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Hegde A, D L, M SA, Geevee A, Srikant RM. A Comparative Analysis of Arch Widths in Class I and Class II Malocclusion: Extraction vs. Non-extraction Treatment. Cureus 2024; 16:e57982. [PMID: 38738108 PMCID: PMC11087014 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to assess and compare dental arch widths in the anterior and posterior regions among patients undergoing extraction and non-extraction treatments for Class I and Class II malocclusions. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY A total of 40 patients were selected, with 10 in each of the categorized groups based on malocclusion type and treatment status. Dental arch widths were meticulously measured using a digital Vernier caliper at the canine and molar regions to ensure precise data collection. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were noted when comparing mean inter-canine and molar widths between pre- and post-treatment periods among extraction cases in Class I malocclusion (p < 0.001). Conversely, there were no significant changes observed in arch widths among non-extraction cases in Class I malocclusion. Similarly, significant changes were observed in both extraction and non-extraction cases of Class II malocclusion when comparing mean inter-canine and molar widths between pre- and post-treatment periods (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION After treatment, both Class I and Class II extraction cases showed an increase in inter-canine arch width, while intermolar arch width remained unchanged, suggesting that the treatment did not significantly alter the buccal corridor. Additionally, there were no notable changes in inter-canine arch widths between pre- and post-treatment in Class I non-extraction cases. However, the Class II non-extraction group exhibited increased upper and lower inter-canine arch widths after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Hegde
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Dental College and Hospital, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, IND
| | - Lohith D
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, RajaRajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, IND
| | - Shailaja A M
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sri Siddhartha Dental college And Hospital, Tumkur, IND
| | - Ajith Geevee
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Salem, IND
| | - Rohith M Srikant
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sumukh Dental Clinic, Bangalore, IND
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Krittika Dental Clinic, Bangalore, IND
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, R. K. Dental Care, Bangalore, IND
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Nogueira CQ, Galvão Chiqueto KF, Freire Fernandes TM, Castanha Henriques JF, Janson G. Effects of the Forsus fatigue-resistant device and mandibular anterior repositioning appliance in Class II malocclusion treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:814-823. [PMID: 36202700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fixed functional appliances have been used to treat Class II malocclusion by a huge number of professionals. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the effects of the Forsus fatigue-resistant device and compare the findings with a well-matched group treated with the mandibular anterior repositioning appliance (MARA). METHODS The Forsus group was composed of 14 patients at an initial mean age of 12.4 ± 1.3 years, treated with the Forsus fatigue-resistant device followed by a fixed orthodontic appliance. The MARA group comprised 18 patients at an initial mean age of 12.1 ± 1.3 years, treated with MARA followed by fixed orthodontic appliances. The untreated control group consisted of 14 patients matched with the other groups. Posttreatment changes were calculated as T1 - T2. Intergroup comparisons regarding treatment changes were performed using repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test. RESULTS During treatment, the Forsus group showed a statistically significant decrease in maxillary protrusion and maxillomandibular sagittal discrepancy in the control group. The MARA group showed significantly greater retrusion of maxillary incisors than the Forsus and the control group. Overjet decreased significantly more in the treated groups in relation to the control group. Molar relationship improved significantly more in both treated groups, and both showed more correction than the untreated control group. CONCLUSIONS The Forsus and MARA associated with fixed appliances effectively corrected the Class II malocclusion, mostly using dentoalveolar changes and maxillary growth restriction.
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Abdelhafez RS, Talib AA, Al-Taani DS. The effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontium and soft tissue esthetics in adult patients. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 8:410-420. [PMID: 34494383 PMCID: PMC8874061 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Most patients seek orthodontic treatment to achieve an esthetic outcome. Orthodontic treatment has possible negative sequelae. The aim of this study is to assess these possible effects on the periodontium and tissue esthetics. Methods One hundred fifty‐six patients who have completed orthodontic treatment at Jordan University of Science and Technology clinics were recruited. They were divided into extraction and nonextraction subgroups. Another 155 patients never undergoing orthodontic treatment were assessed. The height of papilla, width of keratinized gingiva, gingival recession, degree of tooth display, smile line, crestal bone level, and proximal caries were assessed. Chi‐ square test was used for categorical/discrete variables while independent t‐test was used for continuous variables. The level of significance was set at (p ≤ 0.05). Results The mean age was 22 years with no significant difference between the groups. There was a significant difference between “ortho” and “nonortho” groups in tooth display and keratinized gingiva (p = 0.006 and <0.001, respectively). The overall crestal bone level, smile line, recession, and papilla fill did not show any significant differences (p = 0.200, 0.067, 0.120, and 0.066, respectively). The crestal bone level in the upper and lower anterior segments was significantly lower in the “ortho” treated group compared to the “nonortho” treated group (p = 0.002 and 0.005, respectively). A significant difference between “extraction” and “nonextraction” groups was in the width of keratinized gingiva (p = 0.003) and the number of teeth displayed (p < 0.001). Despite reaching statistical significance these differences are not necessarily of clinical significance. Conclusion Orthodontic treatment clearly affects the periodontal tissues; however, the detrimental effects appear to be minimal. Patients with history of orthodontic treatment might have lower crestal bone levels at certain sites and this should not be confused with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem S Abdelhafez
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmad A Talib
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Dafi S Al-Taani
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Rongo R, Nissen L, Leroy C, Michelotti A, Cattaneo PM, Cornelis MA. Three-dimensional soft tissue changes in orthodontic extraction and non-extraction patients: A prospective study. Orthod Craniofac Res 2021; 24 Suppl 2:181-192. [PMID: 34080292 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the soft tissue changes in orthodontic extraction and non-extraction patients on 3D stereophotogrammetric images. SETTING AND SAMPLE 23 extraction (22.2 ± 9.2 years) and 23 non-extraction (20.3 ± 11.1 years) consecutive patients were enrolled at the Sections of Orthodontics at Aarhus University and at University of Naples Federico II. METHODS All patients had a first 3D image taken after bonding of brackets on the upper incisors (T0), and a second 3D image (T1) after space closure in the extraction group or at insertion of the first SS or TMA rectangular wire in the non-extraction group. The 3D images were captured with 3dMDFace System and analysed with 3dMDVultus Software. After placing 19 landmarks, 15 measurements were obtained. Intragroup changes were analysed with paired t-test and intergroup changes with unpaired t-test (P < .05). RESULTS Superimpositions of the 3D images at T0 and T1 visualized with colour-coded maps showed that soft tissue changes primarily happened in the perioral area in both groups. The Nasolabial angle increased significantly in the extraction group (3°± 4.1, P = .002), while it decreased in the non-extraction group (-1.5°± 5.5°, P = .002). There was a significant difference between the two groups (4.4°, P = .004). CONCLUSIONS 3D comparison of the soft tissues in the extraction and non-extraction groups showed statistically significant, but clinically limited differences in the perioral area. The Nasolabial angle was significantly larger at T1 in the extraction group compared with the non-extraction group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rongo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, School of Orthodontics, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Line Nissen
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Ambrosina Michelotti
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, School of Orthodontics, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo M Cattaneo
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marie A Cornelis
