives, believed to be the main limitation of cell-based assays as an alternative to fish tests, may decrease. As to the second goal, this study also determined and compared cell toxicity results for 12 pesticides using rat cardiomyoblast H9c2(2-1) cells with the corresponding fish LC50,96h (50% lethal concentration at 96 h of exposure) values collected in literature. On the whole, the in vivo/in vitro ratio was obtained for 50 pesticides belonging to 23 groups, and presented only 27% of positive results, thus confirming the low sensitivity of cell-based assays in relation to fish lethal data for pesticides. In general, cell-based assays still do not seem to be an alternative to the regulatory short-term fish assay for pesticides, making further studies necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa T Rodrigues
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana T Varela
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Miguel A Pardal
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Lot 8A, Biocant Park, 3060-197, Cantanhede, Portugal.
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11
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Kim CD, Kim SH, Jung SH, Kim JH. Clinical value of an adenosine triphosphate-based chemotherapy response assay in resectable stage III colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Treat Res 2019; 97:93-102. [PMID: 31384612 PMCID: PMC6669130 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2019.97.2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose ATP-based chemotherapy response assay (ATP-CRA) is a well-documented and validated technology that can individualize chemotherapy. This study was undertaken to assess the usefulness of ATP-CRA in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods A total of 136 patients with curative resection between January 2006 and April 2014 were evaluated using ATP-CRA. Patients received either the FOLFOX or Mayo clinic regimen chemotherapy following assay results. The sensitive-group (S-group) was defined as a drug-producing ≥ 40% reduction in ATP, and the resistant-group (R-group) as an ATP reduction of < 40%. These 2 groups were further subdivided to produce 4 subgroups: the FOLFOX sensitive subgroup (the FS subgroup [n = 65]), the Mayo sensitive subgroup (the MS subgroup [n = 40]), the FOLFOX resistant subgroup (the FR subgroup [n = 10]), and the Mayo resistant subgroup (the MR subgroup [n = 21]). Clinical responses and survival results were compared for both treatment regimens. Results The FS and MS subgroups showed a better disease-free survival rate (29% vs. 40%, 35% vs. 47.6%) and overall survival rate (92.3% vs. 80.0%, 87.5% vs. 76.2%) than FR and MR subgroups. The FS and MS subgroups showed a longer time to relapse (20.2 months vs. 9.5 months, 17.6 months vs. 16.4 months) than the FR and MR subgroups. Conclusion ATP-CRA tailored-chemotherapy has the potential to provide a survival benefit in resectable advanced CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Dong Kim
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - So Hyun Kim
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jung
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Hwang Kim
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
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12
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Xiang P, He RW, Liu RY, Li K, Gao P, Cui XY, Li H, Liu Y, Ma LQ. Cellular responses of normal (HL-7702) and cancerous (HepG2) hepatic cells to dust extract exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:1189-1197. [PMID: 29874748 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancerous human liver cell line has been used to test the hepatic toxicity of indoor dust, showing its organic extract decreases cell viability. However, little is known about its impact on normal human liver cell line. In the present study, we compared the cellular responses between carcinoma cell line (HepG2) and normal cell line (HL-7702) after exposing to 10-640 μg/100 μL organic dust extract for 24 h. The dust extract caused cytotoxicity, oxidative damage, inflammatory response and loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MMP) in both cells. The inhibition of cell viability in HL-7702 cells was stronger than that in HepG2 cells, with HL-7702 cells having lower LC50. Higher production of oxidative stress, more loss of MMP and stronger suppression of antioxidant enzymes mRNA level occurred in HepG2 cells, while mRNA expression and hepcidin secretion were enhanced in HL-7702 cells at 40/100 μL, indicating the dust extract probably perturbed their liver Fe homeostasis. Our data showed considerable differences in cellular responses between normal and cancerous cell lines. To obtain accurate data, normal hepatocytes should be employed as they better match with the in vivo tissue than cancerous cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xiang
- Research Institute of Rural Sewage Treatment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rong-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Gao
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Xin-Yi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yungen Liu
- Research Institute of Rural Sewage Treatment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Research Institute of Rural Sewage Treatment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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13
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Olivieri C, Bugli F, Menchinelli G, Veglia G, Buonocore F, Scapigliati G, Stocchi V, Ceccacci F, Papi M, Sanguinetti M, Porcelli F. Design and characterization of chionodracine-derived antimicrobial peptides with enhanced activity against drug-resistant human pathogens. RSC Adv 2018; 8:41331-41346. [PMID: 35559296 PMCID: PMC9091591 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Design of new chionodracine-derived peptides with potent activity against drug-resistant human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Olivieri
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems
- University of Tuscia
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics
| | - Francesca Bugli
- Microbiology Institute
- Catholic University of Sacred Heart
- Rome
- Italy
| | | | - Gianluigi Veglia
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- 55455 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics
| | - Francesco Buonocore
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems
- University of Tuscia
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scapigliati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems
- University of Tuscia
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
| | - Valentina Stocchi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems
- University of Tuscia
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
| | - Francesca Ceccacci
- CNR – Institute of Chemical Methodologies
- Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione UOS of Rome
- Rome
- Italy
| | | | | | - Fernando Porcelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems
- University of Tuscia
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
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14
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Ren G, Zhou Y, Liang G, Yang B, Yang M, King A, Wei H. General Anesthetics Regulate Autophagy via Modulating the Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor: Implications for Dual Effects of Cytoprotection and Cytotoxicity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12378. [PMID: 28959036 PMCID: PMC5620053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
General anesthetics are both neuroprotective and neurotoxic with unclear mechanisms. General anesthetics may control cell survival via their effects on autophagy by activation of type 1 inositol triphosphate receptor (InsP3R-1). DT40 or SH-SY5Y cells with only or over 99% expression of InsP3R-1 were treated with isoflurane or propofol. Cell viability was determined by MTT reduction or LDH release assays. Apoptosis was determined by measuring Caspase-3 or by TUNEL assay. Autophagy activity was determined by measuring LC3 II and P62. We evaluated mitochondrial integrity using MitoTracker Green and cytosolic ATP levels. Fura2-AM was used to measure the concentrations of cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]c). Propofol significantly increased peak and integrated calcium response (P < 0.001) in cells with InsP3R-1 but not in cells with triple knockout of InsP3R. Both propofol and isoflurane increased autophagy induction (P < 0.05) in an mTOR- and InsP3R- activity dependent manner. Short exposure to propofol adequately activated InsP3-1 to provide sufficient autophagy for cytoprotection, while prolonged exposure to propofol induced cell apoptosis via impairment of autophagy flux through over activation of InsP3-1. Propofol damaged mitochondria and decreased cytosolic ATP. The effects of general anesthetics on apoptosis and autophagy are closely integrated; both are caused by differential activation of the type 1 InsP3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongyi Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yachun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meirong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alexander King
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Huafeng Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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15
