Catalytic epoxidation of unsaturated alcohols on Ti-MCM-41

Enhanced anisole hydroxylation over a hierarchical micro/mesoporous TS-1 catalyst

Micro/mesoporous DTS-1 showed enhanced catalytic activity for anisole hydroxylation showing 54% conversion with 55% selectivity towards p-methoxyphenol.

Influence of the Titanium Content in the Ti-MCM-41 Catalyst on the Course of the α-Pinene Isomerization Process

Titanium-containing mesoporous silica catalysts with different Ti contents were prepared by the sol–gel method, whereby the molar ratios of silicon to titanium in the crystallization gel amounted to, respectively, 40:1, 30:1, 20:1 and 10:1. The produced Ti-MCM-41 materials were characterized by the following instrumental methods: XRD, UV-Vis, FT-IR, SEM, and XRF. Textural parameters were also determined for these materials by means of the N2 adsorption/desorption method. The activities of these catalysts were investigated in the α-pinene isomerization process. The most active catalyst was found to be the material with the molar ratio of Si:Ti equal to 10:1, which contained 12.09 wt% Ti. This catalyst was used in the extended studies on the α-pinene isomerization process, and the most favorable conditions for this reaction were found to be temperature of 160 °C, reaction time of 7 h, with the catalyst composition of 7.5 wt% relative to α-pinene. These studies showed that the most active catalyst, at the best reaction conditions, allowed for the attainment of 100% conversion of α-pinene over a period of 7 h. After this time the selectivities (in mol%) of the main products were as follows: camphene (35.45) and limonene (21.32). Moreover, other products with lower selectivities were formed: γ-terpinene (4.38), α-terpinene (8.12), terpinolene (11.16), p-cymene (6.61), and α-phellandrene (1.58).

Surface organometallic chemistry in heterogeneous catalysis

Surface organometallic chemistry has been reviewed with a special focus on environmentally relevant transformations (C–H activation, CO₂conversion, oxidation).

Titanium aminophosphates: synthesis, characterization and crystal violet dye degradation studies

Titanium aminophosphates are prepared using titanium tetraisopropoxide, orthophosphoric acid and aliphatic amines. Their detailed characterization and catalytic crystal violet dye degradation were studied.

Titanium aminophosphates: synthesis, characterization and orange G dye degradation studies

A group of titanium aminophosphate catalysts are synthesized and characterized in detail, and their catalytic application towards orange G dye degradation is studied.

Porous palladium aminophosphates: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity studies

Novel palladium aminophosphates have been synthesized at room temperature in solvent free condition. They are characterized in detail. Their antimicrobial and cytotoxicity studies were carried out.

Titanium aminophosphates: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity studies

Titanium aminophosphates were synthesized, characterized in detail and their antimicrobial and cytotoxicity properties were studied.

The epoxidation of limonene over the TS-1 and Ti-SBA-15 catalysts

Limonene belongs to a group of very important intermediates used in the production of fine chemicals. This monoterpene compound can be obtained from peels of oranges or lemon which are a (biomass) waste from the orange juice industry. Thus, limonene is a renewable, easy available and a relatively cheap compound. This work presents preliminary studies on the process of limonene epoxidation over zeolite type catalysts such as: TS-1 and Ti-SBA-15. In these studies methanol was used as a solvent and as an oxidizing agent a 60 wt % hydrogen peroxide solution was applied. The activity of each catalyst was investigated for four chosen temperatures (0 °C, 40 °C, 80 °C and 120 °C). The reaction time was changed from 0.5 to 24 h. For each catalyst the most beneficial conditions (the appropriate temperature and the reaction time) have been established. The obtained results were compared and the most active catalyst was chosen. These studies have also shown different possible ways of limonene transformation, not only in the direction of 1,2-epoxylimonene and its corresponding diol, but also in direction of carveol, carvone and perillyl alcohol-compounds with a lot of applications. The possible mechanisms of formation of the allylic oxidation products were proposed.

The Synthesis and Characterization of Ti-MCM-41 by Microwave Radiation

Mesoporous molecular sieve Ti-MCM-41 was synthesized by means of microwave radiation in domestic microwave oven using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide as template and ethyl orthosilicate, tetrabutyl titanate as raw materials, respectively. The sample is indeed Ti-MCM-41 after characterization by XRD, SEM, FT-IR and BET surface area. Compared with the reported synthesis methods, remarkable predominance of this method is that operation is simpler, crystallization time is shorter (only 40 min) and energy consumption is lower.

Rational design of single-site heterogeneous catalysts: towards high chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity

The main methods for the design and preparation of single-site heterogeneous catalysts on inorganic oxide supports are described and reviewed. Catalytically active metal sites can be either introduced into the framework of porous materials via direct synthesis or added to a pre-existing support by post-synthesis techniques. Particular attention is paid to selected examples where the geometry, the nature and the chemical surroundings of the active single site is a key factor to obtain catalytic systems with enhanced chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity. The ever-increasing capabilities of ‘nanoarchitecture’ at molecular level enable chemists to build ideal catalysts for the sustainable transformation of bulky and high added-value molecules.

Synthesis, Structure, and Acidic Properties of MCM-41 Functionalized with Phosphate and Titanium Phosphate Groups

Mesoporous molecular sieves Si-MCM-41 (purely siliceous) and Ti-MCM-41 (partly covered with a surface layer of TiO2) were functionalized with phosphate groups by treatment with POCl3 (denoted -MCM-41(P)and Ti-MCM-41(P), respectively). With the use of TEM, X-ray diffraction, and N2 adsorption, it was shown that the initial hexagonal structure, the high specific surface area, and porosity are retained in the functionalized materials but are not as good as in the starting materials. 1H MAS NMR and 31P MAS NMR revealed that the surface of Si-MCM-41(P) consists of silicon phosphate and pyrophosphate species. That of Ti-MCM-41(P) additionally contains titanium dihydro-, hydro-, and pyrophosphate species, the latter being predominant. TPD of adsorbed ammonia for Si-MCM-41(P) and Ti-MCM-41(P) showed that functionalization leads to the creation of moderate and strong acid sites. A combination of mesoporous structure with acidic properties makes the MCM-41 functionalized with phosphate groups promising for use as solid acid catalysts.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nano titania Particles Embedded in Mesoporous Silica with Both High Photocatalytic Activity and Adsorption Capability

TiO(2)-xSiO(2) composites with a high specific surface area (up to 645 m(2)/g), large pore volume, and narrow distribution with average pore sizes ranging from 15 to 20 A have been synthesized by the sol-gel method. The results of characterization by XRD, BET, TEM, FTIR, and DRUV reveal that these TiO(2)-xSiO(2) composites exhibit a core/shell structure of a nano titania/Ti-O-Si species modified titania embedded in mesoporous silica. As compared to pure anatase, the embedding of nano titania particles into the mesoporous silica matrix results in a substantial blue shift of absorption edge from 3.2 to 3.54 eV and higher UV absorption intensity, which are attributed to the formation of the Ti-O-Si species modified titania in the interface between titania and silica. The as-synthesized TiO(2)-xSiO(2) composites exhibit both much higher absorption capability of organic pollutants and better photocatalytic activity for the photooxidation of benzene than pure titania. The better photocatalytic activity of as-synthesized TiO(2)-xSiO(2) composites than pure titania is attributed to their high surface area, higher UV absorption intensity, and easy diffusion of absorbed pollutants on the absorption sites to photogenerated oxidizing radicals on the photoactive sites.