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Theerasopon P, Lindauer SJ, Charoemratrote C. Separation of aligning and leveling stages to control mandibular incisor inclination: A randomized clinical trial. Dental Press J Orthod 2021; 26:e2119378. [PMID: 33950082 PMCID: PMC8103905 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.26.2.e2119378.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether separating the alignment and leveling phases can reduce proclination of the mandibular incisors. METHODS Eligibility criteria included Class I subjects with an irregularity index of 3-5 mm, 3-4 mm curve-of-Spee (COS), and non-extraction treatment. Thirty adults were randomly allocated into two groups: (1) Control group was leveled and aligned simultaneously with flat archwires progressively to 0.016x0.022-in stainless-steel; (2) Experimental group was aligned first with 0.014-in-superelastic NiTi with mild accentuated COS, then leveled using 0.016x0.022-in beta-titanium accentuated COS archwires and gradually reduced the curve until flat. Mandibular incisor position and inclination were evaluated by cephalometric analysis. COS and irregularity index were evaluated in study models. Assessment was conducted twice after 0.016-in NiTi and after 0.016x0.022-in stainless-steel archwire placements. Dental changes from cephalograms and models were compared within group using paired t-test and between groups using independent t-test. RESULTS Control group: Round-wire-phase, mandibular incisors tipped labially (4.38° and 1 mm) with intrusion (-1.13 mm); Rectangular-wire-phase, mandibular incisors further intruded and proclined (-0.63 mm and 1.38°). Experimental group: During aligning with round accentuated COS archwires, mandibular incisors tipped very slightly labially (0.75° and 0.50 mm) with no significant intrusion; during leveling with rectangular archwires, incisors majorly intruded (1.75 mm) with slight proclination (1.81°). The experimental group had significant less incisor proclination (control: 5.76°, experimental: 2.56°) with more incisor intrusion (control: -1.75 mm, experimental: -2.13 mm). The COS in experimental group showed significant greater reduction (-2.88 mm) than that of the control group (-1.69 mm). CONCLUSION In control group, mandibular incisor proclination was markedly observed in round archwires, with further proclination caused by rectangular archwires. In experimental group, minimal proclination was exhibited when accentuated COS round archwires were used for aligning. Leveling with rectangular archwires caused less proclination with more COS reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpat Theerasopon
- University of Phayao, School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Phayao, Thailand)
| | - Steven J Lindauer
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Richmond/VA, USA)
| | - Chairat Charoemratrote
- Prince of Songkla University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dentistry (Songkhla, Thailand)
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Kantharaju VH, Shivaprakash G, Shamnur N. The Relationship between Posttreatment Smile Esthetics and the ABO Objective Grading System: Class I Extraction versus Non-Extraction Cases. Turk J Orthod 2021; 34:39-45. [PMID: 33828877 DOI: 10.5152/turkjorthod.2020.20030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the components of the objective grading system developed by the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) and smile esthetics in Class I extraction vs non-extraction cases. Methods A total of 40 extraoral smile images of orthodontically treated (20 extraction and 20 non-extraction) cases in the age group of 13-30 years and Class I skeletal malocclusion with an average mandibular plane angle were selected. Smile images were rated only by the orthodontist, and this panel included 12 members. Scoring of post-treatment dental casts and panoramic radiographs of each patient was performed by 1 investigator per the guidelines of the ABO grading system. The Pearson correlation coefficient and logistic regression analysis were used to ascertain whether the scores of the ABO grading system could foretell whether a smile would be "attractive" or "unattractive." Results The correlation between all the criteria of the ABO grading system and attractiveness of the smile was extremely weak. The r values ranged from -0.53 to 0.37 for extraction cases and -0.63 to 0.003 for non-extraction cases (p>0.05). Neither individual parameters nor total scores of the ABO grading system could predict whether the smile was attractive or unattractive in either group. Conclusion No correlation was found between post-treatment ABO grading and smile esthetics in patients with extraction or non-extraction. Hence, this study recommends that ancillary soft tissue variables have to be incorporated into the grading system to evaluate a smile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gowdara Shivaprakash
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Naveen Shamnur
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Bapuji of Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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Lip profile changes in patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion of varied growth patterns treated with maxillary premolar extractions: A pilot study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 158:684-693. [PMID: 33010980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This retrospective pilot study assessed the pre- and posttreatment lip profile changes among adult patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion of varied growth patterns and compared these changes with patients with a skeletal Class I relationship, to identify the dental, skeletal, and soft tissue cephalometric variables that altered the posttreatment lip profile. METHODS A total of 33 digital cephalograms were divided into 4 study groups based on the mandibular plane (Mp-SN) angle: group 1 (control, skeletal Class I; mean angle = 21.5°) (n = 8), group 2 (Class II Division 1 malocclusion; low angle = <26°) (n = 8), group 3 (Class II Division 1 malocclusion; intermediate angle = 26°-38°) (n = 9), and group 4 (Class II Division 1 malocclusion; high angle = >38°) (n = 8). RESULTS We observed a significant decrease in SNA, ANB, maxillary incisor to NA (degrees and millimeters), and soft tissue parameters, especially lip strain and lower lip to E line and upper lip to E line. Posttreatment intergroup comparison showed a significant increase of Mp-SN, and this increase was greater in group 3, followed by group 4 as compared with group 1. In addition, statistically significant differences in SNA, ANB, mandibular incisor to NB (degrees) and IMPA, and H angle in groups 2-4 were observed. CONCLUSIONS Patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion showed a significant decrease in SNA, ANB, maxillary incisor to NA, and all soft tissue parameters in posttreatment compared with group 1. Thus, the soft tissue changes resulted in a similar profile to patients in group 1, who are considered to have an aesthetically pleasing posttreatment profile.
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8
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Bombonatti R, Aliaga-Del Castillo A, Bombonatti JFS, Garib D, Tompson B, Janson G. Cephalometric and occlusal changes of Class III malocclusion treated with or without extractions. Dental Press J Orthod 2020; 25:24-32. [PMID: 32965384 PMCID: PMC7510493 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.25.4.024-032.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the cephalometric and
occlusal changes of orthodontically treated Class III malocclusion patients.
Methods: The experimental groups comprised 37 Class III patients treated: G1) without
(n=19) and G2) with extractions (n=18) . The control group (G3), matched by
age and sex with the experimental groups, consisted of 18 subjects with
untreated Class III malocclusion. Cephalometric (radiographs) and occlusal
(study models) changes were assessed between the beginning (T1)
and the end (T2) of treatment. Intergroup comparisons were
performed with one-way ANOVA followed by Kruskal-Wallis tests
(p< 0.05). Occlusal changes were evaluated by the
peer assessment rating (PAR) index (ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests), and the
treatment outcomes were evaluated by the Objective Grading System (OGS)
(t-tests). Results: The experimental groups showed a restrictive effect on mandibular anterior
displacement and a discrete improvement in the maxillomandibular
relationship. Extraction treatment resulted in a greater retrusive movement
of the incisors and significant improvements in the overjet and molar
relationship in both groups. The PAR indexes were significantly reduced with
treatment, and the OGS scores were 25.6 (G1) and 28.6 (G2), with no
significant intergroup difference. Conclusions: Orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion patients with fixed
appliances improved the sagittal relationships, with greater incisor
retrusion in the extraction group. Both the extraction and non-extraction
treatments significantly decreased the initial malocclusion severity, with
adequate and similar occlusal outcomes of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bombonatti
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ortodontia, (Bauru/SP, Brazil)
| | - Arón Aliaga-Del Castillo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ortodontia, (Bauru/SP, Brazil)
| | - Juliana Fraga Soares Bombonatti
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos (Bauru/SP, Brazil)
| | - Daniela Garib
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ortodontia, (Bauru/SP, Brazil).,Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais (Bauru/SP, Brazil)
| | - Bryan Tompson
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, (Toronto/ON, Canada).,Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Orthodontics (Toronto/ON, Canada)
| | - Guilherme Janson
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ortodontia, (Bauru/SP, Brazil)
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Long-term occlusal changes and patient satisfaction in patients treated with and without extractions: 37 years after treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 158:e17-e27. [PMID: 32863088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this research was to evaluate the treatment outcomes, long-term occlusal changes, and patient satisfaction after 37 years of nonextraction and extraction treatments. METHODS Fifty-seven patients with Class I and Class II malocclusion were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 16 patients treated with nonextraction therapy, with mean initial (T1), final (T2), and long-term posttreatment (T3) ages of 13.2, 15.0, and 50.3 years, respectively. Mean treatment time (T2 - T1) and long-term follow-up time (T3 - T2) were 1.8 and 35.2 years, respectively. Group 2 included 41 patients treated with extraction of 4 first premolars, with mean ages at T1, T2, and T3 of 13.3, 15.6, and 53.6 years, respectively. Mean treatment (T2 - T1) and long-term follow-up (T3 - T2) times were 2.3 and 37.9 years, respectively. The Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index and Objective Grading System (OGS) indexes were evaluated at T1, T2, and T3 stages. The subjects also answered an online questionnaire regarding esthetic and occlusal self-perception at T3. Intergroup comparison was performed with t tests. RESULTS The PAR index improved with treatment and similarly worsened at T3 for both groups. OGS scores were close to the passing score at T2 for both groups. The nonextraction group presented worse OGS scores at T3 than the extraction group. Nonextraction patients perceived more changes in alignment over time, but overall satisfaction was similar. CONCLUSIONS The PAR index improved with treatment, and the PAR and OGS scores showed a significant increase, indicating great occlusal changes in the long-term stage. The nonextraction group showed more occlusal changes and perceived more changes in their alignment over time, but overall patient satisfaction was similar in both groups.