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Kairo G, Biron DG, Ben Abdelkader F, Bonnet M, Tchamitchian S, Cousin M, Dussaubat C, Benoit B, Kretzschmar A, Belzunces LP, Brunet JL. Nosema ceranae, Fipronil and their combination compromise honey bee reproduction via changes in male physiology. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8556. [PMID: 28819220 PMCID: PMC5561069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The honey bee is threatened by biological agents and pesticides that can act in combination to induce synergistic effects on its physiology and lifespan. The synergistic effects of a parasite/pesticide combination have been demonstrated on workers and queens, but no studies have been performed on drones despite their essential contribution to colony sustainability by providing semen diversity and quality. The effects of the Nosema ceranae/fipronil combination on the life traits and physiology of mature drones were examined following exposure under semi-field conditions. The results showed that the microsporidia alone induced moderate and localized effects in the midgut, whereas fipronil alone induced moderate and generalized effects. The parasite/insecticide combination drastically affected both physiology and survival, exhibiting an important and significant generalized action that could jeopardize mating success. In terms of fertility, semen was strongly impacted regardless of stressor, suggesting that drone reproductive functions are very sensitive to stress factors. These findings suggest that drone health and fertility impairment might contribute to poorly mated queens, leading to the storage of poor quality semen and poor spermathecae diversity. Thus, the queens failures observed in recent years might result from the continuous exposure of drones to multiple environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Kairo
- INRA, UR 406 Abeilles & Environnement, Toxicologie Environnementale, CS 40509, 84914, Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - David G Biron
- CNRS, UMR CNRS 6023 Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, 63177, Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Faten Ben Abdelkader
- INRA, UR 406 Abeilles & Environnement, Toxicologie Environnementale, CS 40509, 84914, Avignon Cedex 9, France.,INAT, Laboratoire de Zoologie et d'Apiculture, 1082, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marc Bonnet
- INRA, UR 406 Abeilles & Environnement, Toxicologie Environnementale, CS 40509, 84914, Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Sylvie Tchamitchian
- INRA, UR 406 Abeilles & Environnement, Toxicologie Environnementale, CS 40509, 84914, Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Marianne Cousin
- INRA, UR 406 Abeilles & Environnement, Toxicologie Environnementale, CS 40509, 84914, Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Claudia Dussaubat
- INRA, UR 406 Abeilles & Environnement, Toxicologie Environnementale, CS 40509, 84914, Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Boris Benoit
- INRA, UR 406 Abeilles & Environnement, Toxicologie Environnementale, CS 40509, 84914, Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - André Kretzschmar
- INRA, UR 546 Biostatistiques & Processus Spatiaux, CS 40509, 84914, Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Luc P Belzunces
- INRA, UR 406 Abeilles & Environnement, Toxicologie Environnementale, CS 40509, 84914, Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Luc Brunet
- INRA, UR 406 Abeilles & Environnement, Toxicologie Environnementale, CS 40509, 84914, Avignon Cedex 9, France.
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16
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Bader C, Jesudoss Chelladurai J, Starling DE, Jones DE, Brewer MT. Assessment of in vitro killing assays for detecting praziquantel-induced death in Posthodiplostomum minimum metacercariae. Exp Parasitol 2017; 181:70-74. [PMID: 28760359 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Control of parasitic infections may be achieved by eliminating developmental stages present within intermediate hosts, thereby disrupting the parasite life cycle. For several trematodes relevant to human and veterinary medicine, this involves targeting the metacercarial stage found in fish intermediate hosts. Treatment of fish with praziquantel is one potential approach for targeting the metacercaria stage. To date, studies investigating praziquantel-induced metacercarial death in fish rely on counting parasites and visually assessing morphology or movement. In this study, we investigate quantitative methods for detecting praziquantel-induced death using a Posthodiplostomum minimum model. Our results revealed that propidium iodide staining accurately identified praziquantel-induced death and the level of staining was proportional to the concentration of praziquantel. In contrast, detection of ATP, resazurin metabolism, and trypan blue staining were poor indicators of metacercarial death. The propidium iodide method offers an advantage over simple visualization of parasite movement and could be used to determine EC50 values relevant for comparison of praziquantel sensitivity or resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bader
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jeba Jesudoss Chelladurai
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - David E Starling
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Douglas E Jones
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Matthew T Brewer
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.
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17
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Picchietti S, Bernini C, Stocchi V, Taddei AR, Meschini R, Fausto AM, Rocco L, Buonocore F, Cervia D, Scapigliati G. Engineered nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TIO 2): Uptake and biological effects in a sea bass cell line. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 63:53-67. [PMID: 28159697 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology there has been a corresponding increase in the application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) in various consumer and industrial products, consequently their potential health hazards and environmental effects are considered an aspect of great concern. In the present study, in order to assess the impact of TiO2-NPs in the marine environment, the biological effects of TiO2-NPs on a sea bass cell line (DLEC) were investigated. Cells were exposed for 24 h to different concentrations of TiO2-NPs (1, 8, 40, 200 and 1000 μg/ml) or co-exposed with CdCl2 (Cd). The effects of UV light irradiation were also investigated in cells treated with TiO2-NPs and/or Cd. The internalization of TiO2-NPs and the morphological cell modifications induced by the treatments were examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, this latter coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) for particle element detection. In addition, the effects of controlled exposures were studied evaluating the cytotoxicity, the DNA damage and the expression of inflammatory genes. Our study indicates that TiO2-NPs were localized on the cell surface mainly as agglomerates revealed by EDS analysis and that they were uptaken by the cells inducing morphological changes. Photoactivation of TiO2-NPs and/or co-exposure with Cd affects ATP levels and it contributes to induce acute cellular toxicity in DLEC cells dependent on Ti concentration. The inflammatory potential and the DNA damage, this latter displayed through a caspase-3 independent apoptotic process, were also demonstrated. Overall our data suggest that the interaction of TiO2-NPs with marine water contaminants, such as cadmium, and the UV irradiation, may be an additional threat to marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Picchietti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - C Bernini
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - V Stocchi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - A R Taddei
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Great Equipment Center, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - R Meschini
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - A M Fausto
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - L Rocco
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical, Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy.
| | - F Buonocore
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - D Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - G Scapigliati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
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18
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Abstract
AIM Toxicity arising from hemolytic activity of peptides hinders its further progress as drug candidates. MATERIALS & METHODS This study describes a sequence-based predictor based on a random forest classifier using amino acid composition, dipeptide composition and physicochemical descriptors (named HemoPred). RESULTS This approach could outperform previously reported method and typical classification methods (e.g., support vector machine and decision tree) verified by fivefold cross-validation and external validation with accuracy and Matthews correlation coefficient in excess of 95% and 0.91, respectively. Results revealed the importance of hydrophobic and Cys residues on α-helix and β-sheet, respectively, on the hemolytic activity. CONCLUSION A sequence-based predictor which is publicly available as the web service of HemoPred, is proposed to predict and analyze the hemolytic activity of peptides.
