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Renita AA, Gajaria TK, Sathish S, Kumar JA, Lakshmi DS, Kujawa J, Kujawski W. Progress and Prospective of the Industrial Development and Applications of Eco-Friendly Colorants: An Insight into Environmental Impact and Sustainability Issues. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071521. [PMID: 37048342 PMCID: PMC10093929 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Color is the prime feature directly associated with the consumer's attraction and choice of their food. The flavor, safety, and nutritional value of any food product are directly associated with the food color. Natural and synthetic colorants (dyes and pigments) have diversified applications in various sectors such as food, feed, pharmaceutical, textiles, cosmetics, and others. Concerning the food industry, different types of natural and synthetic colorants are available in the market. Synthetic food colorants have gained popularity as they are highly stable and cheaply available. Consumers worldwide prefer delightful foodstuffs but are more concerned about the safety of the food. After its disposal, the colloidal particles present in the synthetic colorants do not allow sunlight to penetrate aquatic bodies. This causes a foul smell and turbidity formation and gives a bad appearance. Furthermore, different studies carried out previously have presented the toxicological, carcinogenic effects, hypersensitivity reactions, and behavioral changes linked to the usage of synthetic colorants. Natural food colorings, however, have nutraceutical qualities that are valuable to human health such as curcumin extracted from turmeric and beta-carotene extracted from carrots. In addition, natural colorants have beneficial properties such as excellent antioxidant properties, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, and antiarthritic effects. This review summarizes the sources of natural and synthetic colorants, their production rate, demand, extraction, and characterization of food colorants, their industrial applications, environmental impact, challenges in the sustainable utilization of natural colorants, and their prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Annam Renita
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
| | - Tejal K Gajaria
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Science, Navrachana University, Vadodara 391410, India
| | - S Sathish
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
| | - J Aravind Kumar
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 600119, India
| | | | - Joanna Kujawa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kujawski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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2
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Abril B, Lorenzo J, García-Pérez J, Contreras M, Benedito J. Supercritical co2 deodorization of dried pork liver. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2023.102455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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3
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Kaur S, Ubeyitogullari A. Extraction of phenolic compounds from rice husk via ethanol-water-modified supercritical carbon dioxide. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14196. [PMID: 36938479 PMCID: PMC10018476 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice husk, a rice processing byproduct generated in large quantities (∼20% of the grain weight), creates a major disposal problem for the rice industry. However, rice husk contains high-value bioactive compounds that can provide potential health benefits. The objective of this study was to extract high-value phenolic compounds from rice husk using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) technology. In this study, the effects of different extraction conditions, namely, temperature (40 and 60 °C), pressure (30 and 40 MPa), and ethanol concentration (15 and 25%, w/w) on the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity (AA) were investigated. The extraction of phenolic compounds was also studied using different SC-CO2 modifiers, i.e., ethanol and ethanol-water. The highest TPC, TFC, and AA were achieved with 30 MPa, 60 °C, and 25% ethanol-water (50%, v/v) cosolvent mixture as 1.29 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, 0.40 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g, and 0.23 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g, respectively. Increasing water content up to 50% (v/v) in the cosolvent significantly improved the extraction yield. p-Coumaric, ferulic, and syringic acids were the predominant phenolic acids in the extracts obtained by cosolvent-modified SC-CO2 and methanol extractions. In addition, ethanol-water-modified SC-CO2 increased rice husk's porosity, which could be a potential pretreatment to enhance cellulose extraction. Thus, ethanol-water-modified SC-CO2 can be utilized to recover polar bioactive compounds from food processing byproducts for developing functional foods while eliminating the use of toxic organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanjot Kaur
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, USA
| | - Ali Ubeyitogullari
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, USA
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
- Corresponding author.Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, USA
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4