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Cotrin P, Gambardela-Tkacz CM, Moura W, Iunes A, Janson G, Freitas MR, Freitas KMS. Anterior tooth alignment and arch dimensions changes: 37-year follow-up in patients treated with and without premolar extraction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 158:e5-e15. [PMID: 32843251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this research was to evaluate the anterior tooth alignment and dental arch dimension changes after orthodontic treatments with and without premolar extractions in the long-term. METHODS Fifty-seven patients with Class I and Class II malocclusion were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 16 patients treated with nonextraction therapy, with mean initial (T1), final (T2), and long-term follow-up (T3) ages of 13.20 years, 15.07 years, and 50.32 years, respectively. The mean treatment (T2 - T1) and long-term follow-up (T3 - T2) times were 1.86 years and 35.25 years, respectively. Group 2 included 41 patients treated with extraction of 4 first premolars, with T1, T2, and T3 ages of 13.31 years, 15.63 years, and 53.60 years, respectively. The mean treatment and long-term follow-up times were 2.32 years and 37.96 years, respectively. The mean retention time was 2.26 years for both groups. The dental casts were obtained and digitized at T1, T2, and T3 stages. The following measurements were obtained: Little irregularity index, arch length, perimeter, and intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths. Intragroup and intergroup comparisons were performed with repeated measures analysis of variance and t tests, respectively. RESULTS Anterior tooth irregularity index increased at T3 in both groups. In addition, all arch dimensions, except the intercanine width, were significantly smaller in the extraction group at T3. Both groups showed similar arch dimension changes at T3, except for the mandibular arch perimeter. The percentage of mandibular anterior tooth alignment change was significantly greater in the nonextraction than in the extraction group. CONCLUSIONS There was no difference in the changes of anterior alignment and transverse arch dimensions in patients treated with and without premolar extraction at T3, but the percentage of mandibular anterior tooth alignment changes was higher in the nonextraction than in the extraction patients at T3. The mandibular arch perimeter showed more of a decrease at T3 in extraction patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cotrin
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Wilana Moura
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Augusto Iunes
- Department of Orthodontics, Inga University Center, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Janson
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto Freitas
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Orthodontics, Inga University Center, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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11
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Kouli A, Papagiannis A, Konstantoni N, Halazonetis DJ, Konstantonis D. A geometric morphometric evaluation of hard and soft tissue profile changes in borderline extraction versus non-extraction patients. Eur J Orthod 2020; 41:264-272. [PMID: 30212892 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjy056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the hard tissue and facial profile changes in matched extraction and non-extraction Class I patients by the use of geometric morphometrics. SUBJECTS AND METHODS From a parent sample of 542 Class I patients, previously subjected to discriminant analysis, a subsample of 68 borderline cases was obtained, 34 treated with extraction and 34 without extraction of 4 first premolars. Geometric morphometric methods (Procrustes superimposition and Principal Component Analysis) were applied on cephalometric tracings to assess the validity of the discriminant analysis in successfully identifying a morphologically homogeneous group and to evaluate inter- and intra-group skeletal and facial profile shape changes. RESULTS No significant pre-treatment shape difference between the two groups was found, thus validating the discriminant analysis. The non-extraction group showed increase in hard tissue facial height (P < 0.001), with slight lower lip retrusion and upper lip protrusion (P = 0.027). The extraction group showed retraction of the hard tissue and facial profile outline (P < 0.001). Permutation tests for post-treatment inter-group differences resulted in P = 0.054 for the soft tissue outline and P = 0.078 for the hard tissue skeletal component. CONCLUSIONS The evidence indicates that borderline cases treated with four premolar extractions will exhibit lip retrusion compared to non-extraction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Kouli
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Papagiannis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Konstantoni
- Center for Advanced Dental Education, Department of Orthodontics, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, USA
| | - Demetrios J Halazonetis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Konstantonis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Mohammed H, Čirgić E, Rizk MZ, Vandevska-Radunovic V. Effectiveness of prefabricated myofunctional appliances in the treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion: a systematic review. Eur J Orthod 2020; 42:125-134. [PMID: 31329848 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prefabricated myofunctional appliances (PMAs) are widely advocated for correcting Class II division I malocclusion. However, their effectiveness is associated with a high amount of uncertainty within contemporary literature. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to systematically examine the available literature regarding the effectiveness of PMAs in treating Class II division 1 malocclusion in children and adolescents. SEARCH METHODS Comprehensive unrestricted electronic searches in multiple databases as well as manual searches were conducted up to August 2018. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies (NRS) matching the eligibility criteria. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two independent review authors were directly involved in study selection, data extraction, and bias assessment. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and the ROBINS-I tool were used for assessing the risk of bias. Quantitative pooling of the data was undertaken with a random-effects model with its 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Three RCTs comparing PMAs to activators and three NRS comparing PMAs to untreated controls met the inclusion criteria. On a short-term basis, exploratory quantitative synthesis indicated that the activators were more effective than the PMAs in correcting overjet with a mean difference of (1.1 mm; 95% CI: 0.44 to 1.77). On a long-term basis, there were no significant differences between the two appliances. Qualitative synthesis indicated less favorable soft tissue changes as well as patient experiences and compliance with the PMAs when compared to the activators. However, PMAs were associated with reduced costs compared to customized activators and modest changes when compared to untreated controls. CONCLUSIONS On a short-term basis, low quality of evidence suggests that PMAs were generally less effective than the activators in treating Class II division 1 malocclusion. The main advantage of PMAs seems to be their reduced costs. These results should be viewed with caution, as a definitive need for high-quality long-term research into this area is required. REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42018108564).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Mohammed
- Edinburgh Dental Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Emina Čirgić
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Orthodontics, University Clinics of Odontology, Public Dental Service, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Djaharu'ddin I. Prediction Formula of Permanent Canine and Premolar Eruption in Mixed Dentition Patients at Universitas Airlangga, Dental Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia. Contemp Clin Dent 2020; 10:105-109. [PMID: 32015651 PMCID: PMC6975001 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_464_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The eruption of permanent canine, first and second premolars need to be predicted because they are erupted last, before the eruption of permanent first and second molars, in order to estimate the available space in orthodontic treatment. Aim This study aimed to predict the eruption of permanent canine, first and second premolars in mixed dentition. Materials and Methods A cross sectional clinical observation was conducted in 21 subjects of 13 males nad 8 females with the age range of 8-12 years old. Their panoramic radiographs were used to create a prediction formula of permanent canine and premolars. The independent variables of this research are age, weight, height, birth weight, birth height, period of breastfeeding, and vertical distance of eruption. Data were analyzed by coefficient of multiple correlation followed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results The prediction formula is as follows: Y = -5107 + 1645 X 1 + 078 X 2, where Y is the time of eruption, X 1 is the height, and X 2 is the vertical distance of eruption. Conclusion The prediction formula is useful for serial extraction in orthodontic treatment. It is also useful for forensic odontology, especially in the determination or identification of ages. It is recommended to be implemented in the science of development, especially in orthodontics and forensic odontology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwadi Djaharu'ddin
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Kitahara T, Islam R, Nakata S. Quantitative evaluation of lip morphology at rest and on smiling in orthognathic patients with hyperdivergent retrognathism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.odw.2009.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kitahara
- Division of Oral Health, Growth & Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakata
- Division of Oral Health, Growth & Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Bashir R, Sonar S, Batra P, Srivastava A, Singla A. Comparison of transverse maxillary dental arch width changes with self-ligating and conventional brackets in patients requiring premolar extraction - A randomised clinical trial. Int Orthod 2019; 17:687-692. [PMID: 31466930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate, the change in the transverse maxillary arch dimensions, in patients requiring all first premolar extractions when using Active and Passive Self-ligating brackets, and comparing them with Conventional brackets. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a non-blinded randomised clinical trial, which consisted of 42 patients (21 males and 21 females) within the age group of 16-25 years, having bimaxillary protrusion. They were divided into three groups with 14 patients each. In Group 1 - Conventional brackets (3M Unitek), in Group 2 - Passive Self-ligation brackets: Smart Clip (3M Unitek), and in Group 3 - Active Self-ligation brackets: Empower AO (American Orthodontics) were bonded. All brackets had MBT prescription and 0.02" slot size. Dental study models were taken before the start of treatment and after six months of retraction. Inter-canine and intermolar widths were measured in all the three groups in the above mentioned stages. RESULTS As compared to Conventional brackets, Self-ligating brackets (Passive and Active) showed greater increase in the transverse arch widths. Furthermore, between Passive and Active Self-ligating brackets, Passive Self-ligating brackets - Smart Clip (Group 2) showed a greater increment in the transverse arch dimensions, with an increase of 4.89mm in the inter-canine width and 3.4mm in intermolar width. CONCLUSION Significant difference was found between Self-ligating brackets and the Conventional bracket system regarding maxillary arch width dimensional changes. Passive Self-ligating brackets - Smart Clip (Group 2) showed the highest and inter-molar width increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Bashir
- Institute of Dental studies and Technologies, 201201 Modinagar, UP, India.