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19
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Rossignol A, Bonnaudet V, Clémenceau B, Vié H, Bretaudeau L. A high-performance, non-radioactive potency assay for measuring cytotoxicity: A full substitute of the chromium-release assay targeting the regulatory-compliance objective. MAbs 2017; 9:521-535. [PMID: 28281922 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1286435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Standardized and biologically relevant potency assays are required by the regulatory authorities for the characterization and quality control of therapeutic antibodies. As critical mechanisms of action (MoA) of antibodies, the antibody-dependent cell-meditated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) must be characterized by appropriate potency assays. The current reference method for measuring cytotoxicity is the 51Cr-release method. However, radioactivity handling is difficult to implement in an industrial context because of environmental and operator protection constraints. Alternative non-radioactive methods suffer from poor validation performances and surrogate assays that measure FcγR-dependent functions do not comply with the regulatory requirement of biological relevance. Starting from these observations, we developed a non-radioactive luminescent method that is specific for target cell cytolysis. In adherent and non-adherent target cell models, the ADCC (using standardized effector cells) or CDC activities of rituximab, trastuzumab and adalimumab were compared in parallel using the 51Cr or luminescent methods. We demonstrated that the latter method is highly sensitive, with validation performances similar or better than the 51Cr method. This method also detected apoptosis following induction by a chemical agent or exposure to ultraviolet light. Moreover, it is more accurate, precise and specific than the concurrent non-radioactive calcein- and TR-FRET-based methods. The method is easy to use, versatile, standardized, biologically relevant and cost effective for measuring cytotoxicity. It is an ideal candidate for developing regulatory-compliant cytotoxicity assays for the characterization of the ADCC, CDC or apoptosis activities from the early stages of development to lot release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Béatrice Clémenceau
- b Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes , Nantes cedex 01 , France.,c UMR INSERM U892 , Nantes Cedex , France
| | - Henri Vié
- c UMR INSERM U892 , Nantes Cedex , France
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20
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BTeam, a Novel BRET-based Biosensor for the Accurate Quantification of ATP Concentration within Living Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39618. [PMID: 28000761 PMCID: PMC5175186 DOI: 10.1038/srep39618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP levels may represent fundamental health conditions of cells. However, precise measurement of intracellular ATP levels in living cells is hindered by the lack of suitable methodologies. Here, we developed a novel ATP biosensor termed “BTeam”. BTeam comprises a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), the ATP binding domain of the ε subunit of the bacterial ATP synthase, and an ATP-nonconsuming luciferase (NLuc). To attain emission, BTeam simply required NLuc substrate. BTeam showed elevated bioluminescence resonance energy transfer efficiency upon ATP binding, resulted in the emission spectra changes correlating with ATP concentrations. By using values of YFP/NLuc emission ratio to represent ATP levels, BTeam achieved steady signal outputs even though emission intensities were altered. With this biosensor, we succeeded in the accurate quantification of intracellular ATP concentrations of a population of living cells, as demonstrated by detecting the slight distribution in the cytosol (3.7–4.1 mM) and mitochondrial matrix (2.4–2.7 mM) within some cultured cell lines. Furthermore, BTeam allowed continuous tracing of cytosolic ATP levels of the same cells, as well as bioluminescent imaging of cytosolic ATP dynamics within individual cells. This simple and accurate technique should be an effective method for quantitative measurement of intracellular ATP concentrations.
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21
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Antiproliferative and Antiangiogenic Effects of Punica granatum Juice (PGJ) in Multiple Myeloma (MM). Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100611. [PMID: 27706074 PMCID: PMC5083999 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal B-cell malignancy characterized by an accumulation of clonal plasma cells (PC) in the bone marrow (BM) leading to bone destruction and BM failure. Despite recent advances in pharmacological therapy, MM remains a largely incurable pathology. Therefore, novel effective and less toxic agents are urgently necessary. In the last few years, pomegranate has been studied for its potential therapeutic properties including treatment and prevention of cancer. Pomegranate juice (PGJ) contains a number of potential active compounds including organic acids, vitamins, sugars, and phenolic components that are all responsible of the pro-apoptotic effects observed in tumor cell line. The aim of present investigation is to assess the antiproliferative and antiangiogenic potential of the PGJ in human multiple myeloma cell lines. Our data demonstrate the anti-proliferative potential of PGJ in MM cells; its ability to induce G0/G1 cell cycle block and its anti-angiogenic effects. Interestingly, sequential combination of bortezomib/PGJ improved the cytotoxic effect of the proteosome inhibitor. We investigated the effect of PGJ on angiogenesis and cell migration/invasion. Interestingly, we observed an inhibitory effect on the tube formation, microvessel outgrowth aorting ring and decreased cell migration and invasion as showed by wound-healing and transwell assays, respectively. Analysis of angiogenic genes expression in endothelial cells confirmed the anti-angiogenic properties of pomegranate. Therefore, PGJ administration could represent a good tool in order to identify novel therapeutic strategies for MM treatment, exploiting its anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic effects. Finally, the present research supports the evidence that PGJ could play a key role of a future therapeutic approach for treatment of MM in order to optimize the pharmacological effect of bortezomib, especially as adjuvant after treatment.
