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Bartsch T, Arndt C, Loureiro LR, Kegler A, Puentes-Cala E, Soto JA, Kurien BT, Feldmann A, Berndt N, Bachmann MP. A Small Step, a Giant Leap: Somatic Hypermutation of a Single Amino Acid Leads to Anti-La Autoreactivity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112046. [PMID: 34769474 PMCID: PMC8584381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-La mab 312B, which was established by hybridoma technology from human-La transgenic mice after adoptive transfer of anti-human La T cells, immunoprecipitates both native eukaryotic human and murine La protein. Therefore, it represents a true anti-La autoantibody. During maturation, the anti-La mab 312B acquired somatic hypermutations (SHMs) which resulted in the replacement of four aa in the complementarity determining regions (CDR) and seven aa in the framework regions. The recombinant derivative of the anti-La mab 312B in which all the SHMs were corrected to the germline sequence failed to recognize the La antigen. We therefore wanted to learn which SHM(s) is (are) responsible for anti-La autoreactivity. Humanization of the 312B ab by grafting its CDR regions to a human Ig backbone confirms that the CDR sequences are mainly responsible for anti-La autoreactivity. Finally, we identified that a single amino acid replacement (D > Y) in the germline sequence of the CDR3 region of the heavy chain of the anti-La mab 312B is sufficient for anti-La autoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Bartsch
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (T.B.); (C.A.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (E.P.-C.); (J.A.S.); (A.F.); (N.B.)
| | - Claudia Arndt
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (T.B.); (C.A.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (E.P.-C.); (J.A.S.); (A.F.); (N.B.)
| | - Liliana R. Loureiro
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (T.B.); (C.A.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (E.P.-C.); (J.A.S.); (A.F.); (N.B.)
| | - Alexandra Kegler
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (T.B.); (C.A.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (E.P.-C.); (J.A.S.); (A.F.); (N.B.)
| | - Edinson Puentes-Cala
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (T.B.); (C.A.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (E.P.-C.); (J.A.S.); (A.F.); (N.B.)
- Corporación para la Investigación de la Corrosión (CIC), Piedecuesta 681011, Colombia
| | - Javier Andrés Soto
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (T.B.); (C.A.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (E.P.-C.); (J.A.S.); (A.F.); (N.B.)
- BIOGEN Research Group, University of Santander, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cúcuta 540001, Colombia
| | - Biji T. Kurien
- The Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Anja Feldmann
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (T.B.); (C.A.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (E.P.-C.); (J.A.S.); (A.F.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicole Berndt
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (T.B.); (C.A.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (E.P.-C.); (J.A.S.); (A.F.); (N.B.)
| | - Michael P. Bachmann
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (T.B.); (C.A.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (E.P.-C.); (J.A.S.); (A.F.); (N.B.)
- BIOGEN Research Group, University of Santander, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cúcuta 540001, Colombia
- The Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 03128 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-351-260-3223
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Bachmann MP, Bartsch T, Bippes CC, Bachmann D, Puentes-Cala E, Bachmann J, Bartsch H, Arndt C, Koristka S, Loureiro LR, Kegler A, Laube M, Gross JK, Gross T, Kurien BT, Scofield RH, Farris AD, James JA, Schmitz M, Feldmann A. T Cell Mediated Conversion of a Non-Anti-La Reactive B Cell to an Autoreactive Anti-La B Cell by Somatic Hypermutation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1198. [PMID: 33530489 PMCID: PMC7865296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first description of nuclear autoantigens in the late 1960s and early 1970s, researchers, including ourselves, have found it difficult to establish monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against nuclear antigens, including the La/SS-B (Sjögrens' syndrome associated antigen B) autoantigen. To date, only a few anti-La mabs have been derived by conventional hybridoma technology; however, those anti-La mabs were not bona fide autoantibodies as they recognize either human La specific, cryptic, or post-translationally modified epitopes which are not accessible on native mouse La protein. Herein, we present a series of novel murine anti-La mabs including truly autoreactive ones. These mabs were elicited from a human La transgenic animal through adoptive transfer of T cells from non-transgenic mice immunized with human La antigen. Detailed epitope and paratope analyses experimentally confirm the hypothesis that somatic hypermutations that occur during T cell dependent maturation can lead to autoreactivity to the nuclear La/SS-B autoantigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Bachmann
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 03128 Dresden, Germany; (T.B.); (E.P.-C.); (C.A.); (S.K.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
- University Cancer Center (UCC), Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.B.); (J.B.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tabea Bartsch
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 03128 Dresden, Germany; (T.B.); (E.P.-C.); (C.A.); (S.K.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Claudia C. Bippes
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.C.B.); (H.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Dominik Bachmann
- University Cancer Center (UCC), Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Edinson Puentes-Cala
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 03128 Dresden, Germany; (T.B.); (E.P.-C.); (C.A.); (S.K.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
- Corporación para la Investigación de la Corrosión (CIC), Piedecuesta, Santander 681011, Colombia
| | - Jennifer Bachmann
- University Cancer Center (UCC), Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Holger Bartsch
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.C.B.); (H.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Claudia Arndt
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 03128 Dresden, Germany; (T.B.); (E.P.-C.); (C.A.); (S.K.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Stefanie Koristka
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 03128 Dresden, Germany; (T.B.); (E.P.-C.); (C.A.); (S.K.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Liliana R. Loureiro
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 03128 Dresden, Germany; (T.B.); (E.P.-C.); (C.A.); (S.K.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Alexandra Kegler
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 03128 Dresden, Germany; (T.B.); (E.P.-C.); (C.A.); (S.K.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Markus Laube
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 03128 Dresden, Germany; (T.B.); (E.P.-C.); (C.A.); (S.K.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Joanne K. Gross
- The Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.K.G.); (T.G.); (B.T.K.); (R.H.S.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Tim Gross
- The Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.K.G.); (T.G.); (B.T.K.); (R.H.S.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Biji T. Kurien
- The Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.K.G.); (T.G.); (B.T.K.); (R.H.S.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.J.)