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Masrura SU, Abbas T, Jones-Lepp TL, Kaewlom P, Khan E. Combining environmental, health, and safety features with a conductor like Screening Model for selecting green solvents for antibiotic analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:114962. [PMID: 36460072 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Extraction and chromatographic techniques for analyzing pharmaceutically active compounds necessitate large quantities of organic solvents, resulting in a high volume of hazardous waste. The concept of green solvents focuses on protecting the environment by reducing or even eliminating the use of toxic solvents. The main objective of this critical review article is to build a framework for choosing green solvents for antibiotic analyses. The article briefly discusses the chemical properties of ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim, and the current state of methodologies for their analyses in water and wastewater. It evaluates the greenness of solvents used for antibiotic analyses and includes insights on the comparison between conventional and green solvents for the analyses. An economic and environmental health and safety analysis combined with a Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvent (COSMO-RS) molecular simulation technique for predicting extraction efficiency was used in the evaluation. Methyl acetate and propylene carbonate tied for the greenest solvents from an environmental and economic perspective, whereas the COSMO-RS approach suggests dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the most suitable candidate. Although DMSO ranked third environmentally and economically, after methyl acetate and propylene carbonate, it would be an ideal replacement of hazardous solvents if it could be manufactured at a lower cost. DMSO showed the highest extraction capacity, as it can interact with antibiotics through hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding. This article can be used as a green solvent selection guide for developing sustainable processes for antibiotic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeda Ummeh Masrura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
| | - Tauqeer Abbas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Tammy L Jones-Lepp
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
| | - Puangrat Kaewlom
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
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5
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Carotenoids Recovery Enhancement by Supercritical CO2 Extraction from Tomato Using Seed Oils as Modifiers. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries have strong demands for lycopene, the carotenoid with the highest antioxidant activity. Usually, this carotenoid is extracted from tomatoes using various extraction methods. This work aims to improve the quantity and quality of extracts from tomato slices by enhancing the recovery of the carotenoids from the solid matrix to the solvent using 20 w/w% seeds as modifiers and supercritical CO2 extraction with optimal parameters as the method. Tomato (TSM), camelina (CSM) and hemp (HSM) seeds were used as modifiers due to their quality (polyunsaturated fatty acids content of 53–72%). A solubility of ~10 mg carotenoids/100 g of oil was obtained for CSM and HSM, while, for TSM, the solubility was 28% higher (due to different compositions of long carbon chains). An increase in the extraction yield from 66.00 to 108.65 g extract/kg dried sample was obtained in the following order: TSM < HSM < CSM. Two products, an oil rich in carotenoids (203.59 mg/100 g extract) and ω3-linolenic acid and a solid oleoresin rich in lycopene (1172.32 mg/100 g extract), were obtained using SFE under optimal conditions (450 bar, 70 °C, 13 kg/h and CSM modifier), as assessed by response surface methodology. A recommendation is proposed for the use of these products in the food industry based on their quality.
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6
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Lycopene extract from tomato concentrate and its co-precipitation with PVP using hybrid supercritical processes. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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7
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Murakami K, Goto M, Honda M. High-temperature Supercritical CO 2 Extraction of Lycopene from Tomato Powder for Enhancing Z-Isomerization and Recovery of Lycopene. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1289-1297. [PMID: 35965086 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of extraction conditions (temperature, pressure, and entrainer content) on the total Z-isomer ratio and recovery of lycopene in the extracts obtained after supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) extraction of lycopene from tomato powder, with a particular focus on high-temperature conditions (≥ 80°C). The results showed that high-temperature SC-CO2 extraction promoted the thermal isomerization of lycopene in a temperature-dependent manner up to 120℃. For example, when lycopene extraction was carried out at 80, 100, 120, and 140°C and a pressure of 30 MPa with an entrainer, ethanol, for 180 min, the total Z-isomer ratios obtained were 25.0, 57.2, 67.2, and 67.0%, respectively. The entrainer content also affected the Z-isomer ratio of lycopene, but the pressure had little effect. Interestingly, when SC-CO2 extraction was performed under high-temperature conditions (≥ 100°C), the extraction efficiency of lycopene was dramatically improved, e.g., when lycopene was extracted at 80, 100, 120, and 140°C under the same other conditions as above, the recovery rates of lycopene were 4.6, 28.5, 79.9, 84.8%, respectively. In general, SC-CO2 extraction of fat-soluble components is performed at temperatures in the range of 40-80°C because the SC-CO2 density decreases with increasing temperature, and thus, their solubility (extraction efficiency) decreases. However, our results showed that the lycopene recovery increased in a temperature-dependent manner, which might be due to the solubility enhancement associated with thermal Z-isomerization of lycopene (i.e., lycopene Z-isomers have greater solubility than the naturally occurring all-E-isomer). The high-temperature SC-CO2 extraction of lycopene from tomato materials not only enhances the Z-isomer ratio of lycopene in the resulting extracts but also improves lycopene recovery. This new finding will greatly contribute to the value addition and cost reduction of natural lycopene sources obtained by SC-CO2 extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Murakami
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University.,School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Motonobu Goto
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University
| | - Masaki Honda
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University
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8