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22
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Morgan MM, Johnson BP, Livingston MK, Schuler LA, Alarid ET, Sung KE, Beebe DJ. Personalized in vitro cancer models to predict therapeutic response: Challenges and a framework for improvement. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 165:79-92. [PMID: 27218886 PMCID: PMC5439438 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Personalized cancer therapy focuses on characterizing the relevant phenotypes of the patient, as well as the patient's tumor, to predict the most effective cancer therapy. Historically, these methods have not proven predictive in regards to predicting therapeutic response. Emerging culture platforms are designed to better recapitulate the in vivo environment, thus, there is renewed interest in integrating patient samples into in vitro cancer models to assess therapeutic response. Successful examples of translating in vitro response to clinical relevance are limited due to issues with patient sample acquisition, variability and culture. We will review traditional and emerging in vitro models for personalized medicine, focusing on the technologies, microenvironmental components, and readouts utilized. We will then offer our perspective on how to apply a framework derived from toxicology and ecology towards designing improved personalized in vitro models of cancer. The framework serves as a tool for identifying optimal readouts and culture conditions, thus maximizing the information gained from each patient sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly M Morgan
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Brian P Johnson
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Megan K Livingston
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Linda A Schuler
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Elaine T Alarid
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kyung E Sung
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
| | - David J Beebe
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
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23
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Xiang P, He RW, Han YH, Sun HJ, Cui XY, Ma LQ. Mechanisms of housedust-induced toxicity in primary human corneal epithelial cells: Oxidative stress, proinflammatory response and mitochondrial dysfunction. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 89-90:30-37. [PMID: 26826360 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Human cornea is highly susceptible to damage by dust. Continued daily exposure to housedust has been associated with increasing risks of corneal injury, however, the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, a composite housedust sample was tested for its cytotoxicity on primary human corneal epithelial (PHCE) cells, which were exposed to dust at 5-320μg/100μL for 24h. PHCE cell viability showed a concentration-dependent toxic effect, attributing to elevated intracellular ROS. Moreover, when exposed at >20-80μg/100μL, dust-induced oxidative damage was evidenced by increased malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (1.3-2.3-fold) and decreased antioxidative capacity (1.6-3.5-fold). Alteration of mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD1, CAT, HO-1, TRXR1, GSTM1, GSTP1, and GPX1) and pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and MCP-1) were also observed. Furthermore, the mitochondrial transmembrane potential was dissipated from 9.2 to 82%. Our results suggested that dust-induced oxidative stress probably played a vital role in the cytotoxicity in PHCE cells, which may have contributed to dust-induced impairment of human cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-He Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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24
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Thomas MG, Marwood RM, Parsons AE, Parsons RB. The effect of foetal bovine serum supplementation upon the lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assay: Important considerations for in vitro toxicity analysis. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:300-8. [PMID: 26498060 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay is a commonly-used tool for assessing toxicity in vitro. However, anecdotal reports suggest that foetal bovine serum (FBS) may contain LDH at concentrations significant enough to interfere with the assay and thus reduce its sensitivity. A series of experiments were performed to determine whether addition of FBS to culture medium significantly elevated culture media LDH content, and whether replacement of FBS with heat inactivated foetal bovine serum (HI-FBS) reduced LDH content and interfered with cell response to cytotoxic challenge. The addition of FBS at 5, 10 and 15% final concentrations increased culture medium LDH content in a dose-dependent manner. The substitution of HI-FBS for FBS reduced culture medium LDH content and increased the dynamic range of the assay. Cell viability of the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma and N27 rat mesencephalic neurone cell lines were significantly reduced as measured using the MTT reduction assay, whilst HI-FBS only affected toxicity response in a cell- and toxin-specific manner, although these effects were small. Hence, for cell lines with a high FBS requirement, the use of HI-FBS or alternative toxicity assays can be considered, or the use of alternative formulations, such as chemically-defined serum-free media, be adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Thomas
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Roxanne M Marwood
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Anna E Parsons
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard B Parsons
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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25
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Almela MJ, Lozano S, Lelièvre J, Colmenarejo G, Coterón JM, Rodrigues J, Gonzalez C, Herreros E. A New Set of Chemical Starting Points with Plasmodium falciparum Transmission-Blocking Potential for Antimalarial Drug Discovery. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135139. [PMID: 26317851 PMCID: PMC4552634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new antimalarials with transmission blocking activity remains a key issue in efforts to control malaria and eventually eradicate the disease. Recently, high-throughput screening (HTS) assays have been successfully applied to Plasmodium falciparum asexual stages to screen millions of compounds, with the identification of thousands of new active molecules, some of which are already in clinical phases. The same approach has now been applied to identify compounds that are active against P. falciparum gametocytes, the parasite stage responsible for transmission. This study reports screening results for the Tres Cantos Antimalarial Set (TCAMS), of approximately 13,533 molecules, against P. falciparum stage V gametocytes. Secondary confirmation and cytotoxicity assays led to the identification of 98 selective molecules with dual activity against gametocytes and asexual stages. Hit compounds were chemically clustered and analyzed for appropriate physicochemical properties. The TCAMS chemical space around the prioritized hits was also studied. A selection of hit compounds was assessed ex vivo in the standard membrane feeding assay and demonstrated complete block in transmission. As a result of this effort, new chemical structures not connected to previously described antimalarials have been identified. This new set of compounds may serve as starting points for future drug discovery programs as well as tool compounds for identifying new modes of action involved in malaria transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesus Almela
- GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus-Diseases of the Developing World, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/ Senda del Rey 11, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Lozano
- GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus-Diseases of the Developing World, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joël Lelièvre
- GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus-Diseases of the Developing World, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Colmenarejo
- GlaxoSmithKline, Basic Research Center, Computational Chemistry Department, C/ Santiago Grisolía 4, Tres Cantos, 28760, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel Coterón
- GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus-Diseases of the Developing World, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760, Madrid, Spain
| | - Janneth Rodrigues
- GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus-Diseases of the Developing World, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Gonzalez
- GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus-Diseases of the Developing World, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Herreros
- GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus-Diseases of the Developing World, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Last decade has witnessed the revival of interest in peptides as potential therapeutics candidates. However, one of the bottlenecks in the success of therapeutic peptides in clinics is their toxicity towards eukaryotic cells. Therefore, considerable efforts have been made over the years both in wet and dry lab to overcome this limitation. With the advances in peptide synthesis, now it is possible to fine-tune the physicochemical properties of peptides by incorporating several chemical modifications and thus to optimize the peptide functionality in order to minimize the toxicity without compromising their therapeutic activity. Also various in silico tools for peptide toxicity prediction and peptide designing have been developed, which facilitates designing of therapeutic peptides with desired toxicity. In this chapter, we have discussed both wet lab and dry lab approaches used to optimize peptide toxicity. More emphasis has been given to describe the in silico method, ToxinPred, to predict the toxicity of peptide and about how to design a peptide or protein with desired toxicity by mutating minimum number of amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer Gupta
- Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
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27