| | - Saurabh Sonar
- Institute of Dental studies and Technologies, 201201 Modinagar, UP, India
| | - Puneet Batra
- Institute of Dental studies and Technologies, 201201 Modinagar, UP, India
| | - Amit Srivastava
- Institute of Dental studies and Technologies, 201201 Modinagar, UP, India
| | - Anu Singla
- Institute of Dental studies and Technologies, 201201 Modinagar, UP, India
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Khan AR, Fida M, Sukhia RH. Factors affecting changes in soft tissue profile after various treatment modalities for skeletal Class II malocclusion: A cross-sectional study. Int Orthod 2019; 17:497-505. [PMID: 31257136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Various treatment modalities are used to treat skeletal Class II malocclusion with different effects on the soft tissue. This study was aimed to determine factors affecting changes in soft tissue profile after various treatment modalities for skeletal Class II malocclusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using pre-treatment and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 141 subjects. The sample consisted of 47 patients treated with Clark's Twin Block, 47 with first premolar extractions, and 47 with Class II elastics. The post-treatment cephalograms were superimposed on pre-treatment radiographs using stable landmarks: anterior wall of sella turcica and anterior cranial base. The changes in profile were evaluated by paired t-test using X-Y co-ordinate system. Changes in profile were predicted by using multi-variable linear regression analysis. Level of significance was kept at P≤0.05. RESULTS The changes in soft tissue profile were statistically significant for all the landmarks (P<0.001) of nose, upper and lower lip, and chin in horizontal and vertical direction, except subnasale and labrale superius in the horizontal direction. The soft tissue profile changes can be predicted for all landmarks with various prediction powers except pronasale, subnasale, and inferior labial sulcus in the vertical direction. CONCLUSIONS Almost all the soft tissue landmarks of nose and lower third of the face exhibit downward and forward movement. The changes in the upper lip in both horizontal and vertical directions were found to be more predictable than those occurring in the lower lip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rahman Khan
- The Aga Khan University Hospital, Section of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
| | - Mubassar Fida
- The Aga Khan University Hospital, Section of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Rashna Hoshang Sukhia
- The Aga Khan University Hospital, Section of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
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Evrard A, Tepedino M, Cattaneo PM, Cornelis MA. Which factors influence orthodontists in their decision to extract? A questionnaire survey. J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 11:e432-e438. [PMID: 31275515 PMCID: PMC6599705 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the relative influence of different criteria in the choice between extraction and nonextraction treatment in current orthodontics, and to assess how the percentage of extractions has evolved over time. Material and Methods Pre-treatment records (panoramic radiograph, lateral cephalogram, study casts and photographs) of fourteen cases in permanent dentition (adult or adolescent) with class I molar relationship and moderate anterior crowding were evaluated by 28 orthodontists. For each case, each orthodontist filled out a questionnaire reporting his treatment plan proposal (extraction or nonextraction) and the importance of specific parameters in his decision-making process, using categorical scales. Orthodontists practicing for more than 15 years were also asked to compare this decision with the one they would have taken at the beginning of their professional career. Results The two most important factors in the decision-making were the soft tissue profile and the amount of crowding. The least important factor was the presence of third molars. In cases of nonextraction treatment, the lack of space was managed mostly by dental expansion and stripping. Twenty percent of the case evaluations revealed extraction(s) decisions. Among the orthodontists practicing for more than 15 years, the current extraction rate reached 24%, whereas the same orthodontists reported they would have extracted in 39% of the cases in the past. Conclusions The present study suggests that soft tissue profile has a higher impact than traditional criteria such as cephalometric measurements in the extraction decision. This is associated with a decreased extractions rate compared to the past. Key words:Orthodontics, extractions, survey, treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Tepedino
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paolo M Cattaneo
- Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral health, Aarhus University, Faculty of HEALTH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie A Cornelis
- Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral health, Aarhus University, Faculty of HEALTH, Aarhus, Denmark
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Dai F, Yu J, Chen G, Xu T, Jiang R. Changes in buccal facial depth of female patients after extraction and nonextraction orthodontic treatments: A preliminary study. Korean J Orthod 2018; 48:172-181. [PMID: 29732303 PMCID: PMC5932319 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2018.48.3.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to investigate buccal facial depth (BFD) changes after extraction and nonextraction orthodontic treatments in post-adolescent and adult female patients, and to explore possible influencing factors. METHODS Twelve and nine female patients were enrolled in the extraction and nonextraction groups, respectively. Changes in BFD in the defined buccal region and six transverse and two coronal measuring planes were measured after registering pretreatment and posttreatment three-dimensional facial scans. Changes in posterior dentoalveolar arch widths were also measured. Treatment duration, changes in body mass index (BMI), and cephalometric variables were compared between the groups. RESULTS BFD in the buccal region decreased by approximately 1.45 mm in the extraction group, but no significant change was observed in the nonextraction group. In the extraction group, the decrease in BFD was identical between the two coronal measuring planes, whereas this differed among the six transverse measuring planes. Posterior dentoalveolar arch widths decreased in the extraction group, whereas these increased at the second premolar level in the nonextraction group. The treatment duration of the extraction group was twice that of the nonextraction group. No differences were found in BMI and Frankfort horizontal-mandibular plane angle changes between the groups. BFD changes in the buccal region moderately correlated with treatment duration and dental arch width change. CONCLUSIONS BFD decreased in adult female patients undergoing extraction, and this may be influenced by the long treatment duration and constriction of dentoalveolar arch width. However, nonextraction treatment did not significantly alter BFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Dai
- Second Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Gui Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Tianmin Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Ruoping Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
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Al-Jewair T, Stellrecht E, Lewandowski L, Chakaki R. American Association of Orthodontists Foundation Craniofacial Growth Legacy Collection in the orthodontic literature—use and trends: A systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018; 153:15-25.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dahiya G, Masoud AI, Viana G, Obrez A, Kusnoto B, Evans CA. Effects of unilateral premolar extraction treatment on the dental arch forms of Class II subdivision malocclusions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 152:232-241. [PMID: 28760285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A retrospective study evaluating posttreatment symmetry in dental arch form and midlines was carried out in Class II subdivision patients treated with unilateral and bilateral maxillary premolar extractions. METHODS Using Geomagic (version 14; Geomagic, Research Triangle Park, NC) and MATLAB (version 8.4; MathWorks, Natick, Mass) software, best-fit curves expressed as quartic polynomials were generated for 13 Class II subdivisions treated with unilateral extractions and 20 treated with bilateral maxillary premolar extractions. Transverse and sagittal measurements were recorded to assess symmetry. Dental models were superimposed on constructed reference planes to generate average posttreatment arches. Statistical comparisons were performed with the significance level set at P ≤0.05. RESULTS The unilateral extraction group showed significant differences in transverse arch forms between the right and left sides in the anterior, anterior-middle, and middle segments of the arch, and all regions other than the posterior segment in the sagittal dimension. Significant differences were found between groups in the anterior and anterior-middle segments of the arch transversely, the middle and middle-posterior segments sagittally, and the midline deviation relative to the midsagittal plane. Superimposed average arches showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS Unilateral maxillary extraction treatment generally results in a narrower and more posteriorly displaced arch form on the extraction side, with a deviated maxillary midline toward the extraction side of the arch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginu Dahiya
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Ahmed I Masoud
- Department of Orthodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Grace Viana
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Ales Obrez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Budi Kusnoto
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Carla A Evans
- Department of Orthodontics, Boston University, Boston, Mass.
