1
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Ingle AA, Shende DZ, Wasewar KL, Pandit AB. Performance of Pd catalyst supported on trimetallic nanohybrid Zr–Al–La in hydrogenation of ethylanthraquinone. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2021-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In light of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for hydrogen peroxide has increased significantly due to its widespread use in disinfectant formulations. The present study aims to develop an efficient nanohybrid material as catalyst support for the successful hydrogenation of ethylanthraquinone for the production of hydrogen peroxide. Co-precipitation and wet impregnation methods were used to prepare nanohybrid Zr–Al–La supported Pd catalyst (Pd/Zr–Al–La). The high surface area (146.56 m2/g) of Zr–Al–La makes it suitable to use as support and causes to lower the mass transfer resistance and dispersion of active metal. XRF, BET, FTIR, and TGA were used to characterize the developed catalyst. The catalytic activity of the developed catalyst was studied using a high-pressure autoclave reactor to obtain a notable yield of H2O2 as 93.8% at 75 °C, 0.3 MPa, and 0.5 g of catalyst dose, a significant enhancement over the traditional Pd catalyst with Al2O3 support (63%) with the loss of active quinone compound. The mass transfer limitation of the reaction is high using only a Pd catalyst. The calculated mass transfer resistance of the reaction over Pd/Zr–Al–La catalyst was found to be moderate with a diffusion coefficient of the reactant (H2) as 0.0133 × 10−6 m2/s at 75 °C. It was also verified and confirmed with the Thiele modulus (calculated as 0.0314), no mass transfer resistance. The effectiveness factor (η
s
) was found to be 1.0, indicating the negligible mass transfer resistance in the hydrogenation reaction using Pd/Zr–Al–La catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali A. Ingle
- Advanced Separation and Analytical Laboratory (ASAL), Department of Chemical Engineering , Visvesvaraya National Instutute of Technology , Nagpur - 440010 , Maharashtra , India
| | - Diwakar Z. Shende
- Advanced Separation and Analytical Laboratory (ASAL), Department of Chemical Engineering , Visvesvaraya National Instutute of Technology , Nagpur - 440010 , Maharashtra , India
| | - Kailas L. Wasewar
- Advanced Separation and Analytical Laboratory (ASAL), Department of Chemical Engineering , Visvesvaraya National Instutute of Technology , Nagpur - 440010 , Maharashtra , India
| | - Aniruddha B. Pandit
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Institute of Chemical Technology , Mumbai - 400019 , India
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2
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Zak N, Marks R, Perez-Calleja P, Nerenberg R, Doudrick K. A computational model for the catalytic hydrogel membrane reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116199. [PMID: 32726717 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic hydrogel membrane reactor (CHMR) is a promising new technology for hydrogenation of aqueous contaminants in drinking water. It offers numerous benefits over conventional three-phase reactors, including immobilization of nano-catalysts, high reactivity, and control over the hydrogen (H2) supply concentration. In this study, a computational model of the CHMR was developed using AQUASIM and calibrated with 32 experimental datasets for a nitrite (NO2-)-reducing CHMR using palladium (Pd) nano-catalysts (~4.6 nm). The model was then used to identify key factors impacting the behavior of the CHMR, including hydrogel catalyst density, H2 supply pressure, influent and bulk NO2- concentrations, and hydrogel thickness. Based on the model calibration, the reaction rate constants for the NO2- steady-state adsorption Hinshelwood reaction equation, k1 and k2, were 0.0039 m3 mole-Pd-1 s-1 and 0.027 (mole-H2 m3)1/2 mole-Pd-1 s-1, respectively. The reactant flux, which is the overall NO2- removal rate for the CHMR, is affected by the NO2- reduction rate at each catalyst site, which is in turn controlled by the available NO2- and H2 concentrations that are regulated by their mass transport behavior. Reactant transport in the CHMR is counter-diffusional. So for thick hydrogels, the concurrent concentrations of NO2- and H2 are limiting in the middle region along the x-y plane of the hydrogel, which results in a low overall NO2- removal rate (i.e., flux). Thinner hydrogels provide higher concurrent reactant concentrations throughout the hydrogel, resulting in higher fluxes. However, if the hydrogel is too thin, the flux becomes limited by the amount of Pd that can be loaded, and unused H2 can diffuse into the bulk and promote biofilm growth. The hydrogel thickness that maximized the NO2- flux ranged between 30 and 150 μm for the conditions tested. The computational model is the first to describe CHMR behavior, and it is an important tool for the further development of the CHMR. It also can be adapted to assess CHMR behavior for other contaminants or catalysts or used for other types of interfacial catalytic membrane reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Zak
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, 46556 Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Randal Marks
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, 46556 Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Patricia Perez-Calleja
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, 46556 Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Robert Nerenberg
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, 46556 Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Kyle Doudrick
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, 46556 Notre Dame, IN, USA.