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Michael BR, Gedara SR, Amer MM, Stevenson L, Ahmed AF. Evidence-based medicinal value ofRudbeckia hirtaL. flowers. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:909-13. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.891202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Niso M, Abate C, Contino M, Ferorelli S, Azzariti A, Perrone R, Colabufo NA, Berardi F. Sigma-2 receptor agonists as possible antitumor agents in resistant tumors: hints for collateral sensitivity. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:2026-35. [PMID: 24106081 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of contributing to the development of novel antitumor agents, high-affinity σ2 receptor agonists were developed, with 6,7-dimethoxy-2-[4-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]butyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (15) and 9-[4-(6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)butyl]-9H-carbazole (25) showing exceptional selectivity for the σ2 subtype. Most of the compounds displayed notable antiproliferative activity in human MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells, with similar activity in the corresponding doxorubicin-resistant MCF7adr cell line. Surprisingly, a few compounds, including 25, displayed enhanced activity in MCF7adr cells over parent cells, recalling the phenomenon of collateral sensitivity, which is under study for the treatment of drug-resistant tumors. All of the compounds showed interaction with P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and 15 and 25, with the greatest activity, were able to revert P-gp-mediated resistance and reestablish the antitumor effect of doxorubicin in MCF7adr cells. We therefore identified a series of σ2 receptor agonists endowed with intriguing antitumor properties; these compounds deserve further investigation for the development of alternate strategies against multidrug- resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari (Italy)
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29
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Sun W, Park YD, Sugui JA, Fothergill A, Southall N, Shinn P, McKew JC, Kwon-Chung KJ, Zheng W, Williamson PR. Rapid identification of antifungal compounds against Exserohilum rostratum using high throughput drug repurposing screens. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70506. [PMID: 23990907 PMCID: PMC3749181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent large outbreak of fungal infections by Exserohilum rostratum from contaminated compounding solutions has highlighted the need to rapidly screen available pharmaceuticals that could be useful in therapy. The present study utilized two newly-developed high throughput assays to screen approved drugs and pharmaceutically active compounds for identification of potential antifungal agents. Several known drugs were found that have potent effects against E. rostratum including the triazole antifungal posaconazole. Posaconazole is likely to be effective against infections involving septic joints and may provide an alternative for refractory central nervous system infections. The anti-E. rostratum activities of several other drugs including bithionol (an anti-parasitic drug), tacrolimus (an immunosuppressive agent) and floxuridine (an antimetabolite) were also identified from the drug repurposing screens. In addition, activities of other potential antifungal agents against E. rostratum were excluded, which may avoid unnecessary therapeutic trials and reveals the limited therapeutic alternatives for this outbreak. In summary, this study has demonstrated that drug repurposing screens can be quickly conducted within a useful time-frame. This would allow clinical implementation of identified alternative therapeutics and should be considered as part of the initial public health response to new outbreaks or rapidly-emerging microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yoon-Dong Park
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Janyce A. Sugui
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Annette Fothergill
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Noel Southall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul Shinn
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John C. McKew
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kyung J. Kwon-Chung
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter R. Williamson
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Immunology and International Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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30
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Shchepin RV, Liu W, Yin H, Zagol-Ikapitte I, Amin T, Jeong BS, Roberts LJ, Oates JA, Porter NA, Boutaud O. Rational Design of Novel Pyridinol-Fused Ring Acetaminophen Analogues. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:710-714. [PMID: 24482730 DOI: 10.1021/ml4000904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (ApAP) is an electron donor capable of reducing radicals generated by redox cycling of hemeproteins. It acts on the prostaglandin H synthases (cyclooxygenases; COXs) to reduce the protoporphyrin radical cation in the peroxidase site of the enzyme, thus preventing the intra-molecular electron transfer that generates the Tyr385 radical required for abstraction of a hydrogen from arachidonic acid to initiate prostaglandin synthesis. Unrelated to this pharmacological action, metabolism of ApAP by CYPs yields an iminoquinone electrophile that is responsible for the hepatotoxicity, which results from high doses of the drug. We synthesized novel heterocyclic phenols predicted to be electron donors. Two of these inhibited the oxygenation of arachidonic acid by PGHS-1 and myoglobin and also were shown to be more metabolically stable and exhibited less direct cytotoxicity than acetaminophen. They are leading candidates for studies to determine whether they are free of the metabolism-based hepatotoxicity produced by acetaminophen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V. Shchepin
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station
B 351822, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station
B 351822, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Department of Medicine, Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, Tennessee
37232-6602, United States
| | - Irene Zagol-Ikapitte
- Department of Medicine, Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, Tennessee
37232-6602, United States
| | - Taneem Amin
- Department of Medicine, Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, Tennessee
37232-6602, United States
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station
B 351822, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - L. Jackson Roberts
- Department of Medicine, Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, Tennessee
37232-6602, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, Tennessee
37232-6602, United States
| | - John A. Oates
- Department of Medicine, Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, Tennessee
37232-6602, United States
| | - Ned A. Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station
B 351822, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- Department of Pharmacology, Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, Tennessee
37232-6602, United States
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Picchietti S, Bernini C, Belardinelli MC, Ovidi E, Taddei AR, Guerra L, Abelli L, Fausto AM. Immune modulatory effects of Aloe arborescens extract on the piscine SAF-1 cell line. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:1335-1344. [PMID: 23470814 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacological potential of Aloe arborescens Miller leaf components was investigated, with special attention deserved to immune modulatory effects on the Sparus aurata fibroblast cell line SAF-1. The cells were treated with Aloe extract at different concentrations (1.2-4.8 mg ml(-1)) for various times (24-72 h). The lowest concentration did not provoke any cellular damage observable by SEM and did not affect ATP amounts after 24 and 48 h, while even induced a significant increase over controls after 72 h. We next examined the transcription kinetics of different immune-related genes (IL-1β, TGF-β, TNF-α, COX-2, IFN-I, Mx and MHCI-α) in SAF-1 cells stimulated with LPS or poly I:C. The Aloe extract (1.2 mg ml(-1)) acted as a powerful immune stimulant in LPS- or poly I:C-activated SAF-1 cells, inducing a synergic effect on interconnected genes that are expected to be involved in different aspects of the immune responses. These reports provide a new perspective for the use of A. arborescens to prevent or oppose bacterial and viral fish diseases and to face, as an alternative strategy based on natural plant extracts, the growing unwillingness to rely upon standard solutions involving antibiotics or antimicrobial chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Picchietti
- Dep. for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy.
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Fischer KR, Opitz A, Böeck M, Geerling G. Stability of serum eye drops after storage of 6 months. Cornea 2013; 31:1313-8. [PMID: 22955119 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0b013e3182542085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Serum eye drops are used for the treatment of ocular surface disease (eg, Sicca syndrome). The objective of this experimental study was to investigate whether they maintain their wound-healing potency after a prolonged storage of 6 months at -20 °C and to find a parameter that can serve as a quality and stability indicator. METHODS After obtaining whole blood from 10 volunteers and preparing 100% (AS100), 50% (AS50), and 20% (AS20) serum eye drops, epitheliotrophic factors including EGF, fibronectin, vitamins A and E, albumin, and immunoglobulin A were quantified before and after storage for 7 days at 6 °C or 3 and 6 months at -20 °C. Human corneal epithelial (HCE) cell lines were used to investigate proliferation, migration, and overall wound healing potency of the cells in response to different serum preparations. The proliferation, migration, and wound healing of HCE cells were measured after incubation with different serum eye drop concentrations and after different storage conditions. RESULTS The concentration of epidermal growth factor, fibronectin, vitamins A and E, immunoglobulin A, and albumin showed no significant reduction over the test period. Proliferation, migration, and wound healing of HCE cells was significantly better after incubation with undiluted serum in comparison with diluted serum. No significant loss of cytokine concentration, wound healing, and proliferation effect in HCE culture of AS100, AS50, and AS20 could be detected over the 6 months of storage. CONCLUSIONS The concentration of a spectrum of cytokines involved in corneal epithelial wound healing and the epitheliothrophic effect of serum are not significantly changed after a prolonged storage of 6 months at -20 °C. Hence, it seems justifiable to provide patients with appropriate freezer capacity with a 6-month supply of autologous serum eye drops. Albumin--which is known to be relevant for ocular surface health--could serve as a cost-effective parameter for stability controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai R Fischer
- Department of Periodontology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Wang X, Ning SB, Shen EY, Guo LM. Synergistic cytotoxic effect of anti-human DR5 monoclonal antibody hCTB006 and irinotecan on gastric cancer BGC823 and SGC7901 cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:3130-3134. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i32.3130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the cytotoxic effect of combined anti-human DR5 monoclonal antibody hCTB006 and irinotecan on human gastric cancer BGC823 and SGC7901 cells in vitro.