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Janson G, Castello Branco N, Aliaga-Del Castillo A, Henriques JFC, de Morais JF. Soft tissue treatment changes with fixed functional appliances and with maxillary premolar extraction in Class II division 1 malocclusion patients. Eur J Orthod 2017; 40:214-222. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjx053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Janson
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Blumber-Franco K, Rossouw PE, Buschang PH, Campbell PM, Ceen RF. Post-retention assessment of the transverse dimension in Class I crowding alignment utilizing the Damon System—A pilot study. Semin Orthod 2017. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Alhammadi MS, Fayed MS, Labib A. Three-dimensional assessment of condylar position and joint spaces after maxillary first premolar extraction in skeletal Class II malocclusion. Orthod Craniofac Res 2017; 20:71-78. [DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Alhammadi
- Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics; Ibb University; Ibb Republic of Yemen
| | - M. S. Fayed
- Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - A. Labib
- Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
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Shirazi S, Kachoei M, Shahvaghar-Asl N, Shirazi S, Sharghi R. Arch width changes in patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion treated with maxillary first premolar extraction and non-extraction method. J Clin Exp Dent 2016; 8:e403-e408. [PMID: 27703608 PMCID: PMC5045687 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine arch width changes during maxillary first premolars extraction and non-extraction treatment in patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion. Material and Methods Dental casts of 91 Class II division 1 patients (36 males and 55 females) were evaluated. The minimum age of the subjects at the beginning of treatment was above 16 years. 48 patients were treated with extraction of the maxillary first premolars and 43 patients were treated without extraction. Pre- and post-treatment maxillary and mandibular inter-canine and inter-molar arch widths were measured. Results At the end of treatment, maxillary and mandibular inter-canine widths of both groups increased significantly. The maxillary inter-molar width decreased in the extraction group and increased in the non-extraction group. The mandibular inter-molar width increased significantly in both groups. No significant differences were observed between males and females. Conclusions The results of this study indicated that there was a tendency for an increase in arch width during both the extraction and non-extraction treatment except maxillary inter-molar width in the extraction cases. Key words:Dental arch, malocclusion, angle Class II, tooth movement, extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Shirazi
- Lecturer and Faculty Member, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Research Fellow, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Kachoei
- Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naiemeh Shahvaghar-Asl
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Shirazi
- Under Graduate Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Sharghi
- Assistant Professor of Orthodontics, Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Kirschneck C, Proff P, Reicheneder C, Lippold C. Short-term effects of systematic premolar extraction on lip profile, vertical dimension and cephalometric parameters in borderline patients for extraction therapy--a retrospective cohort study. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:865-74. [PMID: 26349767 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The belief of many orthodontists that premolar extraction therapy leads to a loss of vertical dimension and an aggravated facial profile often predetermines a non-extraction approach. We investigated the short-term effects of systematic premolar extraction in borderline cases for extraction therapy on dentofacial parameters, especially vertical dimension and facial profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS Of 50 juvenile borderline cases for extraction treatment with a distinct sagittal overjet of 6-9 mm and dental crowding of >6 mm, 25 had all first premolars extracted, whereas the 25 control patients received non-extraction orthodontic treatment with corresponding fixed and removable appliances. Patient selection by multivariate cluster analysis ensured homogeneity at baseline regarding dentoskeletal parameters. Parameter changes were determined with radiographic cephalograms and compared between the extraction and non-extraction group. RESULTS The systematic extraction of premolars in borderline patients with a distinct sagittal overjet and crowding did not significantly influence sagittal or vertical skeletal dimension, while leading to a slightly more concave lip profile due to incisor retraction compared to the non-extraction control group. CONCLUSIONS The influence of premolar extractions on facial profile is often overestimated, since only slight changes in lip profile are to be expected. In integrated treatment planning, the extraction decision should not be primarily based on concerns about the aggravation of facial profile and loss of vertical dimension. CLINICIAL RELEVANCE The decision, whether to extract healthy premolars in borderline patients for extraction therapy, is difficult to make. Our study clarifies the repercussions on cephalometric dentofacial parameters, facilitating future orthodontic extraction decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Reicheneder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Lippold
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Muenster, Waldeyerstraße 30, 48149, Muenster, Germany
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Zafarmand AH, Zafarmand MM. Premolar extraction in orthodontics: Does it have any effect on patient's facial height? J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2015; 5:64-8. [PMID: 25767770 PMCID: PMC4355853 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.151980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Facial esthetics is an important part of the orthodontic treatment. Many cases frequently require premolar extraction, either for relief of crowding or for profile change. Supposedly, extraction provides some vertical reduction. This investigation challenges the clinical effects of such treatment protocols. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective and quasi-experimental study. Records of 60 patients in their post-pubertal age were randomly selected for this study. The criteria for case selection were: Class II Division I malocclusion with either two upper or four upper and lower first premolars extraction. Patients were not vertical-sensitive type of face. Pre- and post-treatment X-rays were scanned and digitized with Dolphin V 10.0 software. The X-rays of both groups were compared based upon the following cephalometric measurements: Lower anterior facial height (LAFH), Me–PP, Pal-MeGe, LAFH/total anterior facial height (TAFH) × 100, upper anterior facial height (UAFH)/TAFH × 100, U6 to PP, L6 to MP, and U6D–PTV. Results: In the four bicuspid group, a statistically significant increase was observed in all measurements: 2.53 mm increase in LAFH (P ≤ 0.04), 2.92 mm increase in Me–PP (P ≤ 0.01), 0.65° increase in Pal-MeGe (P ≤ 0.02), 0.66° increase in LAFH/TAFH × 100 (P ≤ 0.01), 1.26 mm increase in U6 to PP (P ≤ 0.02), 1.96 mm increase in L6 to MP (P ≤ 0.002), and 3.06 mm increase in U6D–PTV (P ≤ 0.0001). But a decrease of 0.66° in UAFH/TAFH × 100 (P ≤ 0.01) was observed. In the two bicuspid group, a significant increase was generally recorded: 2.06 mm increase in LAFH (P ≤ 0.05), 1.19° increase in Pal-MeGe (P ≤ 0.02), 1.39 mm increase in L6 to MP (P ≤ 0.002), and 2.37 mm increase in U6D–PTV (P ≤ 0.004). Conclusions: The results of this study are indicative of no change in patient's facial height with bicuspid extraction. In fact, extrusive effect of all types of tooth movement mostly overcomes the benefits of “wedging effect concept.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdol-Hamid Zafarmand
