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Esfiokhi SHM, Norouzian MA, Abadi MRS, Ahvanooei MRR. Effects of probiotic-supplemented milk replacer on growth, blood biochemistry, fermentation, digestibility, and carcass traits in lambs. Vet Anim Sci 2024; 25:100368. [PMID: 38966005 PMCID: PMC11222791 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding cow's milk replacer and probiotic supplementation on growth performance, blood metabolites, ruminal fermentation parameters, and nutrient digestibility in male lambs, with ewe's milk serving as the control treatment. Eighteen male lambs with an average initial body weight of 5.0 ± 1.2 kg and age of 15 ± 4 days were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: ewe's milk, cow's milk replacer, and cow's milk replacer with probiotic supplementation. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design. Lambs fed ewe's milk showed significantly higher average daily gain (218.4 g/day) compared to those fed cow's milk replacer (183.7 g/day) or cow's milk replacer with probiotic (209.1 g/day). Similarly, dry matter intake was highest in the ewe's milk group (585.6 g/day) compared to the cow's milk replacer (435.9 g/day) and cow's milk replacer with probiotic (510.5 g/day) groups. Blood glucose levels were higher in the ewe's milk group (75.3 mg/dL) compared to the cow's milk replacer (70.3 mg/dL) and cow's milk replacer with probiotic (72.1 mg/dL) groups. Probiotic supplementation resulted in increased blood urea nitrogen (15.6 mg/dL) and total protein (7.3 g/dL) levels compared to the other groups. Furthermore, the ewe's milk group showed higher apparent dry matter (76.1%) and crude protein (68.5%) digestibility compared to the other treatments. The fecal score on day 30 was higher in the cow's milk replacer group (2.34) compared to the ewe's milk (1.24) and cow's milk replacer with probiotic (1.45) groups. There were no significant differences in the carcass traits of the experimental lambs. In conclusion, based on the results of this study, it seems that feeding cow's milk + probiotic as a replacement for ewe's milk did not significantly affect the performance, carcass traits, and blood and fermentation parameters in infant lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- SH Mousavi Esfiokhi
- Department of Animals and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - MA Norouzian
- Department of Animals and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - MR Sahl Abadi
- Department of Animals and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - MR Rezaei Ahvanooei
- Department of Animals and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Cowie S. Human social enrichment is linked with reduced mortality in artificially reared ewe lambs. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13913. [PMID: 38228316 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Growth of lambs in an artificial rearing system is key to the economic success of sheep-milking farms. Social enrichment in the form of quiet human contact has been shown to increase growth rates of lambs after weaning, perhaps by reducing stress and enhancing immune function. One hundred fourteen artificially reared dairy ewe lambs were assigned either to a Social condition receiving quiet human company in three 20-min segments per day, or a Control condition without quiet human contact. Feeding and housing conditions were otherwise identical. Starting weights for the Social (M = 6.29 kg; SD = 1.19 kg) and Control (M = 6.38 kg; SD = 0.93 kg) lambs were the same, as were their weights after 3 weeks (Mcontrol = 8.89 kg, SD = 2.55 kg, Msocial = 8.63 kg, SD = 2.16 kg). Mortality rates were significantly lower (p = 0.041) in the Social condition (0%) than Control (8%). Thus, social enrichment may be important for the wellbeing of lambs and for economic viability in lamb-rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cowie
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Science Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
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Effects of Extending Milk Replacer Feeding during the Fattening Period on the Behaviour and Welfare of Lambs: A Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010085. [PMID: 36611694 PMCID: PMC9817768 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of information on the behavioural and welfare effects of sustaining artificial milk feeding in fattening lambs. Therefore, the present work aimed to study the effects of prolonged artificial milk feeding during fattening with a high concentrate diet on the behaviour of lambs. The behaviour of 16 non castrated male lambs of the Manchega sheep breed (eight lambs were in the group that were fed daily a bottle of milk, and the other eight were in the weaned group) was recorded with four fixed cameras just before bottle feeding (~8:30 a.m.) of the unweaned group till four hours later, every day for 7 weeks. The solid diet (pelleted concentrate plus cereal straw) and housing conditions were the same in both groups. Solid feeds were offered ad libitum. There were no differences between groups in time spent eating nor in drinking, playing, scratching and oral activity behaviours (p > 0.05), but resting episodes were longer in weaned lambs (p < 0.05). Weaned lambs presented a higher frequency of self-grooming behaviour (p < 0.05), while the unweaned group performed a higher frequency of interaction behaviour (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the behaviours of lambs that were fed daily a bottle of milk during the fattening period did not substantially differ from the weaned individuals.