METHODS: The cytotoxic effect of hCTB006 and irinotecan, alone or in combination, was evaluated using ATP lite assay. DR5 expression in tumor cells was examined using ELISA. The level of cytoplasmic XIAP was detected by Western blot.
RESULTS: Irinotecan exerted a cytotoxic effect on gastric cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner, while the effect of hCTB006 on gastric cancer cells was not concentration-dependent. hCTB006 combined with irinotecan resulted in a synergistic cytotoxic effect on BGC823 cells, but not on SGC7901 cells. Irinotecan treatment did not significantly alter DR5 expression. Combined irinotecan and hCTB006 down-regulated XIAP expression in BGC823 cells, but not in SGC7901 cells.
CONCLUSION: Irinotecan can inhibit the growth of gastric cancer dose-dependently. Anti-human DR5 monoclonal antibody hCTB006 and irinotecan exert a synergistic cytotoxic effect on gastric cancer cells possibly by regulating the expression of XIAP.
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Ge WQ, Pu JX, Zheng SY. Clinical application of the adenosine triphosphate-based response assay in intravesical chemotherapy for superficial bladder cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:689-92. [PMID: 22524797 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.2.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate correlations between adenosine triphosphate chemotherapy response assay (ATP-CRA) and clinical outcomes after ATP-CRA-based chemotherapy for drug selection in patients receiving intravesical chemotherapy to prevent recurrence of superficial bladder cancer after surgery. METHODS The chemosensitivities of 12 anticancer drugs were evaluated, including 5-Fu ADM, and EPI, using ATP-CRA and primary tumor cell culture in 54 patients. In addition, a further 58 patients were treated according to clinical experience. Differences in post-chemotherapeutical effects between drug sensitivity assay and experience groups were compared. RESULTS The evaluable rate of the test was 96.3%, the clinical effective rate was 80.8%, the sensitivity rate was 97.6% (41/42), the specificity was 20%, the total predicting accuracy was 74.3%, the positive predictive value was 83.7% (41/49), the negative predictive value was 66.7% (2/3); in the drug sensitivity test group, the clinical effective rate was 80.8%, the experience group response rate was 63.8%, with a significant difference in clinical effects between the ATP-based sensitivity and experience groups (χ2 =7.0153, P<0.01). CONCLUSION ATP-CRA is a stable, accurate and potentially practical chemosensitivity test providing a predictor of chemotherapeutic response in patients with superficial bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Ge
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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35
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In vitro cytotoxicity and morphological assessment of smoke from polymer combustion in human lung derived cells (A549). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2012; 215:320-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Zhang ZW, Ning SB, Shen EY, Guo LM, Zhao YJ, Wang QM. Effect of combined HCTB006 and 5-fluorouracil on the growth of human gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901 and MKN28. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:546-551. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i7.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of combined anti-human death receptor 5 (DR5) monoclonal antibody HCTB006 and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the growth of human gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901 and MKN28 and to explore possible mechanisms involved.
METHODS: The ability of HCTB006 and 5-FU, alone or in combination, to inhibit the proliferation of SGC-7901 and MKN28 cells was measured by ATP-Lite assay. The expression of DR5 on the surface of gastric cancer cells was examined by flow cytometry. The level of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) and caspase 3 in treated cells was detected by Western blot.
RESULTS: SGC-7901 and MKN28 cells were less sensitive to HCTB006. Concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity of 5-FU was exhibited in SGC-7901 and MKN28 cells. The combination of 5-FU and HTCB006 exhibited a synergistic effect on the proliferation of SGC 7901 and MKN28 cells. The positive rates of DR5 expression on the surface of SGC-7901 and MKN28 cells were 93.8% and 87.7%, respectively. Western blot analysis revealed that combined HCTB006 and 5-FU induced XIAP degradation and caspase 3 activation.
CONCLUSION: The combination of 5-FU and HTCB006 exhibited a synergistic effect on the growth of SGC-7901 and MKN28 cells possibly via a mechanism associated with XIAP degradation. The in vitro sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to HCTB006 has no direct association with DR5 expression.
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Jandova J, Eshaghian A, Shi M, Li M, King LE, Janda J, Sligh JE. Identification of an mtDNA mutation hot spot in UV-induced mouse skin tumors producing altered cellular biochemistry. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 132:421-8. [PMID: 22011905 PMCID: PMC3258376 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing awareness of the role of mtDNA alterations in the development of cancer, as mtDNA point mutations are found at high frequency in a variety of human tumors. To determine the biological effects of mtDNA mutations in UV-induced skin tumors, hairless mice were irradiated to produce tumors, and the tumor mtDNAs were screened for single-nucleotide changes using temperature gradient capillary electrophoresis (TGCE), followed by direct sequencing. A mutation hot spot (9821insA) in the mitochondrially encoded tRNA arginine (mt-Tr) locus (tRNA(Arg)) was discovered in approximately one-third of premalignant and malignant skin tumors. To determine the functional relevance of this particular mutation in vitro, cybrid cell lines containing different mt-Tr (tRNA(Arg)) alleles were generated. The resulting cybrid cell lines contained the same nuclear genotype and differed only in their mtDNAs. The biochemical analysis of the cybrids revealed that the mutant haplotype is associated with diminished levels of complex I protein (CI), resulting in lower levels of baseline oxygen consumption and lower cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. We hypothesize that this specific mtDNA mutation alters cellular biochemistry, supporting the development of keratinocyte neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jandova
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology Division, Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
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Zumpe C, Bachmann CL, Metzger AU, Wiedemann N. Comparison of potency assays using different read-out systems and their suitability for quality control. J Immunol Methods 2010; 360:129-40. [PMID: 20603126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, three of the most commonly used non-radioactive read-out systems for bioassays, the tetrazolium salt MTS/PMS, the fluorescent dye Alamar Blue and the ATP bioluminescence assay were compared regarding their suitability for quality control purposes. In this regard, three different potency assays using murine CTLL-2, as well as human DiFi and Kit 225 cells were performed. No major differences regarding accuracy and precision were detected between the different read-out systems. Both workload and hands-on time were similar for all three assays used. All read-out systems were suitable for use in quality control. However, luminescence and fluorescence techniques were much more sensitive than the colorimetric system. The first two could determine approximately ten times lower drug concentrations, and the assay could be performed by using considerably lower cell numbers. Moreover, in two of the three potency assays, the luminescence and fluorescence read-out systems provided higher signal to noise ratios leading to a higher precision of the assays. Regarding the comparison of the luminescence and fluorescence system, the ATP assay has the advantage to be much faster than the Alamar Blue assay. Consequently, in this study, the luminescence technique turned out to be the most advantageous of the three read-out systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zumpe
- Analytical Development Biotech Products, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, Darmstadt, Germany
