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Becker L, Heimerl A, André E. ForDigitStress: presentation and evaluation of a new laboratory stressor using a digital job interview-scenario. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1182959. [PMID: 37404593 PMCID: PMC10315916 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1182959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since the COVID-19 pandemic, working environments and private lives have changed dramatically. Digital technologies and media have become more and more important and have found their way into nearly all private and work environments. Communication situations have been largely relocated to virtual spaces. One of these scenarios is digital job interviews. Job interviews are usually-also in the non-digital world-perceived as stressful and associated with biological stress responses. We here present and evaluate a newly developed laboratory stressor that is based on a digital job interview-scenario. Methods N = 45 healthy people participated in the study (64.4% female; mean age: 23.2 ± 3.6 years; mean body mass index = 22.8 ± 4.0 kg/m2). Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) and cortisol were assessed as measures for biological stress responses. Furthermore, perceived stress was rated at the time points of the saliva samplings. The job interviews lasted between 20 and 25 min. All materials, including instructions for the experimenter (i.e., the job interviewer) and the data set used for statistical analysis, as well as a multimodal data set, which includes further measures, are publicly available. Results Typical subjective and biological stress-response patterns were found, with peak sAA and perceived stress levels observed immediately after the job interviews and peak cortisol concentrations 5 min afterwards. Female participants experienced the scenario as more stressful than male participants. Cortisol peaks were higher for participants who experienced the situation as a threat in comparison to participants who experienced it as a challenge. Associations between the strength of the stress response with further person characteristics and psychological variables such as BMI, age, coping styles, and personality were not found. Discussion Overall, our method is well-suited to induce biological and perceived stress, mostly independent of person characteristics and psychological variables. The setting is naturalistic and easily implementable in standardized laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Becker
- Chair of Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Heimerl
- Chair for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, Institute of Computer Science, Universität Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth André
- Chair for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, Institute of Computer Science, Universität Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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Anjali, Vk G, Sarma L, Tripathi M, Verma MR, Verma V, Pathak MC, Samad HA, Maurya VP, Chouhan VS, Singh G. Thyroid hormone dynamics of Tharparkar and Sahiwal cattle during induced heat stress. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:57. [PMID: 36715891 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones and Cortisol level are the essential biomarkers in the assessment of stress condition. This study was done to estimate the metabolic hormonal profile of Tharparkar and Sahiwal during heat stress condition. The experiment was conducted on two groups consisting of Tharparkar and Sahiwal animals (5 in each group) and the experimental period comprised a 7-day acclimatization period, a heat exposure period of 21 days at control (25 °C), moderate (35 °C) and severe (42 °C) heat stress within a 9-10-day recovery period between each exposure. The hormonal concentrations of T3, T4 and cortisol were determined in serum. The serum concentration of Thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) decreases whereas cortisol level increases in both the breeds when subjected to heat stress. However, the serum level of T4 was significantly (p < 0.05) more declined in Sahiwal as compared to Tharparkar but there was no significant difference found between the two breeds in serum T3 levels. The cortisol levels were elevated in both breeds during heat stress but significantly (p < 0.05) more elevated in the Sahiwal. Hence, observations of these hormonal profiles suggest a better thermo-adaptability in Tharparkar as compared to Sahiwal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India
| | - Gururaj Vk
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India
| | - Lipika Sarma
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India
| | - M Tripathi
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India
| | - Med Ram Verma
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India
| | - Vinay Verma
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India
| | - M C Pathak
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India
| | - H A Samad
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India
| | - V P Maurya
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India
| | - V S Chouhan
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India.