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Treatment outcomes after extraction and nonextraction treatment evaluated with the American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014; 146:717-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Francisconi MF, Janson G, Freitas KMS, Oliveira RCGD, Oliveira RCGD, Freitas MRD, Henriques JFC. Overjet, overbite, and anterior crowding relapses in extraction and nonextraction patients, and their correlations. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014; 146:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mah M, Tan WC, Ong SH, Chan YH, Foong K. Three-dimensional analysis of the change in the curvature of the smiling line following orthodontic treatment in incisor class II division 1 malocclusion. Eur J Orthod 2013; 36:657-64. [PMID: 23771899 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjt041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the different effects of changes in the occlusal plane, incisors inclination, and maxillary intercanine width on the curvature of the smiling line. MATERIALS Records of 46 subjects (28 females and 18 males, mean age 16.6 ± 4.2 years) with incisor class II division 1 malocclusions were selected. All subjects had four premolar extractions and were treated with preadjusted edgewise appliances. METHODS Pre- and post-treatment maxillary dental digital models were virtually aligned via corresponding landmarks to the respective lateral cephalograms. Subsequent two-dimensional superimposition of the aligned cephalograms facilitated the three-dimensional superimposition of the pre- and post-treatment models. This process allowed the quantification of the curvature from a frontal perspective of the models. The change in curvature was then correlated with changes in the cephalometric inclination of the anterior occlusal plane (AOP), functional occlusal plane (FOP), maxillary central incisor (U1), and the intercanine width. RESULTS Orthodontic correction in this sample resulted in the clockwise rotation of the anterior occlusal plane (5.84 degrees), reduction in proclination of the incisors (-14.39 degrees), increase in intercanine width (2.48mm), and a corresponding increase in the curvature of the smiling line (6.83 degrees). CONCLUSIONS The change in curvature of the smiling line in these subjects was found to be related more significantly to the magnitude of difference in the inclination between the pre-treatment AOP and FOP than to the change in the inclination of the maxillary incisors. With orthodontic treatment, the smiling line can be correlated with cephalometric data to improve or maintain the curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mah
- *Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore,
| | - Wei Chuan Tan
- **Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, and
| | - Sim Heng Ong
- **Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, and
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- ***Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelvin Foong
- *Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore
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Janson G, Sathler R, Fernandes TMF, Branco NCC, Freitas MRD. Correction of Class II malocclusion with Class II elastics: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013; 143:383-92. [PMID: 23452973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although Class II elastics have been widely used in the correction of Class II malocclusions, there is still a belief that their side effects override the intended objectives. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the true effects of Class II elastics in Class II malocclusion treatment. METHODS A search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane databases, complemented by a hand search. Study eligibility criteria were the application of Class II elastics in Class II malocclusion treatment and the presentation of dental or skeletal outcomes of treatment. All age groups were included. RESULTS The search identified 417 articles, of which 11 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Four studied the isolated effects of Class II elastics, and 7 were comparisons between a single use of elastics and another method for Class II malocclusion correction. Because of the differences in treatment modalities in these articles, a meta-analysis was not possible. CONCLUSIONS Based on the current literature, we can state that Class II elastics are effective in correcting Class II malocclusions, and their effects are primarily dentoalveolar. Therefore, they are similar to the effects of fixed functional appliances in the long term, placing these 2 methods close to each other when evaluating treatment effectiveness. Little attention has been given to the effects of Class II elastics on the soft tissues in Class II malocclusion treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Janson
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Booij JW, Goeke J, Bronkhorst EM, Katsaros C, Ruf S. Class II treatment by extraction of maxillary first molars or Herbst appliance: dentoskeletal and soft tissue effects in comparison. J Orofac Orthop 2013; 74:52-63. [PMID: 23299649 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-012-0112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare dentoskeletal and soft tissue treatment effects of two alternative Class II division 1 treatment modalities (maxillary first permanent molar extraction versus Herbst appliance). METHODS One-hundred-fifty-four Class II division 1 patients that had either been treated with extractions of the upper first molars and a lightwire multibracket (MB) appliance (n = 79; 38 girls, 41 boys) or non-extraction by means of a Herbst-MB appliance (n = 75; 35 girls, 40 boys). The groups were matched on age and sex. The average age at the start of treatment was 12.7 years for the extraction and for 13.0 years for the Herbst group. Pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) lateral cephalograms were retrospectively analyzed using a standard cephalometric analysis and the sagittal occlusal analysis according to Pancherz. RESULTS The SNA decrease was 1.10° (p = 0.001) more pronounced in the extraction group, the SNB angle increased 1.49° more in the Herbst group (p = 0.000). In the extraction group, a decrease in SNB angle (0.49°) was observed. The soft tissue profile convexity (N-Sn-Pog) decreased in both groups, which was 0.78° more (n. s.) pronounced in the Herbst group. The nasolabial angle increased significantly more (+ 2.33°, p = 0.025) in the extraction group. The mechanism of overjet correction in the extraction group was predominantly dental (65% dental and 35% skeletal changes), while in the Herbst group it was predominantly skeletal (58% skeletal and 42% dental changes) in origin. CONCLUSION Both treatment methods were successful and led to a correction of the Class II division 1 malocclusion. Whereas for upper first molar extraction treatment more dental and maxillary effects can be expected, in case of Herbst treatment skeletal and mandibular effects prevail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Willem Booij
- Department of Orthodontics and Oral Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Castello Branco NC, Janson G, Freitas MRD, Morais J. Width of buccal and posterior corridors: differences between cases treated with asymmetric and symmetric extractions. Dental Press J Orthod 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s2176-94512012000500019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To verify if there is difference in the buccal and posterior corridor width in cases treated with extraction of one and four premolars. METHODS: Through posed smile photographs of 23 Class II patients, subdivision, treated with extraction of one premolar and 25 Class I and Class II patients, subdivision, treated with extraction of four premolars, the percentage of buccal and posterior corridor width was calculated. The two protocols of extractions were compared regarding the buccal and posterior corridor width by independent t tests. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference on the buccal and posterior corridor widths between patients treated with symmetric and asymmetric extraction. CONCLUSION: The buccal and posterior corridor did not differ between the evaluated protocols of extractions.
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Santos RLD, Ruellas ACDO. Dentofacial characteristics of patients with Angle Class I and Class II malocclusions. Dental Press J Orthod 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s2176-94512012000200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Al Maaitah E, El Said N, Abu Alhaija ES. First premolar extraction effects on upper airway dimension in bimaxillary proclination patients. Angle Orthod 2012; 82:853-9. [PMID: 22369618 DOI: 10.2319/101711-646.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine how orthodontic treatment with first premolar teeth extracted and the associated arch dimensional changes in bimaxillary proclination patients affect the upper airway dimensions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pre- and postorthodontic treatment cephalograms and dental casts of 40 bimaxillary proclination patients (ages ranged between 18 and 23 years) were used for this study. Patients were all treated with extraction of the four first premolars. Cephalometric radiographs were used to measure airway dimensions, and dental casts were used to measure the changes in the arch dimensions. A paired t-test was used to detect differences at P < .05. RESULTS The results showed statistically significant reductions in tongue length (P < .05), posterior adenoids thickness (AD2-H) (P < .05), upper and lower incisor inclination, and lower incisor to A-Pog line (P < .001). Considering the dental cast results, statistically significant reductions in upper arch length, lower arch length, and lower intermolar width were also found (P < .001). The only statistically significant increase was recorded for the upper intercanine width (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Extraction of the first premolars for the treatment of bimaxillary proclination does not affect upper airway dimensions despite the significant reduction in tongue length and arch dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Al Maaitah
- Department of Orthodontics, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
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Lara TS, Santos CCOD, Silva Filho OGD, Garib DG, Bertoz FA. Programa de extrações seriadas: variáveis relacionadas com a extração de pré-molares. Dental Press J Orthod 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s2176-94512011000500020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: verificar o percentual de pacientes que necessitaram extração de dentes permanentes, pré-molares, dentre aqueles tratados com extração de dentes decíduos para correção do apinhamento primário na dentição mista, bem como analisar as possíveis variáveis relacionadas. MÉTODOS: a amostra foi composta por documentações ortodônticas de 70 pacientes na dentição permanente, cujo tratamento iniciou-se na dentição mista com planejamento de um programa de extrações seriadas (PES). Todos os prontuários foram analisados por um único examinador, no intuito de verificar se o PES havia sido cumprido com a extração de dentes permanentes ou se havia sido realizada apenas extração de dentes decíduos. Verificou-se a associação entre a extração de dentes permanentes e as variáveis padrão facial; relação sagital entre as arcadas dentárias; IMPA; proporção tamanho do segundo molar permanente inferior/espaço retromolar; mecânica de controle de espaço e discrepância de modelo (teste exato de Fisher para as variáveis categóricas e modelo de regressão logística para as variáveis numéricas). Os resultados foram considerados para p<0,05. RESULTADOS: dos pacientes que haviam sido tratados com extração de dentes decíduos para a correção do apinhamento na dentição mista, 70% necessitaram de extração de dentes permanentes. A análise estatística não mostrou associação significativa entre as variáveis estudadas e a necessidade de extração de dentes permanentes, com exceção da variável discrepância de modelo. CONCLUSÃO: a discrepância de modelo representou a principal determinante de extração de pré-molares no PES.
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Hahn W, Wasser-Merkel W, Lange K, Gruber R, Kubein-Meesenburg D, Ihlow D. Accuracy of fit of 3-to-3 retainers after adhesive fixation using a neodymium–iron–boron magnet chain. J Orofac Orthop 2011; 72:381-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-011-0042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Quaglio CL, de Freitas KMS, de Freitas MR, Janson G, Henriques JFC. Stability and relapse of maxillary anterior crowding treatment in class I and class II Division 1 malocclusions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011; 139:768-74. [PMID: 21640883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The maxillary anterior teeth are the most important to facial esthetics because they are the first to show on a smile. Therefore, stability of the maxillary anterior teeth alignment is an important issue. The objective of this study was to compare the stability of maxillary anterior tooth alignment in Class I and Class II Division 1 malocclusions. METHODS The sample comprised dental casts of 70 patients with Class I and Class II Division 1 malocclusions and a minimum of 3 mm of maxillary anterior crowding measured by an irregularity index. The patients were treated with extractions and evaluated at pretreatment and posttreatment and at least 5 years after treatment. The sample was divided into 3 groups: group 1, Class I malocclusion treated with 4 first premolar extractions comprising 30 subjects, with an initial age of 13.16 years and 8.59 mm of initial maxillary irregularity; group 2, Class II malocclusion treated with 4 first premolar extractions comprising 20 subjects, with an initial age of 12.95 years and 11.10 mm of maxillary irregularity; and group 3, Class II malocclusion treated with 2 first maxillary premolar extractions comprising 20 subjects, with an initial age of 13.09 years and 9.68 mm of maxillary irregularity. RESULTS The decrease in the maxillary irregularity index was significantly greater in group 2 than in group 1 during treatment. The stability of maxillary anterior alignment was 88.12% over the long term; 77% of the linear displacement of the anatomic contact points tended to return to their original positions. CONCLUSIONS Stability of maxillary anterior alignment between the 3 groups was similar. The stability of maxillary anterior alignment was high over the long term, but a high percentage of teeth tended to return to their original positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Leite Quaglio
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Buschang PH, Fretty K, Campbell PM. Can commonly used profile planes be used to evaluate changes in lower lip position? Angle Orthod 2011; 81:557-63. [DOI: 10.2319/081710-483.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Kalwitzki M, Godt A, Göz G. Effects of extraction treatment on maxillary and mandibular sagittal development in growing patients. Eur J Orthod 2011; 33:544-50. [PMID: 21467123 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjq118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective investigation was designed to assess the effects of extraction treatment on the sagittal dimensions of the maxillary and mandibular skeletal structures of growing patients. The records of 40 patients (17 girls, 23 boys; median age 10 years 11 months) whose orthodontic treatment involved extraction of four premolars were evaluated and compared with a control group of 100 patients (54 girls, 46 boys; median age 10 years 7 months) treated non-extraction. Two lateral cephalograms were obtained of each patient, the first before the extractions, T1, and the second at a later point, T2 (mean difference 59 months). Linear parameters, including S-N, the maxillary/mandibular alveolar process, and maxillary/mandibular base, were measured. The same parameters were determined in the control group at corresponding time points (mean difference 63 months). For analysis, the sagittal dimensions of the alveolar processes and jaw bases were compared with each other. The relationships were also established to a reference line known to be unaffected by extraction treatment (S-N). This procedure was performed for the whole sample and for three subgroups formed according to the Wits appraisal. Statistical analysis was carried out using a Student's t-test. Comparisons of the total sample showed differences between the groups, which were statistically significant for the maxillary alveolar process, the mandibular alveolar process, and the mandibular base. They varied however in the different subgroups. Whenever extraction treatment is considered, it should be borne in mind that the effects on the sagittal dimension of different bony structures may vary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kalwitzki
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Tübingen, Germany.
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Valiathan M, El H, Hans MG, Palomo MJ. Effects of extraction versus non-extraction treatment on oropharyngeal airway volume. Angle Orthod 2010; 80:1068-74. [PMID: 20677956 DOI: 10.2319/010810-19.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of extraction vs nonextraction orthodontic treatments on oropharyngeal airway volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS An existing patient database was screened for pretreatment (T0) and posttreatment (T1) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and complete medical histories. Twenty patients treated with removal of four premolars (ExtG) and 20 controls (NExtG), were matched for age, gender, ethnicity, height, weight, body mass index, and oropharyngeal (OP) volumes, among other variables. Constructed lateral cephalograms (three skeletal and four dental variables) and OP volumes were measured at T0 and T1 using Dolphin Imaging 11.0. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare the groups at T0 and the outcome variables at T1. Paired sample t-tests were used to compare the mean changes from T0 to T1. Statistical significance was set at P < or = .05. RESULTS Changes from T0 to T1 were found to be significant in both groups for CoA, CoGn, U1-FH, and IMPA. In the ExtG alone, U1-Na Perp and L1-Na Perp were also significantly different from T0 to T1. Despite the observed differences, no significant differences were found at the end of treatment between the mean OP volumes for either group (12,675.6 +/- 4483.6 for ExtG; 12,002.7 +/- 2857.0 for NExtG, P > .05). Similarly, the mean changes in OP volume (1082.6 mm(3) and 1701.1 mm(3) for ExtG and NExtG, respectively) and increase in mean minimal constricted axial areas (17.4 mm(2) and 1.9 mm(2) for ExtG and NExtG, respectively, P > .05) from T0 to T1 were not significant for the two groups. CONCLUSION Extraction of four premolars with retraction of incisors does not affect OP airway volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Valiathan
- a Assistant Professor of Orthodontics, University, School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Janson G, Sathler R, Fernandes TMF, Zanda M, Pinzan A. Class II malocclusion occlusal severity description. J Appl Oral Sci 2010; 18:397-402. [PMID: 20835576 PMCID: PMC5349074 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572010000400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives It is well known that the efficacy and the efficiency of a Class II malocclusion
treatment are aspects closely related to the severity of the dental
anteroposterior discrepancy. Even though, sample selection based on cephalometric
variables without considering the severity of the occlusal anteroposterior
discrepancy is still common in current papers. In some of them, when occlusal
parameters are chosen, the severity is often neglected. The purpose of this study
is to verify the importance given to the classification of Class II malocclusion,
based on the criteria used for sample selection in a great number of papers
published in the orthodontic journal with the highest impact factor. Material and Methods A search was performed in PubMed database for full-text research papers
referencing Class II malocclusion in the history of the American Journal of
Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (AJO-DO). Results A total of 359 papers were retrieved, among which only 72 (20.06%) papers
described the occlusal severity of the Class II malocclusion sample. In the other
287 (79.94%) papers that did not specify the anteroposterior discrepancy severity,
description was considered to be crucial in 159 (55.40%) of them. Conclusions Omission in describing the occlusal severity demands a cautious interpretation of
44.29% of the papers retrieved in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Janson
- MRCDC (Member of the Royal College of Dentists of Canada), Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Community Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Martinelli FL, de Oliveira Ruellas AC, de Lima EM, Bolognese AM. Natural changes of the maxillary first molars in adolescents with skeletal Class II malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010; 137:775-81. [PMID: 20685532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2008] [Revised: 06/01/2008] [Accepted: 06/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to evaluate natural changes in maxillary posterior alveolar height (MPAH) and axial inclination of the maxillary first molars (AIMFM) in subjects with Class II malocclusion to determine the validity of predictive equations. METHODS Longitudinal records of 30 untreated white subjects (13 girls, 17 boys) with skeletal Class II malocclusion were collected at ages 9, 12, 14, and 16 years. They had participated in the Burlington Growth Centre study, and cephalograms were analyzed with Dentofacial Planner Plus software (version 2.0, Dentofacial Planner, Toronto, Ontario, Canada). Serial means were compared with the Bonferroni post-hoc test (P <0.05). Predictive equations were obtained and studied with the analysis of agreement. RESULTS Gradually, means of MPAH had statistical increments with sexual dimorphism from 14 to 16 years of age. A distal mean of AIMFM was found at 9 years of age that decreased significantly during growth, with sexual dimorphism between the ages of 9 and 12 years. Changes in AIMFM varied among subjects in distinct stages. Values of MPAH were predicted with high validity at intervals of 3 years or longer, whereas estimations for AIMFM were unreliable. CONCLUSIONS In this study group, there was significant alveolar growth, with a natural tendency to upright the distal inclination at the maxillary first molars.