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Zagol-Ikapitte I, Amarnath V, Bala M, Roberts LJ, Oates JA, Boutaud O. Characterization of scavengers of gamma-ketoaldehydes that do not inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:240-50. [PMID: 20041722 DOI: 10.1021/tx900407a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is associated with the development of many pathologic conditions. The product of COX-2, prostaglandin H(2) (PGH(2)), can spontaneously rearrange to form reactive gamma-ketoaldehydes called levuglandins (LGs). This gamma-ketoaldehyde structure confers a high degree of reactivity on the LGs, which rapidly form covalent adducts with primary amines of protein residues. Formation of LG adducts of proteins has been demonstrated in pathologic conditions (e.g., increased levels in the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease) and during physiologic function (platelet activation). On the basis of knowledge that lipid modification of proteins is known to cause their translocation and to alter their function, we hypothesize that modification of proteins by LG could have functional consequences. Testing this hypothesis requires an experimental approach that discriminates between the effects of protein modification by LG and the effects of cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoids acting through their G-protein coupled receptors. To achieve this goal, we have synthesized and evaluated a series of scavengers that react with LG with a potency more than 2 orders of magnitude greater than that with the epsilon-amine of lysine. A subset of these scavengers are shown to block the formation of LG adducts of proteins in cells without inhibiting the catalytic activity of the cyclooxygenases. Ten of these selective scavengers did not produce cytotoxicity. These results demonstrate that small molecules can scavenge LGs in cells without interfering with the formation of prostaglandins. They also provide a working hypothesis for the development of pharmacologic agents that could be used in experimental animals in vivo to assess the pathophysiological contribution of levuglandins in diseases associated with cyclooxygenase up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Zagol-Ikapitte
- Departments of Pharmacology, Pathology, and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, USA
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Chang LY, Lin JC, Chang CW, Ho WH, Chen YT, Peng JL, Hung SL. Inhibitory effects of safrole on phagocytosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species, and the activity of myeloperoxidase released by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1330-7. [PMID: 19656034 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.080202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safrole, a component of Piper betle inflorescence, inhibits bactericidal activity and the release of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). This in vitro study further investigated the effects of safrole on phagocytic activity, the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activity of the lysosomal enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is released by human PMNs. METHODS The possible effects of safrole on the phagocytic activity of PMNs against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) were determined using flow cytometry. PMNs were treated with various concentrations of safrole, which was followed by treatment with Hanks balanced salt solution with or without cytochalasin B and fMet-Leu-Phe (CB/fMLP). Intracellular ROS was determined using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and a fluorometer, whereas MPO activity was determined using a substrate assay. RESULTS Safrole significantly inhibited the phagocytic activity of PMNs in a dose-dependent manner. Approximately 50% of the phagocytic activity of PMNs was affected when 10 mM safrole was used. Exposure of the PMNs to safrole (up to 5 mM) did not directly affect the intracellular levels of ROS and the extracellular activity of MPO. However, the ability of CB/fMLP to trigger production of intracellular ROS and the activity of MPO released by human PMNs was significantly suppressed by safrole. CONCLUSIONS Safrole reduced the uptake of A. actinomycetemcomitans by human PMNs. Safrole also impaired the normal activation activity of PMNs. Alterations in the defensive properties of PMNs by safrole might promote bacterial colonization, and this could result in periodontal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien-Yu Chang
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Krzaczkowski L, Wright M, Rebérioux D, Massiot G, Etiévant C, Gairin JE. Pharmacological screening of bryophyte extracts that inhibit growth and induce abnormal phenotypes in human HeLa cancer cells. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2009; 23:473-82. [PMID: 19709324 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antitumor activities of substances from natural sources apart from vascular plants and micro-organisms have been poorly investigated. Here we report on a pharmacological screening of a bryophyte extract library using a phenotypic cell-based assay revealing microtubules, centrosomes and DNA. Among the 219 moss extracts tested, we identified 41 extracts acting on cell division with various combinations of significant effects on interphasic and mitotic cells. Seven extracts were further studied using a cell viability assay, cell cycle analysis and the phenotypic assay. Three distinct pharmacological patterns were identified including two unusual phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Krzaczkowski
- Centre de Recherche en Pharmacologie approximately Santé, UMR 2587 CNRS-Pierre Fabre, ISTMT, 31432 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
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Wenge B, Bönisch H. Interference of the noradrenergic neurotoxin DSP4 with neuronal and nonneuronal monoamine transporters. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2009; 380:523-9. [PMID: 19838680 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-009-0459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The haloalkylamine DSP4 (N[-2-chloroethyl]-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine) is a noradrenergic neurotoxin, which is used for the chemical denervation of noradrenergic neurons, and it has been proposed to be a selective substrate for the neuronal, Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent noradrenaline transporter (NAT). In the present study, we investigated whether DSP4 not only interacts with the human NAT (hNAT) but also with other neuronal monoamine transporters such as the transporters for dopamine (hDAT) and serotonin (hSERT) or with nonneuronal (Na(+)-independent) monoamine transporters also known as organic cation transporters (OCTs), such as hOCT(1), hOCT(2), and hOCT(3). Using human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells heterologously expressing the corresponding transporter, we show that DSP4 irreversibly inhibits the hNAT, hDAT, hSERT, and hOCT(3). However, this inhibition includes a reversible component at the hDAT, hSERT, and hOCT(3) but not at the hNAT. The inhibitory potency of DSP4 at the neuronal transporters was highest at the hNAT (IC(50) about 5 microM), and it was about five and 40 times lower at the hSERT and hDAT, respectively. DSP4 inhibited all three hOCTs with high potency (IC(50) about 1 microM) but in a completely reversible manner at hOCT(1) and hOCT(2). Cytotoxicity by 24-h exposure of hNAT- or hOCT-expressing cells to low DSP4 concentrations (<10 microM) could be observed only in hNAT-expressing cells. Thus, DSP4's high-affinity uptake through the NAT together with its completely irreversible mode of interaction with the NAT may contribute to its selectivity as noradrenergic neurotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birger Wenge
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Reuterstrasse 2 B, Bonn, Germany
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Synthesis, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity of self-regulating magnetic implant material for hyperthermia application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2009.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hildebrand JL, Bains OS, Lee DSH, Kennedy CJ. Functional and energetic characterization of P-gp-mediated doxorubicin transport in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 149:65-72. [PMID: 18664392 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An assessment of energetic costs associated with P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated xenobiotic efflux is important in understanding the energy budgets, tradeoffs, and fitness of organisms inhabiting contaminated environments. Here, a functional characterization and determination of the energetic costs associated with doxorubicin (DOX) efflux was examined in isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout. The accumulation and efflux of DOX were both concentration dependent. The efflux of DOX over a 3 h incubation period resulted in a significant decrease in intracellular ATP concentrations (maximum decrease 25%) compared to control baseline levels, while significant increases in concentrations of ADP (max. 26%), AMP (max. 36%) and inorganic phosphate (max. 11%). were observed. In addition, significant reductions in the adenylate energy charge ([AEC]: max 11%), and phosphorylation potential ([PP]: max. 53%) were shown in cells incubated with DOX compared to control cells. Inhibition of DOX efflux (max. 61%) by the non-competitive P-gp inhibitor tariquidar (XR9576), demonstrated that changes in ATP, ADP, AMP, inorganic phosphate concentrations, AEC and PP in DOX-exposed hepatocytes were mainly due to P-gp activity. Overall, these results indicate that the exposure of trout hepatocytes to DOX increases energetic and metabolic costs that are associated specifically with P-gp efflux activity.