| | - R. Hal Scofield
- The Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.K.G.); (T.G.); (B.T.K.); (R.H.S.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.J.)
| | - A. Darise Farris
- The Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.K.G.); (T.G.); (B.T.K.); (R.H.S.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Judith A. James
- The Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.K.G.); (T.G.); (B.T.K.); (R.H.S.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Marc Schmitz
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.C.B.); (H.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Anja Feldmann
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 03128 Dresden, Germany; (T.B.); (E.P.-C.); (C.A.); (S.K.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
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Papamattheou MG, Routsias JG, Karagouni EE, Sakarellos C, Sakarellos-Daitsiotis M, Moutsopoulos HM, Tzioufas AG, Dotsika EN. T cell help is required to induce idiotypic-anti-idiotypic autoantibody network after immunization with complementary epitope 289-308aa of La/SSB autoantigen in non-autoimmune mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 135:416-26. [PMID: 15008973 PMCID: PMC1808979 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02356.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2003] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies against autoimmune diseases have been of limited success. Preventive vaccines could be developed on the basis to abrogate unwanted immune responses to defined autodeterminants. In this study it is shown that immunization of BALB/c mice with two linear T and B cell epitopes of the human La/SSB autoantigen (spanning the regions 289-308aa and 349-364aa) and their complementary forms specified by the complementary mRNA, results in characteristic B and T cell responses. Mice immunized with the 289-308aa epitope or its complementary peptide elicited specific antibodies against both epitopes. In contrast, mice immunized with the 349-364aa epitope or its complementary peptide mounted antibody titres against the immunizing peptide only. According to these data, the 289-308aa epitope and its complementary form were capable to generate an idiotypic-anti-idiotypic response, which were cross-regulated. Peptide-specific T cell proliferation and cytokine production in vitro revealed the induction of a two-stage T helper response (Th1-->Th2 type) after immunization with either the epitope 289-308 or its complementary peptide. IgG1 was the predominant subclass after immunization with the two forms of epitopes 289-308 and 349-364, while a response of the IgG2b > IgG2a was obtained after the immunization with the complementary form of 349-364 epitope reflecting the TH2/TH1 polarization, respectively. Our data suggest that the complementary peptides of two immunodominant epitopes of human LaSSB can mimic the autoantibodies against these epitopes and establish an active idiotypic-anti-idiotypic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Papamattheou
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
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Blank M, Waisman A, Mozes E, Koike T, Shoenfeld Y. Characteristics and pathogenic role of anti-beta2-glycoprotein I single-chain Fv domains: induction of experimental antiphospholipid syndrome. Int Immunol 1999; 11:1917-26. [PMID: 10590257 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/11.12.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by the presence of high titers of anti-beta(2)-glycoprotein I (beta(2)GPI) antibodies, lupus anticoagulant associated with thromboembolic phenomena, thrombocytopenia and recurrent fetal loss. Single-chain Fv (scFv) were prepared from four anti-beta(2)GPI mAb, CAM, CAL, CAR and 2C4C2, and one anti-ssDNA. All five scFv showed the same antigen binding properties as the original mAb. Replacement of the pathogenic CAM V(H) domain with the non-pathogenic CAL V(H) or anti-ssDNA V(H) decreased the binding affinity of the scFv to beta(2)GPI and completely abrogated the anticoagulant activity. Exchanging the CAM V(H) with anti-DNA V(H) resulted in a shift from anti-beta(2)GPI to anti-ssDNA binding of the scFv. Replacement of the CAM V(L) with CAL V(L) did not affect the binding and activity. BALB/c mice were immunized with the anti-beta(2)GPI scFv, and the scFv resulting from the substitution of the heavy (H) and light (L) chains. The mice which were immunized with CAM, 2C4C2 and CAR scFv developed clinical manifestations of experimental anti-phospholipid syndrome. Elevated titers of mouse anti-cardiolipin (aCL), anti-beta(2)GPI, associated with lupus anticoagulant activity, thrombocytopenia, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and a high percentage of fetal resorptions were detected, in the CAM scFv group and in the scFv composed of CAM V(H) groups. High titers of aCL, anti-beta(2)GPI, anti-ss/dsDNA and anti-histone associated with lupus findings were observed in the sera of the 2C4C2 scFv-immunized mice. Immunization with CAL scFv did not lead to any clinical findings. The current study shows that scFv of pathogenic antibodies are capable of inducing the same clinical manifestations as the whole antibody molecule upon active immunization. Replacement of H/L chains point to the importance of the V(H) domains in the pathogenic potential of anti-beta(2)GPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Blank