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Agrawal A, Yıldız ÜY, Hussain CG, Kailasa SK, Keçili R, Hussain CM. Greenness of lab-on-a-chip devices for analytical processes: Advances & future prospects. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114914. [PMID: 35843186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip devices have now-a-days become an important aspect of analytical/bioanalytical chemistry having wide range of applications including clinical diagnosis, drug screening, cell biology, environmental monitoring, food safety analysis etc. Conventional lab-on-a-chip devices generally employ chemicals that are not environmentally friendly and were commonly fabricated on hard plastic platform which are non-degradable and hence ignore the importance of green analytical chemistry. In today's scenario, it is highly imperative to protect our environment by using less toxic and environmentally friendly chemicals/solvents and biocompatible platforms. Accordingly, the present article comprehensively reviews on the various green aspects of lab-on-a-chip devices for analytical processes which aim at fabricating environmentally friendly and cost-effective downsized devices so that the risk factor at the user's end upon longer exposure as well as to the environment can be reduced. The decisive factors for the accomplishment of green aspects of lab-on-a-chip devices including sample preparation using lab-on-a-chip systems to minimize the amount of sample/solvents to few microliters only, substitution of harmful solvents with green alternatives, minimal waste generation or proper treatment of waste and biodegradable and biocompatible platforms for fabricating lab-on-a-chip devices have been discussed in details. Additionally, the challenges that may hinder their commercialization are also critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Physics, Shri Neelkantheshwar Government Post-Graduate College, Khandwa 450001, India
| | - Ümit Yılmaz Yıldız
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Yunus Emre Vocational School of Health Services, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | | | - Suresh Kumar Kailasa
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395 007, Gujarat, India
| | - Rüstem Keçili
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Yunus Emre Vocational School of Health Services, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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9
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Tiwari S, Yawale P, Upadhyay N. Carotenoids extraction strategies and potential applications for valorization of under-utilized waste biomass. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Pattiram PD, Abas F, Suleiman N, Mohamad Azman E, Chong GH. Edible oils as a co-extractant for the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of flavonoids from propolis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266673. [PMID: 35413072 PMCID: PMC9004773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a good source for flavonoids, however, their recovery is challenging, as it is a waxy material. This study investigated edible oils virgin coconut oil (VCO), corn oil (CO), and ghee (G) as co-extractants for the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction of flavonoids from the propolis. The extraction of flavonoids using 20% VCO as co-extractant with scCO2 (25 g/min) for 210 min at 150 bar and 50°C was found to be the most appropriate, yielding a total flavonoid content (TFC) of 11.7 mg/g and 25% TFC recovery. At a higher temperature (60°C) and pressure (250 bar and 350 bar), the propolis became softer and compressed causing the extractions to retrograde. The extraction curves correlated to the diffusion model with 1.6% (AARD). The matrix diffusivities increased from 4.7 × 10−11 m2/s (scCO2) to 6.9 × 10−11–21.4 × 10−11 m2/s upon the addition of edible oils. Thus, edible oils could be used with scCO2 to improve the flavonoid extraction from propolis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Devi Pattiram
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhidayah Suleiman
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Supercritical Fluid Center, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ezzat Mohamad Azman
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gun Hean Chong
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Supercritical Fluid Center, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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11
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Recovery of Carotenoids from Tomato Pomace Using a Hydrofluorocarbon Solvent in Sub-Critical Conditions. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12062822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The enrichment of oils with nutraceutical bioactive phytomolecules allows the achievement of functional oil-based products of great interest in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic fields. Carotenoids, such as lycopene and β-carotene, are available at a high concentration in tomatoes and tomato waste products, as peels, seeds, and pulp; their recovery is recently attracting growing interest and economic importance in the food industry, and also in consideration of the huge amount of industrial waste produced. The aim of this work is to study the production of an oil functionalized with carotenoids from tomato peels. The extractions were carried out using an innovative process based on the use of commercial Norflurane as solvent in subcritical conditions. Extraction trials were performed on dried tomato peels, with the addition of tomato seeds or wheat germ flour as sources of oily co-solvents, capable of also preserving the biological characteristics of the carotenoids extracted. Although lycopene solubility in Norflurane is quite low, the solvent recirculation and regeneration were allowed to reach a concentration in the oily extracts of approximately 0.3 mg/goil after 2 h of the process. The enrichment in β-carotene was more pronounced, and concentrations of 0.733 mg/goil and 0.952 mg/goil were observed in wheat germ and tomato seed oils, respectively. The results obtained in this study were compared with those obtained by traditional and supercritical CO2 extraction methods.