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Fedurek P, Lacroix L, Aktipis A, Cronk L, Makambi J, Mabulla I, Lehmann J, Berbesque JC. Relationship between proximity and physiological stress levels in hunter-gatherers: The Hadza. Horm Behav 2023; 147:105294. [PMID: 36521419 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years there has been a great deal of documentation on how social relationships are related to various aspects of human wellbeing. However, until recently most studies investigating the effects of social relationships on wellbeing have applied social network measures to reported social contacts. Recent advances in the application of bio-loggers in biological studies have now made it possible to quantify social relationships based on in-person, rather than self-reported, social interactions. We used GPS-derived in-camp and out-of-camp proximity data to analyse how in-person proximity is related to Hair Cortisol Concentration (HCC) among Hadza hunter-gatherers. Time spent in close proximity to other camp members was associated with higher HCC, especially in women. In contrast, individuals who spent more time in close out-of-camp proximity to their best friend experienced lower HCC. Our study suggests that physiological costs related to group living might be mitigated by in-person interactions with close friends. We also find that the location (i.e., in-camp vs out-of-camp) of proximity to others and self-perceived friends is associated with HCC among the Hadza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Fedurek
- Anthropology Programme, University of Roehampton, London, UK; Department of Anthropology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Laurent Lacroix
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Athena Aktipis
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Lee Cronk
- Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jerryson Makambi
- Mount Meru Tour Guide and International Language School, Arusha, Tanzania
| | | | - Julia Lehmann
- Anthropology Programme, University of Roehampton, London, UK
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Begum N, Mandhare A, Tryphena KP, Srivastava S, Shaikh MF, Singh SB, Khatri DK. Epigenetics in depression and gut-brain axis: A molecular crosstalk. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1048333. [PMID: 36583185 PMCID: PMC9794020 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1048333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut-brain axis is a dynamic, complex, and bidirectional communication network between the gut and brain. Changes in the microbiota-gut-brain axis are responsible for developing various metabolic, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. According to clinical and preclinical findings, the gut microbiota is a significant regulator of the gut-brain axis. In addition to interacting with intestinal cells and the enteric nervous system, it has been discovered that microbes in the gut can modify the central nervous system through metabolic and neuroendocrine pathways. The metabolites of the gut microbiome can modulate a number of diseases by inducing epigenetic alteration through DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA-associated gene silencing. Short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, are well-known histone deacetylases inhibitors. Similarly, other microbial metabolites such as folate, choline, and trimethylamine-N-oxide also regulate epigenetics mechanisms. Furthermore, various studies have revealed the potential role of microbiome dysbiosis and epigenetics in the pathophysiology of depression. Hence, in this review, we have highlighted the role of gut dysbiosis in epigenetic regulation, causal interaction between host epigenetic modification and the gut microbiome in depression and suggest microbiome and epigenome as a possible target for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Begum
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Aniket Mandhare
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India,*Correspondence: Saurabh Srivastava,
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia,Mohd Farooq Shaikh,
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India,Dharmendra Kumar Khatri,
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Paul B, Sterner ZR, Bhawal R, Anderson ET, Zhang S, Buchholz DR. Impaired negative feedback and death following acute stress in glucocorticoid receptor knockout Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 326:114072. [PMID: 35697317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Blood glucocorticoid levels are regulated by the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal axis (HPA axis in mammals, HPI axis in amphibians), and negative feedback by glucocorticoid signaling is a key player in that regulation. Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors (GR and MR) mediate negative feedback in mammals, but little is known about nuclear receptor-mediated feedback in amphibians. Because amphibians have only one corticosteroidogenic cell type responsible for glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid production, we hypothesized that GR knockout (GRKO) tadpoles have elevated levels of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids as well as axis components regulating their production. We also examined the response to stress and potential for increased aldosterone signaling in GRKO tadpoles. We found that GRKO tadpoles have severe hyperactivity of the HPI axis, namely high mRNA expression levels of pomc, cyp17a1, cyp21a2, cyp11b2, and star, and high tissue content of corticosterone, aldosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 21-deoxycortisol, and progesterone. Such aberrant HPI activity was accompanied by reduced survival after acute temperature shock and shaking stress. Like mammalian models of HPA hyperactivity, GRKO tadpoles have high MR mRNA expression levels in brain, kidney, heart, and skin and high levels of the inflammatory cytokine tnf-α and the profibrotic factor tgf-β in kidneys. This study showed GR is critical for negative feedback to the amphibian HPI axis and for survival from acute stressors. This study also showed GRKO tadpoles exhibit altered expression/overproduction of regulators of salt-water homeostasis and associated biomarkers of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Paul
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States
| | - Zachary R Sterner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States
| | - Ruchika Bhawal
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Elizabeth T Anderson
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Daniel R Buchholz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States.