- Research Unit of Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel
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Waisman A, Mozes E. Variable region sequences of autoantibodies from mice with experimental systemic lupus erythematosus. Eur J Immunol 1993; 23:1566-73. [PMID: 8325334 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830230726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We have sequenced nine monoclonal antibodies (mAb) derived from C3H.SW mice in which experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was induced. The hybridomas were selected for binding to DNA or to HeLa nuclear extract (NE). Three mAb were found to bind DNA, and are shown to exhibit sequence characteristics of pathogenic anti-DNA antibodies. One, mAb 2C4C2, is shown to use a heavy chain V region gene (VH) identical to the VH of anti-DNA mAb isolated from other lupus-prone mice, namely (NZB x NZW)F1. The light chain V region gene (VL) of mAb 2C4C2 is 98% homologous to the VL of another anti-DNA mAb, also isolated from (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. The other two anti-DNA mAb, 5G12-4 and 5G12-6, share 93% of their VH sequences with that of mAb 2C4C2. Six mAb bound proteins of HeLa NE. Four of these six antibodies were found to use the VH124 VH and V-L7 VL. The nine mAb use a total of five VH and four VL germ-line genes, demonstrating that the autoantibodies induced in mice with experimental SLE do not originate from one B cell clone. Three of these nine VH and VL were identical in sequence to germ-line genes, while at least three others had somatic mutations. The latter suggests that the above autoantibodies arise in mice by both usage of existing (pre-immune) B cells, and through an antigen-driven process. Furthermore, it appears that autoantibodies found in mice with experimental SLE use genetic elements similar to those used by mAb that were isolated from mouse strains which develop lupus spontaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Waisman
- Department of Chemical Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot Israel
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Sthoeger ZM, Tartakovsky B, Bentwich Z, Mozes E. Monoclonal anticardiolipin antibodies derived from mice with experimental lupus erythematosus: characterization and the induction of a secondary antiphospholipid syndrome. J Clin Immunol 1993; 13:127-38. [PMID: 7686561 DOI: 10.1007/bf00919269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The primary antiphospholipid syndrome and the antiphospholipid syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients (defined as secondary antiphospholipid syndrome) are characterized by the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies, thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and recurrent fetal loss. To determine the role of anticardiolipin antibodies in the pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome, monoclonal anticardiolipin antibodies were derived from mice in which experimental lupus was induced by a murine monoclonal anti-16/6 Id antibody. Two murine monoclonal anticardiolipin antibodies (2C4C2, 2C4D1) were generated and characterized. The 2C4C2, but not the 2C4D1, monoclonal antibody demonstrated remarkable lupus anticoagulant activity. Furthermore, these murine anticardiolipin monoclonal antibodies appear to recognize antigenic epitopes similar to those recognized by anticardiolipin antibodies found in sera of SLE patients. The monoclonal anticardiolipin antibody 2C4C2 was injected into naive female mice. Following immunization, the mice developed high titers of autoantibodies reacting with cardiolipin, DNA, nuclear extract, 16/6 and anti-16/6 Id, and anticardiolipin antibodies. As early as 8 weeks after immunization these mice exhibited significant leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and proteinuria with immune complex glomerulonephritis. Moreover, mating of 2C4C2-injected mice with allogenic males resulted in low pregnancy rates and a low number of fetuses with a high percentage of fetal loss. These studies provide a new experimental model for secondary antiphospholipid syndrome demonstrating the role of anticardiolipin antibodies in the pathogenesis of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M Sthoeger
- Department of Chemical Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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