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12
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Kariyawasam T, Doran GS, Howitt JA, Prenzler PD. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination in soils and sediments: Sustainable approaches for extraction and remediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132981. [PMID: 34826448 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic environmental pollutants that are extremely hydrophobic in nature and resistant to biological degradation. Extraction of PAHs from environmental matrices is the first and most crucial step in PAH quantification. Extraction followed by quantification is essential to understand the extent of contamination prior to the application of remediation approaches. Due to their non-polar structures, PAHs can be adsorbed tightly to the organic matter in soils and sediments, making them more difficult to be extracted. Extraction of PAHs can be achieved by a variety of methods. Techniques such as supercritical and subcritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted solvent extraction, plant oil-assisted extraction and some microextraction techniques provide faster PAH extraction using less organic solvents, while providing a more environmentally friendly and safer process with minimum matrix interferences. More recently, more environmentally friendly methods for soil and sediment remediation have been explored. This often involves using natural chemicals, such as biosurfactants, to solubilize PAHs in contaminated soils and sediments to allow subsequent microbial degradation. Vermiremediation and microbial enzyme-mediated remediation are emerging approaches, which require further development. The following summarises the existing literature on traditional PAH extraction and bioremediation methods and contrasts them to newer, more environmentally friendly ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiloka Kariyawasam
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia; Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, 2702, Australia
| | - Gregory S Doran
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia.
| | - Julia A Howitt
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia; Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, 2702, Australia
| | - Paul D Prenzler
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
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13
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Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction of dihydrotanshinone, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, and tanshinone IIA from Salvia miltiorrhiza with a peanut oil modifier. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Cassani L, Marcovich NE, Gomez-Zavaglia A. Valorization of fruit and vegetables agro-wastes for the sustainable production of carotenoid-based colorants with enhanced bioavailability. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110924. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
Tomato processing leads to the production of considerable amounts of residues, mainly in the form of tomato skins, seeds and vascular tissues, which still contain bioactive molecules of interest for food, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. These include carotenoids, such as lycopene and β-carotene, tocopherols and sitosterols, among others. Supercritical fluid extraction is well positioned for the valorization of tomato residues prior to disposal, because it remains an environmentally safe extraction process, especially when using carbon dioxide as the solvent. In this article, we provide an extensive literature overview of the research on the supercritical fluid extraction of tomato residues. We start by identifying the most relevant extractables present in tomatoes (e.g., lycopene) and their main bioactivities. Then, the main aspects affecting the extraction performance are covered, starting with the differences between tomato matrixes (e.g., seeds, skins and pulp) and possible pretreatments to enhance extraction (e.g., milling, drying and enzymatic digestion). Finally, the effects of extraction conditions, such as pressure, temperature, cosolvent, flow rate and time, are discussed.
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Aweidah N, Naseef H, Muqdi R, Farraj MA. Ultrasonic-Assisted Thymol and Carvacrol Extraction from Za’atar Leaves Using Cold-Pressed Sesame Oil. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3761865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymol and carvacrol found in Origanum syriacum “Za’atar” plant leaves have triggered interest among researchers for their natural antimicrobial and antifungal properties. However, their applications in modern pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries as natural preservatives remain challenging. In this research, extraction of thymol and carvacrol from Za’atar leaves has been investigated using the ultrasonic-assisted method and the use of sesame oil as the primary extraction solvent compared with other vegetable oils including sunflower and olive oils. In addition, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analytical method was developed by using a C8 column and 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid as a buffering agent. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, repeatability, accuracy, and robustness for the analysis of the content of the two terpenes thymol and carvacrol in different Za’atar extracts. Using the validated analytical method, thymol and carvacrol content results revealed the best vegetable oil for extraction. Results showed that sesame oil had the highest content of thymol and carvacrol, followed by sunflower oil, and the least amount obtained by using olive oil. A consistent extraction result opens an opportunity for application in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. For this reason, the essential extraction key parameters that influence the final content of thymol and carvacrol were evaluated. The highest impact originated from the quality and volume of sesame oil. Cold-pressed sesame oil resulted in a 23% higher content of thymol and decreased amount of carvacrol. It was found that wetting the Za’atar leaves powder with sesame oil was enough for extraction; any additional sesame oil volume dilutes the extracted sample. The second impact was the Za’atar cultivation conditions; less than 10% difference of thymol and carvacrol content was observed within Za’atar of Hebron origin. Finally, the origin of sesame seeds used for sesame oil production had the least impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noyal Aweidah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, P.O Box 14,Birzeit, West Bank, State of Palestine
| | - Hani Naseef
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, P.O Box 14,Birzeit, West Bank, State of Palestine
| | - Ramzi Muqdi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, P.O Box 14,Birzeit, West Bank, State of Palestine
| | - Mohammad A. Farraj
- Faculty of Pharmacy Nursing and Health Professions, Master Program in Clinical Laboratory Science, P.O Box 14,Birzeit, West Bank, State of Palestine
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17
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Ultrasonic-Assisted Thymol and Carvacrol Extraction from Za’atar Leaves Using Cold-Pressed Sesame Oil. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/3761865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymol and carvacrol found in Origanum syriacum “Za’atar” plant leaves have triggered interest among researchers for their natural antimicrobial and antifungal properties. However, their applications in modern pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries as natural preservatives remain challenging. In this research, extraction of thymol and carvacrol from Za’atar leaves has been investigated using the ultrasonic-assisted method and the use of sesame oil as the primary extraction solvent compared with other vegetable oils including sunflower and olive oils. In addition, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analytical method was developed by using a C8 column and 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid as a buffering agent. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, repeatability, accuracy, and robustness for the analysis of the content of the two terpenes thymol and carvacrol in different Za’atar extracts. Using the validated analytical method, thymol and carvacrol content results revealed the best vegetable oil for extraction. Results showed that sesame oil had the highest content of thymol and carvacrol, followed by sunflower oil, and the least amount obtained by using olive oil. A consistent extraction result opens an opportunity for application in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. For this reason, the essential extraction key parameters that influence the final content of thymol and carvacrol were evaluated. The highest impact originated from the quality and volume of sesame oil. Cold-pressed sesame oil resulted in a 23% higher content of thymol and decreased amount of carvacrol. It was found that wetting the Za’atar leaves powder with sesame oil was enough for extraction; any additional sesame oil volume dilutes the extracted sample. The second impact was the Za’atar cultivation conditions; less than 10% difference of thymol and carvacrol content was observed within Za’atar of Hebron origin. Finally, the origin of sesame seeds used for sesame oil production had the least impact.