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3
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Marks R, Seaman J, Kim J, Doudrick K. Activity and stability of the catalytic hydrogel membrane reactor for treating oxidized contaminants. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 174:115593. [PMID: 32086133 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic hydrogel membrane reactor (CHMR) is an interfacial membrane process that uses nano-sized catalysts for the hydrogenation of oxidized contaminants in drinking water. In this study, the CHMR was operated as a continuous-flow reactor using nitrite (NO2-) as a model contaminant and palladium (Pd) as a model catalyst. Using the overall bulk reaction rate for NO2- reduction as a metric for catalytic activity, we evaluated the effect of the hydrogen gas (H2) delivery method to the CHMR, the initial H2 and NO2- concentrations, Pd density in the hydrogel, and the presence of Pd-deactivating species. The chemical stability of the catalytic hydrogel was evaluated in the presence of aqueous cations (H+, Na+, Ca2+) and a mixture of ions in a hard groundwater. Delivering H2 to the CHMR lumens using a vented operation mode, where the reactor is sealed and the lumens are periodically flushed to the atmosphere, allowed for a combination of a high H2 consumption efficiency and catalytic activity. The overall reaction rate of NO2- was dependent on relative concentrations of H2 and NO2- at catalytic sites, which was governed by both the chemical reaction and mass transport rates. The intrinsic catalytic reaction rate was combined with a counter-diffusional mass transport component in a 1-D computational model to describe the CHMR. Common Pd-deactivating species [sulfite, bisulfide, natural organic matter] hindered the reaction rate, but the hydrogel afforded some protection from deactivation compared to a batch suspension. No chemical degradation of the hydrogel structure was observed for a model water (pH > 4, Na+, Ca2+) and a hard groundwater after 21 days of exposure, attesting to its stability under natural water conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randal Marks
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, USA
| | - Joseph Seaman
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, USA
| | - Junyeol Kim
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, USA
| | - Kyle Doudrick
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, USA.
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4
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Pinos-Vélez V, di Luca C, Crivoi DG, Medina F, Dafinov A. Catalytic Palladium-Based and Iron-Based Membrane Reactors: Novel Strategies of Synthesis. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19818-19828. [PMID: 31788614 PMCID: PMC6882148 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Several procedures were employed in the preparation of different Pd- and Fe-based catalytic membrane reactors (CMRs) via the normal wet impregnation method, reverse filtration of a microemulsion, sputtering method, and the precipitation of a Fe complex. Depending on the chosen procedure, the metal active phase can be found on the exterior and/or interior part of the CMR or even in its pores in concentrations between 0.05 and 2 wt %. Moreover, we have managed to implement a unique systematic process to grow hydrotalcite in the pores of a Pd-CMR. To exemplify the activity of these new CMRs, we have tested them in the peroxidation of phenol and in situ epoxidation of trans-chalcone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Pinos-Vélez
- Departament d’Enginyeria
Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans, 26,
Campus Sescelades, Tarragona 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departamento de Recursos Hídricos y Ciencias Ambientales,
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
de Cuenca, Av. 12 de abril y ciudadela universitaria, Cuenca 010107, Azuay, Ecuador
| | - Carla di Luca
- Departament d’Enginyeria
Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans, 26,
Campus Sescelades, Tarragona 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química-Facultad
de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional
de Mar del Plata e Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales
(INTEMA-CONICET), Av.