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Wang M, Han H, Shang Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Su C, Lian H, Fu T, Gao T. Effect of the Replacement of Maize Silage and Soyabean Meal with Mulberry Silage in the Diet of Hu Lambs on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices, Slaughter Performance, and Meat Quality. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223164. [PMID: 36428394 PMCID: PMC9686492 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize silage has a high demand for fertilizer and water. As an unconventional feed resource, mulberry silage has the potential to replace most maize silage and to alleviate the shortage of roughage in the mutton sheep industry in China. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of the replacement of maize silage and soyabean meal with mulberry silage in the diet of Hu lambs on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, slaughter performance, and meat quality. Ninety-six healthy Hu lambs were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates per group and four lambs per replicate. The amounts of 0, 20, 40, and 60% of maize silage were replaced by mulberry silage in each group (denoted as CON, L, M, and H, respectively). The results showed that replacing maize silage with mulberry silage had no significant effect on the growth performance or the slaughter performance of Hu lambs (p > 0.05). Feeding Hu lambs with mulberry silage significantly reduced serum glucose (GLU) and the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) content (p < 0.05), and it increased the content of ether extract (EE) in the longissimus dorsi muscle (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the percentage of EAA in the M and H groups was significantly lower than that in the CON and L groups (p < 0.05). In addition, in the fatty acid profile, the percentage of C16:1 in the M group was significantly increased, while the percentage of C18:0 and C20:0 were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Based on these findings, it was recommended that 20−40% of maize silage be replaced by mulberry silage in the diet of Hu lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tong Fu
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (T.F.)
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Bushby EV, Friel M, Goold C, Gray H, Smith L, Collins LM. Factors Influencing Individual Variation in Farm Animal Cognition and How to Account for These Statistically. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:193. [PMID: 30175105 PMCID: PMC6107851 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For farmed species, good health and welfare is a win-win situation: both the animals and producers can benefit. In recent years, animal welfare scientists have embraced cognitive sciences to rise to the challenge of determining an animal's internal state in order to better understand its welfare needs and by extension, the needs of larger groups of animals. A wide range of cognitive tests have been developed that can be applied in farmed species to assess a range of cognitive traits. However, this has also presented challenges. Whilst it may be expected to see cognitive variation at the species level, differences in cognitive ability between and within individuals of the same species have frequently been noted but left largely unexplained. Not accounting for individual variation may result in misleading conclusions when the results are applied both at an individual level and at higher levels of scale. This has implications both for our fundamental understanding of an individual's welfare needs, but also more broadly for experimental design and the justification for sample sizes in studies using animals. We urgently need to address this issue. In this review, we will consider the latest developments on the causes of individual variation in cognitive outcomes, such as the choice of cognitive test, sex, breed, age, early life environment, rearing conditions, personality, diet, and the animal's microbiome. We discuss the impact of each of these factors specifically in relation to recent work in farmed species, and explore the future directions for cognitive research in this field, particularly in relation to experimental design and analytical techniques that allow individual variation to be accounted for appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily V Bushby
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Friel
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Conor Goold
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Gray
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Smith
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa M Collins