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Becker L, Kaltenegger HC, Nowak D, Rohleder N, Weigl M. Differences in stress system (re-)activity between single and dual- or multitasking in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev 2022; 17:78-103. [PMID: 35477383 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2071323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the age of digitization, multitasking requirements are ubiquitous, especially in the workplace. Multitasking (MT) describes the activity of performing multiple (at least two) tasks at the same time. Dual tasking (DT) refers to the sequential switching between two tasks. The aim of our systematic review and meta-analysis was first to investigate whether physiological stress systems become activated in response to or during MT/DT and, secondly, whether this (re-)activity is higher compared to single tasking. We focused on the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS), the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS), the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, and the immune system. The systematic review has been pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020181415). A total of twenty-five articles were identified as eligible, in which n = 26 studies were reported, with N = 1,142 participants. Our main findings are that SNS activity is significantly higher and PNS activity is significantly lower during MT/DT than during single tasking. Only two studies were found, in which HPA axis (re-)activity was surveyed. No eligible study was identified in which immune system (re-)activity was investigated. This is the first systematic synthesis of the literature base showing that stress system activity is increased during MT/DT in comparison to single-tasking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Becker
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Health Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helena C Kaltenegger
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Health Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Weigl
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, Germany.,Institute for Patient Safety, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
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Executive functioning as a predictor of physiological and subjective acute stress responses in non-clinical adult populations: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:1096-1115. [PMID: 34562543 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate whether executive functioning predicts subsequent acute stress responses. A systematic search (conducted between May 22nd and 30th, 2019; updated on April 4th, 2020) on Cochrane, OpenGray, Proquest Dissertations and Thesis Global, PsycInfo, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science revealed 27 correlational and five interventional studies. For quality appraisal, we used the BIOCROSS Tool, the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies, and the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-bias Tool for Randomized Trials. Attentional control was most consistently associated with acute stress. A robust variation estimation meta-analysis, conducted when sufficient data was available, revealed a small, significant, and negative correlation between higher working memory and subsequent lower cortisol reactivity (r = .09, p = .025, 95 % CI [0.15, 0.02]). These results highlight the role of executive functioning for acute stress responses, the scarcity of relevant data, and the need for both interventional designs and the consideration of mediators and moderators to understand underlying mechanisms.
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Wan C, Boileau K, D'Amico D, Huang V, Fiocco AJ, Clément R, Bielajew C. A cross-cultural analysis of salivary cortisol patterns in breast cancer survivors. BREAST CANCER MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.2217/bmt-2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this study, we examined whether Chinese and White women with and without a history of breast cancer exhibit differences in physiological and psychological stress profiles. Methods: Diurnal and reactive salivary cortisol profiles and psychological stress patterns of 41 breast cancer survivors and 58 healthy women were assessed. Results: Breast cancer survivors displayed a blunted acute cortisol response but there was no main effect of ethnocultural membership. Subjective appraisals of stress during the acute stressor revealed a significant interaction between ethnocultural group, health status and time (p = 0.032). Conclusion: Our results support the existing literature though suggest group differences in the appraisal of stress; thus, underscoring the importance of cultural sensitivity and awareness among clinicians and existing programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Wan
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kayla Boileau
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Vivian Huang
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
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Cerda-Molina AL, Borráz-León JI, Mayagoitia-Novales L, Gaspar Del Río AT. [Cortisol reactivity and adult mental health in adults exposed to early violence: a systematic reviewReatividade do cortisol e saúde mental em adultos com exposição precoce à violência: uma revisão sistemática]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2017; 41:e171. [PMID: 31391846 PMCID: PMC6660856 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2017.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Analyze results with respect to cortisol reactivity (CR) in experimental stress paradigms in adults with or without a psychiatric disorder who suffered violence in early developmental stages (infancy or early adolescence); and use these results to propose a clinical tool to determine biological stress indicators. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using several databases and following PRISMA criteria; of a total of 231 articles, 16 satisfied the inclusion criteria and the results were analyzed qualitatively. RESULTS Despite heterogeneity, the results suggested that the people who suffered violence at an early age present a pattern of low CR. In contrast, people who also developed symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression, regardless of the type of violence, showed increased CR. The majority of studies focused on people who suffered childhood sexual abuse and half of the articles supported the hypothesis that CR is more pronounced in men than in women. CONCLUSIONS The results of this review suggest that cortisol hyperreactivity can be considered a biomarker for treatment and intervention in people with post-traumatic stress disorder and depression who suffered violence at an early age. The results also support evidence that experiencing violence alters stress response and mental health in the long term. However, it is necessary to conduct more studies, in particular studies on hyporeactivity and gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lilia Cerda-Molina
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizCiudad de MéxicoMéxicoInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Javier Iván Borráz-León
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizCiudad de MéxicoMéxicoInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Lilian Mayagoitia-Novales
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizCiudad de MéxicoMéxicoInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Alina Teresita Gaspar Del Río
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizCiudad de MéxicoMéxicoInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México.
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Couture-Lalande MÈ, Lebel S, Bielajew C. Analysis of the cortisol diurnal rhythmicity and cortisol reactivity in long-term breast cancer survivors. BREAST CANCER MANAGEMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/bmt.14.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Aims: In this paper, we examine the long-term consequences of a breast cancer diagnosis on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis functioning. Methods: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the diurnal and reactive cortisol profiles of breast cancer survivors considered ‘disease-free’ compared with women with no history of breast cancer. Results: The results indicate similar diurnal patterns in both groups; however, significant differences in stress reactivity were noted, with breast cancer survivors displaying a relatively flat profile following the acute stress induction. Subjective levels of psychological stress were similar in both groups, suggesting incongruence between perceived stress and the physiological stress response of breast cancer survivors. Conclusion: The patterns suggest a progression towards more typical cortisol reactivity with longer time since diagnosis and may reflect some recovery of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis functioning as time passes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Lebel
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
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Qian X, Droste SK, Gutièrrez-Mecinas M, Collins A, Kersanté F, Reul JMHM, Linthorst ACE. A rapid release of corticosteroid-binding globulin from the liver restrains the glucocorticoid hormone response to acute stress. Endocrinology 2011; 152:3738-48. [PMID: 21828178 PMCID: PMC3722548 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A strict control of glucocorticoid hormone responses to stress is essential for health. In blood, glucocorticoid hormones are for the largest part bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), and just a minor fraction of hormone is free. Only free glucocorticoid hormone is able to exert biological effects, but little is known about its regulation during stress. We found, using a dual-probe in vivo microdialysis method, that in rats, the forced-swim stress-induced rise in free corticosterone (its major glucocorticoid hormone) is strikingly similar in the blood and in target compartments such as the subcutaneous tissue and the brain. However, in all compartments, the free corticosterone response was delayed by 20-30 min as compared with the total corticosterone response in the blood. We discovered that CBG is the key player in this delay. Swim stress evoked a fast (within 5 min) and profound rise in CBG protein and binding capacity in the blood through a release of the protein from the liver. Thus, the increase in circulating CBG levels after stress restrains the rise in free corticosterone concentrations for approximately 20 min in the face of mounting total hormone levels in the circulation. The stress-induced increase in CBG seems to be specific for moderate and strong stressors. Both restraint stress and forced swimming caused an increase in circulating CBG, whereas its levels were not affected by mild novelty stress. Our data uncover a new, highly dynamic role for CBG in the regulation of glucocorticoid hormone physiology after acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Qian
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
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Firk C, Markus CR. Review: Serotonin by stress interaction: a susceptibility factor for the development of depression? J Psychopharmacol 2007; 21:538-44. [PMID: 17446201 DOI: 10.1177/0269881106075588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A genetic predisposition to depression may be a potential risk factor in the development of depression. Although the neurobiological equivalent of the predisposition remains unclear, it seems as though the brain serotonin (5-HT) system plays an important mediating role. Therefore, individuals with a family history of depression (FH+) may be more likely to develop depression due to an innate vulnerability related to altered serotonergic neurotransmission in the brain. A major problem, however, is that the role of brain 5-HT in depression is complex and this serotonin-related innate vulnerability, by itself, is not sufficient enough to cause a depressive episode. In the search for additional factors, stress has received particular attention. Stressful life events influence and precede the onset of depression. Furthermore, depression is associated with stress hormone dysregulation and bidirectional interactions are thought to occur between stress-related changes in the neuroendocrine stress system and the 5-HT system. In the current review, we argue that healthy individuals with a positive family history of depression are more prone to develop depression due to a genetic 5-HT susceptibility, which deteriorates stress coping mechanisms and increases stress vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Firk
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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