J. B. Justo 4302 (B7608FDQ), Mar del Plata 7600, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dana G. Crivoi
- Departament d’Enginyeria
Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans, 26,
Campus Sescelades, Tarragona 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- EMaS-Research Center on Engineering of
Materials and Micro/NanoSystems Rovira I Virgili University Marcel-li
Domingo, Tarragona 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University
of Oxford, 12 Mansfield
Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, Oxfordshire, U.K.
| | - Francisco Medina
- Departament d’Enginyeria
Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans, 26,
Campus Sescelades, Tarragona 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- EMaS-Research Center on Engineering of
Materials and Micro/NanoSystems Rovira I Virgili University Marcel-li
Domingo, Tarragona 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anton Dafinov
- Departament d’Enginyeria
Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans, 26,
Campus Sescelades, Tarragona 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- EMaS-Research Center on Engineering of
Materials and Micro/NanoSystems Rovira I Virgili University Marcel-li
Domingo, Tarragona 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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5
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Abstract
In this review, the recent achievements on the use of membrane technologies in catalytic carbonylation reactions are described. The review starts with a general introduction on the use and function of membranes in assisting catalytic chemical reactions with a particular emphasis on the most widespread applications including esterification, oxidation and hydrogenation reactions. An independent paragraph will be then devoted to the state of the art of membranes in carbonylation reactions for the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Finally, the application of a specific membrane process, such as pervaporation, for the separation/purification of products deriving from carbonylation reactions will be presented.
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6
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Izák P, Bobbink FD, Hulla M, Klepic M, Friess K, Hovorka Š, Dyson PJ. Catalytic Ionic-Liquid Membranes: The Convergence of Ionic-Liquid Catalysis and Ionic-Liquid Membrane Separation Technologies. Chempluschem 2017; 83:7-18. [PMID: 31957320 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Membrane technologies enable the facile separation of complex mixtures of gases, vapours, liquids and/or solids under mild conditions. Simultaneous chemical transformations can also be achieved in membranes by using catalytically active membrane materials or embedded catalysts, in so-called membrane reactors. A particular class of membranes containing or composed of ionic liquids (ILs) or polymeric ionic liquids (pILs) have recently emerged. These membranes often exhibit superior transport and separation properties to those of classical polymeric membranes. ILs and pILs have also been extensively studied as separation solvents, catalysts and co-catalysts in similar applications for which membranes are employed. In this review, after introducing ILs and their applications in catalysis, catalytic membranes and recent advances in membrane separation processes based on ILs are described. Finally, the nascent concept of catalytic IL membranes is highlighted, in which catalytically active ILs/pILs are incorporated into membrane technologies to act as a catalytic separation layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Izák
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Science, v.v.i. Rozvojová 135, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Felix D Bobbink
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hulla
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martina Klepic
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Friess
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Hovorka
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Yamanaka I, Satake Y, Pantira P, Hiraki D, Ogihara H. A New Type Hydrogen Permeable Membrane and Application for H2O2Synthesis. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Yamanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 1528550
| | - Yuichiro Satake
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 1528550
| | - Privatananupunt Pantira
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 1528550
| | - Daisuke Hiraki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 1528550
| | - Hitoshi Ogihara
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 1528550
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8
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Wales MD, Joos LB, Traylor WA, Pfromm P, Rezac M. Composite catalytic tubular membranes for selective hydrogenation in three-phase systems. Catal Today 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Pinos VP, Crivoi DG, Medina F, Sueiras JE, Dafinov AI. New tuneable catalytic membrane reactor for various reactions in aqueous media. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201500005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. P. Pinos
