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Jian X, Chen J, Ding S, Garofalo A, Gong X, Holland C, Huang J, Chan VS, Qin X, Yu G, Ma RR, Du X, Hong R, Staebler G, Wang H, Yan Z, Bass E, Brower D, Ding W, Orlov D. Experimental Validation of a Kinetic Ballooning Mode in High-Performance High-Bootstrap Current Fraction Fusion Plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:145101. [PMID: 37862644 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.145101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of a set of coherent high frequency electromagnetic fluctuations that leads to a turbulence induced self-regulating phenomenon in the DIII-D high bootstrap current fraction plasma. The fluctuations have frequency of 130-220 kHz, the poloidal wavelength and phase velocity are 16-30 m^{-1} and ∼30 km/s, respectively, in the outboard midplane with the estimated toroidal mode number n∼5-9. The fluctuations are located in the internal transport barrier (ITB) region at large radius and are experimentally validated to be kinetic ballooning modes (KBM). Quasilinear estimation predicts the KBM to be able to drive experimental particle flux and non-negligible thermal flux, suggesting its significant role in regulating the ITB saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Jian
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
| | - J Chen
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Ding
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - A Garofalo
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - X Gong
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - C Holland
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
| | - J Huang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - V S Chan
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - X Qin
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - G Yu
- University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - R R Ma
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432 Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X Du
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - R Hong
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - G Staebler
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - H Wang
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - Z Yan
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Bass
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
| | - D Brower
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W Ding
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - D Orlov
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
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Nie B, Ni M, Liu J, Zhu Z, Zhu Z, Li F. Insights into potential consequences of fusion hypothetical accident, lessons learnt from the former fission accidents. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:921-931. [PMID: 30513506 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
From previous catastrophic fission nuclear accidents, such as the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents, researchers learnt the lessons that external hazard beyond design basis or human errors could result in severe accidents and multi-failure of the confinements although they were considered as very-low-probability events and not requested to be paid much attention to according to the current nuclear safety regulations. Fusion energy is always regarded as a safe and clean energy. However, massive quantity of radioactivity still exists in the fusion reactor and is possible to be released into the environment. The environmental pollution and potential public consequences due to severe accidents of fusion reactor remain largely unexplored. In this contribution, we intended to investigate the hypothetical accident to envelop the worst but probable consequences of fusion reactor, and compare with historic Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents under assumed environmental conditions. It was demonstrated that, the radiation consequences of a hypothetical fusion accident would be much less severe than fission accidents, e.g. an INES 7 accident could not appear in a fusion reactor, as in the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents. However, it would still be disastrous and the publics close to site might be exposed to "potentially lethal" radiation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojie Nie
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519082, China
| | - Muyi Ni
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519082, China; Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China.
| | - Jinchao Liu
- Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute, China General Nuclear Power Group, Shenzhen, 518031, China
| | - Zhilin Zhu
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon sur Verdon, F-13115, St Paul lez, Durance, France
| | - Zuolong Zhu
- Nuclear Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Fengchen Li
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519082, China.
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Tobita K, Nishio S, Enoeda M, Sato M, Isono T, Sakurai S, Nakamura H, Sato S, Suzuki S, Ando M, Ezato K, Hayashi T, Hayashi T, Hirose T, Inoue T, Kawamura Y, Koizumi N, Kudo Y, Kurihara R, Kuroda T, Matsukawa M, Mouri K, Nakamura Y, Nishi M, Nomoto Y, Ohmori J, Oyama N, Sakamoto K, Suzuki T, Takechi M, Tanigawa H, Tsuchiya K, Tsuru D. Design study of fusion DEMO plant at JAERI. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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