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Agrawal A, Keçili R, Ghorbani-Bidkorbeh F, Hussain CM. Green miniaturized technologies in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Role of virgin coconut oil (VCO) as co-extractant for obtaining xanthones from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) pericarp with supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Sharma M, Bhat R. Extraction of Carotenoids from Pumpkin Peel and Pulp: Comparison between Innovative Green Extraction Technologies (Ultrasonic and Microwave-Assisted Extractions Using Corn Oil). Foods 2021; 10:foods10040787. [PMID: 33917570 PMCID: PMC8067522 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural pigments improve aesthetic value as well as antioxidant potential of a food product. This study was designed to determine the effects of green extraction techniques on carotenoids, polyphenols and antioxidant activities of pulp and peel of two varieties of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima). Innovative green extractions (IGE; Ultrasound and Microwave-Assisted Extractions) synergised with corn oil (used as green solvent) were compared with conventional extraction (CE; hexane/isopropyl alcohol; 60:40, v/v). Results showed total carotenoids to be almost double on employing IGE (PM2-UAE-peel = 38.03 ± 4.21; PM4-UAE-peel = 33.78 ± 1.76 µg/g) when compared to conventional extraction (PM2-CE-peel = 19.21 ± 4.39; PM4-CE-peel = 16.21 ± 2.52 µg/g). Polyphenolic contents ranged between 510.69 ± 5.50 and 588.68 ± 7.26 mg GAE/100 g of extract in IGE, compared with conventional extracts (269.50 ± 2.17 to 318.46 ± 6.60 mg GAE/100 g) and percent inhibition of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) ranging between 88.32 ± 1.51 and 93.53 ± 0.30% in IGE when compared with conventional extraction (50.61 ± 1.44 to 57.79 ± 2.09%). Further, oxidative stability of carotenoids extracts from IGE (protection factor = 1.59 ± 0.01 to 1.81 ± 0.05) were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) than conventional extracts. Based on results, this study supports the use of innovative green extraction techniques to obtain bioactive pigments like carotenoids. It is anticipated that results generated will find potential applications in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
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Gulzar A, Gulzar A, Ansari MB, He F, Gai S, Yang P. Carbon dioxide utilization: A paradigm shift with CO2 economy. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2020.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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22
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Nagavekar N, Singhal RS. Simultaneous extraction of flaxseed spice blend using supercritical carbon dioxide: Process optimization, bioactivity profile, and application as a functional seasoning. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Tan S, Ke Z, Chai D, Miao Y, Luo K, Li W. Lycopene, polyphenols and antioxidant activities of three characteristic tomato cultivars subjected to two drying methods. Food Chem 2020; 338:128062. [PMID: 32950009 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of freeze drying and oven drying on appearance, chemical components and antioxidant activities of three cultivars of tomatoes. This study showed cultivar 18,131 would provide the highest phenolic contents and ABTS radical scavenging activity, and cultivar 1862 provide the highest lycopene content after oven drying. On the basis of appearance and contents of polyphenols, freeze drying showed better results. However, oven drying was found superior in decreasing degradation of lycopene. The effects of drying on the polyphenol contents varied depending on the cultivars. In addition, there is no significant difference of antioxidant activities between freeze dried and oven dried tomatoes. These results also demonstrated that freeze drying is superior in maintaining physical structure and phenolic contents of tomato slices. However, oven drying is a viable option for drying tomatoes considering both costing and contents of lycopene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Tan
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, 408100 Chongqing, China.
| | - Zunli Ke
- Morphological Laboratory, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 550025 Guizhou, China
| | - Dan Chai
- Horticultural Research Institute of Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Yiwen Miao
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, 408100 Chongqing, China
| | - Kui Luo
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, 408100 Chongqing, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, 408100 Chongqing, China
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Supercritical CO2 extraction of tomato pomace: Evaluation of the solubility of lycopene in tomato oil as limiting factor of the process performance. Food Chem 2020; 315:126224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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25
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Domínguez R, Gullón P, Pateiro M, Munekata PES, Zhang W, Lorenzo JM. Tomato as Potential Source of Natural Additives for Meat Industry. A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010073. [PMID: 31952111 PMCID: PMC7022261 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato industry produces huge amounts of by-products that represent an environmental and economic problem. However, these by-products contain multiple bioactive compounds, which would make them a renewable source for obtaining natural antioxidants and colourants (carotenoids). This is in line with the preferences of the current consumer who demands more natural and healthy products. However, the lipophilic character of carotenoids means that their extraction must be carried out using toxic organic solvents. To overcome environmental and health problems of organic solvents, the application of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for the extraction of lipophilic compounds such as lycopene was used successfully, achieving yields similar to those obtained with conventional techniques. Nonetheless, the extraction conditions must be carefully selected, to obtain high yields and at the same time maintain a high antioxidant capacity. On the other hand, the use of tomato and tomato extracts as natural additives in meat products are reduced in comparison with other natural antioxidant/colourant extracts. However, different researches conclude that the use of tomato improved nutritional quality, reduced lipid oxidation and increased stability during the shelf-life period of meat products, while retaining or increasing sensory properties and overall acceptability, which converts tomato by-products into a promising source of natural additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Domínguez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia No 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (R.D.); (P.G.); (M.P.); (P.E.S.M.)
| | - Patricia Gullón
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia No 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (R.D.); (P.G.); (M.P.); (P.E.S.M.)
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia No 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (R.D.); (P.G.); (M.P.); (P.E.S.M.)
| | - Paulo E. S. Munekata
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia No 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (R.D.); (P.G.); (M.P.); (P.E.S.M.)
| | - Wangang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - José Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia No 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (R.D.); (P.G.); (M.P.); (P.E.S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-988-548-277; Fax: +34-988-548-276
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Optimization of supercritical CO2 extraction process for oleoresin from rotten onion waste. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Tirado DF, Fuente EDL, Calvo L. A selective extraction of hydroxytyrosol rich olive oil from alperujo. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of α-mangostin from mangosteen pericarp with virgin coconut oil as co-extractant and in-vitro bio-accessibility measurement. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Rahimi S, Mikani M. Lycopene green ultrasound-assisted extraction using edible oil accompany with response surface methodology (RSM) optimization performance: Application in tomato processing wastes. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Hatami T, Meireles MAA, Ciftci ON. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of lycopene from tomato processing by-products: Mathematical modeling and optimization. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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31
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Molino A, Mehariya S, Iovine A, Larocca V, Di Sanzo G, Martino M, Casella P, Chianese S, Musmarra D. Extraction of Astaxanthin and Lutein from Microalga Haematococcus pluvialis in the Red Phase Using CO₂ Supercritical Fluid Extraction Technology with Ethanol as Co-Solvent. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E432. [PMID: 30400304 PMCID: PMC6266296 DOI: 10.3390/md16110432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin and lutein, antioxidants used in nutraceutics and cosmetics, can be extracted from several microalgal species. In this work, investigations on astaxanthin and lutein extraction from Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis) in the red phase were carried out by means of the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique, in which CO₂ supercritical fluid was used as the extracting solvent with ethanol as the co-solvent. The experimental activity was performed using a bench-scale reactor in semi-batch configuration with varying extraction times (20, 40, 60, and 80 min), temperatures (50, 65, and 80 °C) and pressures (100, 400, and 550 bar). Moreover, the performance of CO₂ SFE with ethanol was compared to that without ethanol. The results show that the highest astaxanthin and lutein recoveries were found at 65 °C and 550 bar, with ~18.5 mg/g dry weight (~92%) astaxanthin and ~7.15 mg/g dry weight (~93%) lutein. The highest astaxanthin purity and the highest lutein purity were found at 80 °C and 400 bar, and at 65 °C and 550 bar, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Molino
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development. Department of Sustainability-CR Portici. P. Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
| | - Sanjeet Mehariya
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development. Department of Sustainability-CR Portici. P. Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy.
| | - Angela Iovine
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development. Department of Sustainability-CR Portici. P. Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Larocca
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development. Department of Sustainability-CR Trisaia. SS Jonica 106, km 419+500, 7026 Rotondella (MT), Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Di Sanzo
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development. Department of Sustainability-CR Trisaia. SS Jonica 106, km 419+500, 7026 Rotondella (MT), Italy.
| | - Maria Martino
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development. Department of Sustainability-CR Trisaia. SS Jonica 106, km 419+500, 7026 Rotondella (MT), Italy.
| | - Patrizia Casella
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development. Department of Sustainability-CR Portici. P. Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
| | - Simeone Chianese
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy.
| | - Dino Musmarra
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy.
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Molino A, Rimauro J, Casella P, Cerbone A, Larocca V, Chianese S, Karatza D, Mehariya S, Ferraro A, Hristoforou E, Musmarra D. Extraction of astaxanthin from microalga Haematococcus pluvialis in red phase by using generally recognized as safe solvents and accelerated extraction. J Biotechnol 2018; 283:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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33
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Sanzo GD, Mehariya S, Martino M, Larocca V, Casella P, Chianese S, Musmarra D, Balducchi R, Molino A. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Astaxanthin, Lutein, and Fatty Acids from Haematococcus pluvialis Microalgae. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E334. [PMID: 30217068 PMCID: PMC6163853 DOI: 10.3390/md16090334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae in the red phase can produce significant amounts of astaxanthin, lutein, and fatty acids (FAs), which are valuable antioxidants in nutraceutics and cosmetics. Extraction of astaxanthin, lutein, and FAs from disrupted biomass of the H. pluvialis red phase using carbon dioxide (CO₂) in supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) conditions was investigated using a bench-scale reactor in a semi-batch configuration. In particular, the effect of extraction time (20, 40, 60, 80, and 120 min), CO₂ flow rate (3.62 and 14.48 g/min) temperature (50, 65, and 80 °C), and pressure (100, 400, and 550 bar.) was explored. The results show the maximum recovery of astaxanthin and lutein achieved were 98.6% and 52.3%, respectively, at 50 °C and 550 bars, while the maximum recovery of FAs attained was 93.2% at 65 °C and 550 bars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Sanzo
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability, CR Trisaia SS Jonica 106, km 419+500, 75026 Rotondella, Italy.
| | - Sanjeet Mehariya
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability, CR Portici. P. Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, Italy.
- Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy.
| | - Maria Martino
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability, CR Trisaia SS Jonica 106, km 419+500, 75026 Rotondella, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Larocca
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability, CR Trisaia SS Jonica 106, km 419+500, 75026 Rotondella, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Casella
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability, CR Portici. P. Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Simeone Chianese
- Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy.
| | - Dino Musmarra
- Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy.
| | - Roberto Balducchi
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability, CR Trisaia SS Jonica 106, km 419+500, 75026 Rotondella, Italy.
| | - Antonio Molino
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability, CR Portici. P. Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, Italy.
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Vallecilla-Yepez L, Ciftci ON. Increasing cis-lycopene content of the oleoresin from tomato processing byproducts using supercritical carbon dioxide. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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35
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Vo DT, Saravana PS, Woo HC, Chun BS. Fucoxanthin-rich oil encapsulation using biodegradable polyethylene glycol and particles from gas-saturated solutions technique. J CO2 UTIL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Concurrent extraction of oil from roasted coffee (Coffea arabica) and fucoxanthin from brown seaweed (Saccharina japonica) using supercritical carbon dioxide. J CO2 UTIL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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WATANABE Y, HONDA M, HIGASHIURA T, FUKAYA T, MACHMUDAH S, WAHYUDIONO, KANDA H, GOTO M. Rapid and Selective Concentration of Lycopene Z-isomers from Tomato Pulp by Supercritical CO 2 with Co-solvents. SOLVENT EXTRACTION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT-JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.15261/serdj.25.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yo WATANABE
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University
| | - Masaki HONDA
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
| | | | | | - Siti MACHMUDAH
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology
| | - WAHYUDIONO
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University
| | - Hideki KANDA
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University
| | - Motonobu GOTO
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University
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Bruno A, Durante M, Marrese PP, Migoni D, Laus MN, Pace E, Pastore D, Mita G, Piro G, Lenucci MS. Shades of red: Comparative study on supercritical CO 2 extraction of lycopene-rich oleoresins from gac, tomato and watermelon fruits and effect of the α-cyclodextrin clathrated extracts on cultured lung adenocarcinoma cells’ viability. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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39
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Honda M, Watanabe Y, Murakami K, Takemura R, Fukaya T, Wahyudiono, Kanda H, Goto M. Thermal isomerization pre-treatment to improve lycopene extraction from tomato pulp. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Wu JJ, Shen LY, Yin MC, Cheng YS. Supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent micronization of lycopene extracted and chromatographic purified from Momordica charantia L. aril. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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41
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Yara-Varón E, Li Y, Balcells M, Canela-Garayoa R, Fabiano-Tixier AS, Chemat F. Vegetable Oils as Alternative Solvents for Green Oleo-Extraction, Purification and Formulation of Food and Natural Products. Molecules 2017; 22:E1474. [PMID: 28872605 PMCID: PMC6151617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Since solvents of petroleum origin are now strictly regulated worldwide, there is a growing demand for using greener, bio-based and renewable solvents for extraction, purification and formulation of natural and food products. The ideal alternative solvents are non-volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that have high dissolving power and flash point, together with low toxicity and less environmental impact. They should be obtained from renewable resources at a reasonable price and be easy to recycle. Based on the principles of Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, vegetable oils could become an ideal alternative solvent to extract compounds for purification, enrichment, or even pollution remediation. This review presents an overview of vegetable oils as solvents enriched with various bioactive compounds from natural resources, as well as the relationship between dissolving power of non-polar and polar bioactive components with the function of fatty acids and/or lipid classes in vegetable oils, and other minor components. A focus on simulation of solvent-solute interactions and a discussion of polar paradox theory propose a mechanism explaining the phenomena of dissolving polar and non-polar bioactive components in vegetable oils as green solvents with variable polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edinson Yara-Varón
- Laboratoire GREEN, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, INRA, UMR408, GREEN Extraction Team, F-84000 Avignon, France.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Mercè Balcells
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Ramon Canela-Garayoa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Anne-Sylvie Fabiano-Tixier
- Laboratoire GREEN, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, INRA, UMR408, GREEN Extraction Team, F-84000 Avignon, France.
| | - Farid Chemat
- Laboratoire GREEN, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, INRA, UMR408, GREEN Extraction Team, F-84000 Avignon, France.
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Soltani S, Mazloumi SH. A new empirical model to correlate solute solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide in presence of co-solvent. Chem Eng Res Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kehili M, Kammlott M, Choura S, Zammel A, Zetzl C, Smirnova I, Allouche N, Sayadi S. Supercritical CO 2 extraction and antioxidant activity of lycopene and β-carotene-enriched oleoresin from tomato ( Lycopersicum esculentum L.) peels by-product of a Tunisian industry. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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44
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Influence of co-solvents on fucoxanthin and phlorotannin recovery from brown seaweed using supercritical CO 2. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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45
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Lycopene-rich avocado oil obtained by simultaneous supercritical extraction from avocado pulp and tomato pomace. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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46
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He B, Wang Y, Dou X, Chen YF. Supercritical CO2 extraction of docosahexaenoic acid from Schizochytrium limacinum using vegetable oils as entrainer. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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47
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Goula AM, Ververi M, Adamopoulou A, Kaderides K. Green ultrasound-assisted extraction of carotenoids from pomegranate wastes using vegetable oils. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 34:821-830. [PMID: 27773309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to develop a new process for pomegranate peels application in food industries based on ultrasound-assisted extraction of carotenoids using different vegetable oils as solvents. In this way, an oil enriched with antioxidants is produced. Sunflower oil and soy oil were used as alternative solvents and the effects of various parameters on extraction yield were studied. Extraction temperature, solid/oil ratio, amplitude level, and extraction time were the factors investigated with respect to extraction yield. Comparative studies between ultrasound-assisted and conventional solvent extraction were carried out in terms of processing procedure and total carotenoids content. The efficient extraction period for achieving maximum yield of pomegranate peel carotenoids was about 30min. The optimum operating conditions were found to be: extraction temperature, 51.5°C; peels/solvent ratio, 0.10; amplitude level, 58.8%; solvent, sunflower oil. A second-order kinetic model was successfully developed for describing the mechanism of ultrasound extraction under different processing parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia M Goula
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Maria Ververi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Adamopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Kaderides
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Pasqualone A, Gambacorta G, Summo C, Caponio F, Di Miceli G, Flagella Z, Marrese PP, Piro G, Perrotta C, De Bellis L, Lenucci MS. Functional, textural and sensory properties of dry pasta supplemented with lyophilized tomato matrix or with durum wheat bran extracts produced by supercritical carbon dioxide or ultrasound. Food Chem 2016; 213:545-553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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49
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Cyclase inhibitor tripropylamine significantly enhanced lycopene accumulation in Blakeslea trispora. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:570-576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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In vivo Time-Dependent Radio-Protective Effect of Lycopene Against Whole-Body Gamma Radiation in Mice. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.19624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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