- Chemical Engineering Department; Rovira I Virgili University; Av Paisos Catalans 26 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departamento de Recursos Hídricos y Ciencias; Ambientales, Dirección de Investigación (DIUC), Universidad de Cuenca; Av. Victor Manuel Albornoz, Campus Quinta Balzaín Cuenca Ecuador
| | - D. G. Crivoi
- Chemical Engineering Department; Rovira I Virgili University; Av Paisos Catalans 26 43007 Tarragona Spain
- EMaS-Research Center on Engineering of Materials and Micro/NanoSystems; Rovira I Virgili University; Marcel-li Domingo Tarragona Spain 43007
| | - F. Medina
- Chemical Engineering Department; Rovira I Virgili University; Av Paisos Catalans 26 43007 Tarragona Spain
- EMaS-Research Center on Engineering of Materials and Micro/NanoSystems; Rovira I Virgili University; Marcel-li Domingo Tarragona Spain 43007
| | - J. E. Sueiras
- Chemical Engineering Department; Rovira I Virgili University; Av Paisos Catalans 26 43007 Tarragona Spain
- EMaS-Research Center on Engineering of Materials and Micro/NanoSystems; Rovira I Virgili University; Marcel-li Domingo Tarragona Spain 43007
| | - A. I. Dafinov
- Chemical Engineering Department; Rovira I Virgili University; Av Paisos Catalans 26 43007 Tarragona Spain
- EMaS-Research Center on Engineering of Materials and Micro/NanoSystems; Rovira I Virgili University; Marcel-li Domingo Tarragona Spain 43007
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10
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Selinsek M, Pashkova A, Dittmeyer R. Numerical analysis of mass transport effects on the performance of a tubular catalytic membrane contactor for direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. Catal Today 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2014.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Lopes J, Alves M, Oliveira M, Cardoso S, Rodrigues A. Internal mass transfer enhancement in flow-through catalytic membranes. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Jani JM, Can Aran H, Wessling M, Lammertink RG. Modeling of gas–liquid reactions in porous membrane microreactors. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Pera-Titus M, Fridmann M, Guilhaume N, Fiaty K. Modelling nitrate reduction in a flow-through catalytic membrane contactor: Role of pore confining effects on water viscosity. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Jakob F, Herdtweck E, Bach T. Synthesis and Properties of Chiral Pyrazolidines Derived from (+)-Pulegone. Chemistry 2010; 16:7537-46. [PMID: 20496356 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Jakob
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie 1, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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15
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Yang L, Yao B, Takahashi T. Study on Production of CH4 in Hydrogen Purification with Palladium−Silver/Ceramic Composite Membranes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie900624v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China, and NGK Insulator, Ltd., 2-56 Suda-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8530, Japan
| | - BingJia Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China, and NGK Insulator, Ltd., 2-56 Suda-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8530, Japan
| | - Tomonori Takahashi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China, and NGK Insulator, Ltd., 2-56 Suda-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8530, Japan
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17
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Briceño K, Garcia-Valls R, Montané D. State of the art of carbon molecular sieves supported on tubular ceramics for gas separation applications. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Inoue T, Tanaka Y, Pacheco Tanaka DA, Suzuki TM, Sato K, Nishioka M, Hamakawa S, Mizukami F. Direct production of hydrogen peroxide from oxygen and hydrogen applying membrane-permeation mechanism. Chem Eng Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Dotzauer DM, Bhattacharjee S, Wen Y, Bruening ML. Nanoparticle-containing membranes for the catalytic reduction of nitroaromatic compounds. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:1865-1871. [PMID: 19125594 DOI: 10.1021/la803220z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolyte/metal nanoparticle films in porous alumina, track-etched polycarbonate, and nylon substrates yields catalytic membranes. With all three substrates, scanning electron microcopy images demonstrate a high density of well-separated nanoparticles in the membrane pores. These nanoparticles catalyze the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds by sodium borohydride with rate constants that are the same as those for nanoparticles immobilized on alumina powder. Moreover, the membranes selectively catalyze the reduction of nitro groups in compounds containing other reducible functionalities such as cyano, chloro, and styrenyl moieties. With nitrophenols and nitroanilines, the only reduction product is the corresponding amine. In contrast, nitrobenzene, nitrotoluenes, nitrobenzonitriles, chloronitrobenzenes, and m-nitrostyrene also form a nitroso product. Membrane catalysts are particularly attractive for controlling product distributions through variation of solution fluxes, as demonstrated by the formation of increased levels of nitroso compounds at high flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Dotzauer