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Bhatt R, Sahoo A, Gadekar Y. Production performance of lambs on milk replacer during pre-weaning followed by post-weaning linseed and calcium soap supplementation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chai J, Diao Q, Zhao J, Wang H, Deng K, Qi M, Nie M, Zhang N. Effects of rearing system on meat quality, fatty acid and amino acid profiles of Hu lambs. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1178-1186. [PMID: 29790624 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To determine the effects of early rearing system on meat quality traits, fatty acid and amino acid profiles of meat, 48 Hu lambs were selected and randomly divided into four treatments: control lambs were ewe-reared from birth to 60 days of age (ER), while treatment lambs were segregated from their dams at 10, 20 and 30 days of age, then artificially reared with milk replacer until 60 days of age (EW10, EW20 and EW30, respectively). All lambs had no access to the milk replacer or their dams from 61 to 90 days. Creep feed was supplied ad libitum to all lambs from 15 to 90 days of age. Artificially reared lambs (EW10, EW20 and EW30) had higher (p < .05) creep feed intake, average daily gain, slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, meat ether extract content, bright meat color (lightness and yellowness) than ewe-reared lambs. The content of unsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids in EW10 and EW20 were greater (p < .05) than that in ER, whereas the proportions of saturated fatty acids in EW10 and EW20 were lower than that in ER (p < .05). The percentages of C18:0, C18:2, C18:3 and the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids of artificially reared lambs were greater than ewe-reared lambs (p < .05). The meat proportions of leucine, alanine and proline were higher (p < .05) in artificially reared lambs than ewe-reared ones. Finally, the artificially reared system increased meat production and changed the fatty acid and amino acid profiles of meat, and it would be appropriate to rear Hu lambs artificially from 10 days with milk replacer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Haichao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaidong Deng
- College of Animal Science, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minli Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingfei Nie
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Naifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Orihuela A, Averós X, Solano J, Clemente N, Estevez I. Effect of available space and previous contact in the social integration of Saint Croix and Suffolk ewes. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1238-49. [PMID: 27065284 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction in tropical sheep is not affected by season, whereas the reproductive cycle of temperate-climate breeds such as Suffolk depends on the photoperiod. Close contact with tropical ewes during the anestrous period might induce Suffolk ewes to cycle, making the use of artificial light or hormonal treatments unnecessary. However, the integration of both breeds within the social group would be necessary to trigger this effect, and so the aim of the experiment was to determine the speed of integration of 2 groups of Saint Croix and Suffolk ewes into a single flock, according to space allowance and previous experience. For this, 6 groups of 10 ewes (half from each breed) from both breeds, housed at 2 or 4 m/ewe (3 groups/treatment) and with or without previous contact with the other breed, were monitored for 3 d. Each observation day, the behavior, movement, and use of space of ewes were collected during 10 min at 1-h intervals between 0900 and 1400 h. Generalized linear mixed models were used to test the effects of breed, space allowance, and previous experience on behavior, movement, and use of space. Net distances, interbreed farthest neighbor distance, mean interbreed distance, and walking frequencies were greater at 4 m/ewe ( < 0.05). Intrabreed nearest neighbor, mean intrabreed neighbor, and interbreed nearest neighbor distances and minimum convex polygons at 4 m/ewe were greatest for Saint Croix ewes, whereas the opposite was found for lying down ( < 0.05). Experienced ewes showed larger intrabreed nearest neighbor distances, minimum convex polygons, and home range overlapping ( < 0.05). Experienced ewes at 4 m/ewe showed longest total distances and step lengths and greatest movement activity ( < 0.05). Experienced ewes walked longer total distances during Day 1 and 2 ( < 0.05). Lying down frequency was greater for Day 3 than Day 1 ( < 0.05), and Suffolk ewes kept longer interindividual distances during Day 1 ( < 0.05). After 3 d of cohabitation, Suffolk and Saint Croix ewes did not fully integrate into a cohesive flock, with each breed displaying specific behavioral patterns. Decreasing space allowance and previous experience resulted in limited benefits for the successful group cohesion. Longer cohabitation periods might result in complete integration, although practical implementation might be difficult.
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Toteda F, