Primidone-induced embryolethality and DRL deficits in surviving offspring

Effects of encapsulation of primidone on its oxidative metabolism in rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of primidone (PRM) nanoencapsulation on its metabolism. Suspensions of PRM powder and PRM-loaded poly-epsilon-caprolactone nanocapsules were administered orally in the same way to rats. Primidone-loaded poly-epsilon-caprolactone nanocapsules were prepared according to the interfacial deposition technique. Free PRM suspensions were obtained by addition of PRM powder to a suspension of 0.212% carboxymethylcellulose CMC 12H in water. The dose was 20 mg/kg, n = 6, for each experiment. Urinary and faecal levels of PRM and of its three major metabolites, phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA), phenobarbital (PB), and p-hydroxyphenobarbital (p-HO-PB), were determined. Concentrations were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) according to a validated analytical method. After PRM nanocapsule administration, non-metabolised PRM urinary levels were increased compared to those observed after administration of a suspension of primidone powder (43.7+/-8.8% after PRM-loaded nanocapsule and 37.7+/-8.1% after free PRM administration). For phenylethylmalonamide, no difference was observed in urinary excretion in the two cases. For two of the oxidised metabolites, PB and p-HO-PB, excretion was delayed and shortened. The amount of these oxidised metabolites was lowered from 0.95% after free PRM administration to 0.25% after PRM-loaded nanocapsule administration. No difference was noted in non-metabolised primidone excretion in faeces. These results suggest that primidone-loaded nanocapsules could be used as a vehicle for oral primidone administration in order to minimise the phenobarbital metabolic pathway.