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Sahu SC, Wiesenfeld PL, Kim CS, Ross IA, Sapienza PP, Newell R, O'Donnell MW, Flynn TJ. Validation of an in vitro model for assessment of androstenedione hepatotoxicity using the rat liver cell line clone-9. J Appl Toxicol 2008; 28:703-9. [PMID: 18059068 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Androstenedione, a naturally occurring steroid hormone, has been used to enhance athletic performance. Little is known, however, about its hepatotoxicity. Clone-9 cells, a non-transformed epithelial cell line that was originally isolated from normal liver of a 4-week old Sprague-Dawley rat, were used as an in vitro model to assess the hepatotoxic potential of androstenedione. The cultures were treated with androstenedione for 24 h at 37 degrees C in 5% CO(2) at concentrations of 0-100 microg ml(-1). After the treatment period, the cells and the culture supernatants were assayed for markers of cytotoxicity which included: release of liver enzymes, cell viability, cellular double-stranded DNA content, oxidative stress, steatosis, cellular ATP content, caspase-3 activity, the mitochondrial permeability transition and induction of cytochrome P450 activity. Significant concentration-dependent differences from control were observed in some endpoints at medium concentrations of 10 microg ml(-1) and above. These in vitro findings were compared with comparable endpoints obtained from an in vivo study of androstenedione toxicity in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Of the eight endpoints that could be compared between the two studies, only three (lipid accumulation, ATP depletion and P450 activity) appeared to be concordant. This suggests that, under the experimental conditions used, the clone-9 cells were not a good model for androstenedione hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saura C Sahu
- Division of Toxicology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
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Kendrick JE, Straughn JM, Oliver PG, Wang W, Nan L, Grizzle WE, Stockard CR, Alvarez RD, Buchsbaum DJ. Anti-tumor activity of the TRA-8 anti-DR5 antibody in combination with cisplatin in an ex vivo human cervical cancer model. Gynecol Oncol 2008; 108:591-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Fatty Acid Composition, Antioxidant Properties, and Antiproliferative Capacity of Selected Cold-Pressed Seed Flours. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-008-1207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ulukaya E, Ozdikicioglu F, Oral AY, Demirci M. The MTT assay yields a relatively lower result of growth inhibition than the ATP assay depending on the chemotherapeutic drugs tested. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 22:232-9. [PMID: 17904330 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2006] [Revised: 06/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Accurate assessment of the anti-growth effects of chemotherapeutics is immensely importance in cancer research with regard to drug discovery and toxicological safety. A number of in vitro cytotoxicity assays are used for these purposes. However, there is the possibility for different results in the assessments because the way they measure the viability of cancer cells is specific to each assay. In the present study, the performance of two common assays (MTT and ATP) in the assessment of anti-growth effects of chemotherapeutics on a lung cancer cell line (A549) was compared. The cells were treated with paclitaxel, docetaxel, gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), etoposide, doxorubicin, epirubicin, cisplatin, 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) and carboplatin in six different concentrations. When taking all the drugs and inhibitions into account, a moderate correlation (r=0.670; p=0.01) between the assays was found. However, IC 50 values by the MTT assay were higher in 90% of the drugs than those found by the ATP assay. In addition to this, there was a statistically significant difference between the dose response curves of the assays, which was dependent on the drugs of choice. We recommend caution in comparing these assays to evaluate the anti-growth effects of chemotherapeutics because the MTT assay seem to give rise to relatively lower inhibition (higher viability) levels than the ATP assay, depending on the drugs of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Ulukaya
- Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry Department, Medical School of Uludag University, 16059 Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey.
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Borges-Argáez R, Balnbury L, Flowers A, Giménez-Turba A, Ruiz G, Waterman PG, Peña-Rodríguez LM. Cytotoxic and antiprotozoal activity of flavonoids from Lonchocarpus spp. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 14:530-3. [PMID: 17291734 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A number of flavonoids isolated from Lonchocarpus spp. were evaluated for their antiprotozoal and cytotoxic activity. Flavone 6 and chalcone 7 were found to be the most active against Leishmania parasites and against cell cultures of Leukemia P388DI and adenocarcinoma prostate PC-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Borges-Argáez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No 130 Chuburná, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Estes JM, Oliver PG, Straughn JM, Zhou T, Wang W, Grizzle WE, Alvarez RD, Stockard CR, LoBuglio AF, Buchsbaum DJ. Efficacy of anti-death receptor 5 (DR5) antibody (TRA-8) against primary human ovarian carcinoma using a novel ex vivo tissue slice model. Gynecol Oncol 2007; 105:291-8. [PMID: 17303227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2006] [Revised: 12/17/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of a death receptor 5 (DR5) targeting monoclonal antibody (TRA-8) in primary ovarian cancer specimens utilizing a tissue slice technique that allows for assessment of anti-tumor activity in a three-dimensional ex vivo model. METHODS Nineteen primary ovarian tumor specimens were obtained at the time of cytoreductive surgery and tumor slices were prepared with the Krumdieck tissue slicer. Tumor slices were incubated with TRA-8 for 24 h and a dose-response curve was established for each specimen using non-linear modeling, with IC50 values used as the parameter of TRA-8 sensitivity. In parallel with ATP viability assays, TRA-8 treated and untreated tumor slices were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis to confirm apoptosis induction. RESULTS Incubation with 0-1000 ng/ml TRA-8 resulted in a dose response with maximum killing observed at 1000 ng/ml compared to untreated control slices. IC50 values of 6.0 to >1000 ng/ml were calculated for individual tumor specimens. H&E, IHC, and western blot specimens demonstrated TRA-8-induced cellular death in a dose-dependent fashion via apoptosis and activation of caspases 3, 8, and 9. The apoptosis produced by varying concentrations of TRA-8 was confirmed using the TUNEL technique. Treatment with TRA-8 markedly reduced proliferation in the ovarian cancer cells as measured by expression of Ki-67/SP6. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that targeting DR5 with TRA-8 decreases cellular proliferation, increases caspase activation, and induces apoptosis in this novel three-dimensional ex vivo model of primary ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Estes
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th Street South, OHB 538, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA.
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