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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20
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Witońska I, Karski S, Gołuchowska J. Hydrogenation of nitrate in water over bimetallic Pd-Ag/Al2O3 catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-007-4960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Campos-Martin JM, Blanco-Brieva G, Fierro JLG. Wasserstoffperoxid-Synthese: Perspektiven jenseits des Anthrachinon-Verfahrens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200503779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Campos-Martin JM, Blanco-Brieva G, Fierro JLG. Hydrogen peroxide synthesis: an outlook beyond the anthraquinone process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:6962-84. [PMID: 17039551 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200503779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1150] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is widely used in almost all industrial areas, particularly in the chemical industry and environmental protection. The only degradation product of its use is water, and thus it has played a large role in environmentally friendly methods in the chemical industry. Hydrogen peroxide is produced on an industrial scale by the anthraquinone oxidation (AO) process. However, this process can hardly be considered a green method. It involves the sequential hydrogenation and oxidation of an alkylanthraquinone precursor dissolved in a mixture of organic solvents followed by liquid-liquid extraction to recover H2O2. The AO process is a multistep method that requires significant energy input and generates waste, which has a negative effect on its sustainability and production costs. The transport, storage, and handling of bulk H2O2 involve hazards and escalating expenses. Thus, novel, cleaner methods for the production of H2O2 are being explored. The direct synthesis of H2O2 from O2 and H2 using a variety of catalysts, and the factors influencing the formation and decomposition of H2O2 are examined in detail in this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Campos-Martin
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Iojoiu EE, Landrivon E, Raeder H, Torp EG, Miachon S, Dalmon JA. The “Watercatox” process: Wet air oxidation of industrial effluents in a catalytic membrane reactor. Catal Today 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2006.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Abate S, Centi G, Perathoner S, Frusteri F. Enhanced stability of catalytic membranes based on a porous thin Pd film on a ceramic support by forming a Pd–Ag interlayer. Catal Today 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2005.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Abate S, Centi G, Perathoner S, Melada S, Pinna F, Strukul G. The issue of selectivity in the direct synthesis of H2O2 from H2 and O2: the role of the catalyst in relation to the kinetics of reaction. Top Catal 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-006-0083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Iojoiu EE, Walmsley JC, Raeder H, Miachon S, Dalmon JA. Catalytic membrane structure influence on the pressure effects in an interfacial contactor catalytic membrane reactor applied to wet air oxidation. Catal Today 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2005.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abate S, Centi G, Melada S, Perathoner S, Pinna F, Strukul G. Preparation, performances and reaction mechanism for the synthesis of H2O2 from H2 and O2 based on palladium membranes. Catal Today 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2005.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Iojoiu EE, Miachon S, Dalmon JA. Progress in performance and stability of a contactor-type Catalytic Membrane Reactor for wet air oxidation. Top Catal 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-005-2519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Perathoner S, Centi G. Wet hydrogen peroxide catalytic oxidation (WHPCO) of organic waste in agro-food and industrial streams. Top Catal 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-005-2529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Preparation of palladium and silver alloy membrane on a porous α-alumina tube via simultaneous electroless plating. J Memb Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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