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Cetinsahin A, Dinçer M, Arman-Ozçirpici A, Uçkan S. Effects of the zygoma anchorage system on canine retraction. Eur J Orthod 2010; 32:505-13. [PMID: 20457580 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjp167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the Gjessing (PG) retraction spring used with and without the zygoma anchorage system (ZAS) on canine retraction. Thirty patients, with an Angle Class I or Class II malocclusion, whose upper first premolars were scheduled for extraction, were divided into two equal groups. Group 1 comprised maximum anchorage cases (nine females and six males with a mean age of 16 years 8 months) in which the ZAS was used to improve posterior anchorage and the PG retraction springs for canine retraction. Moderate anchorage cases (10 females and 5 males with a mean age of 15 years 5 month) were included in group 2 and canine retraction was achieved using only PG retraction springs. Study models and lateral cephalometric radiographs obtained at the initial and final stages of canine retraction were used for comparison of the groups to determine the effects of zygoma anchorage on canine retraction. All measurements were evaluated statistically using a Student's t-test, 2 × 2 repeated measures analysis of variance, Bonferroni-adjusted t-test, and Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests according to the normality of the distribution of the variables. Mesial crown movement of the molars was 0.63 mm (P < 0.05) in group 1 and 1.50 mm (P < 0.001) in group 2. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the groups. No significant difference was observed between the groups for the rate of canine retraction or sagittal and vertical movement of the canines. The ZAS is a reliable and successful anchorage reinforcement method for canine retraction in extraction cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Cetinsahin
- Department of Orthodontics, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Treatment of a severe arch-length deficiency with anteroposterior and transverse expansion: long-term stability. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010; 137:401-11. [PMID: 20197181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the nonextraction treatment of a girl in the late mixed dentition with a severe arch-length deficiency. Rapid maxillary expansion and molar distalization were combined with a lip bumper in the mandible, followed by fixed appliances. Although the literature has reported a high rate of relapse with this method of treatment, excellent stability was achieved at 5 years 3 months posttreatment. The merits of extraction vs nonextraction treatment and stability are discussed.
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Nedeljkovic N, Scepan I, Glisic B, Markovic E. Dentaoalveolar changes in young adult patients with Class II/1 malocclusion treated with the Herbst appliance and an activator. VOJNOSANIT PREGL 2010; 67:170-5. [DOI: 10.2298/vsp1002170n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim. Functional appliances can be used effectively in the treatment of skeletal Class II/1 malocclusions. The best treatment results are obtained during active period of facial growth when skeletal, as well as dentoalveolar, changes occur. In comparison with removable functional appliances, such as activator, that are effective only during adolescent period of growth, the Herbst fixed appliance is also successful at the end of the growth period. It also offers a shorter treatment time and a patient compliance is not necessary. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare dentoalveolar changes in the group of young adult patients with Class II/1 malocclusion treated with the Herbst appliance and an activator. Methods. The sample for this study consisted of 50 patients of both sexes, 14-21 years of age with Class II/1 malocclusion. For estimating the effect of functional appliances used, the following cephalometrics parameters were determined: inclination of the upper and lower incisors, interincisal angle, antero-posterior molars relationships, overjet and overbite. The results obtained were statistically tested. Results. The cephalometric findings after the treatment indicated retroinclination of upper incisors (average value of 9?) and proclination of lower incisors (average value of 7?), mostly expressed in the patients treated by Herbst appliance (p < 0.001). Increased overjet and distocclusion were completely corrected in the group of patients treated with the Herbst appliance, while the correction of malocclusion in the activator group was only partially accomplished. No changes in the overbite were noticed at the end of the treatment in both groups. Conclusion. The results of this study revealed that the Herbst appliance is more effective in the treatment of Class II/1 malocclusion in young adults in comparison with the activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Nedeljkovic
- Stomatološki fakultet, Klinika za ortopediju vilica, Beograd%SR13-01.13.11
| | - Ivana Scepan
- Stomatološki fakultet, Klinika za ortopediju vilica, Beograd%SR13-01.13.11
| | - Branislav Glisic
- Stomatološki fakultet, Klinika za ortopediju vilica, Beograd%SR13-01.13.11
| | - Evgenija Markovic
- Stomatološki fakultet, Klinika za ortopediju vilica, Beograd%SR13-01.13.11
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de Souza DR, Semechini TA, Kröll LB, Berzin F. Oral myofunctional and electromyographic evaluation of the anterior suprahyoid muscles and tongue thrust in patients with Class II/1 malocclusion submitted to first premolar extraction. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 15:24-8. [PMID: 19089095 PMCID: PMC4327207 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572007000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2005] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the existence of myofunctional alterations before and after first premolar extraction in Class II/1 malocclusion patients that could endanger the long-term dental arch stability. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was performed by means of morphological, functional and electromyographic analyses in 17 Class II/1 malocclusion patients (group T) and 17 Class I malocclusion patients (group C), both groups with 12-30-year age range (mean age: 20.93 +/- 4.94 years). RESULTS Data analyzed statistically by Student's t-test showed a significant decrease in the maxillary and mandibular dental arch perimeters after orthodontic treatment (p<0.05). The Kruskal-Wallis test analyzed data from tongue posture at rest and during swallowing, not showing significant differences after treatment (groups Tb and Ta) (p>0.05). However, group T differed significantly from group C (p<0.05). The electromyographic data showed that the anterior right and left suprahyoid muscles acted synergistically in both groups, while having a lower myoelectric activity in group T during swallowing. CONCLUSIONS Myofunctional alterations observed after the orthodontic treatment in Class II/1 malocclusion seemed to jeopardize the long-term orthodontic stability, making recurrence possible. Further research should be conducted to compare electromyographic data before and after orthodontic treatment in order to corroborate the results of the present investigation.
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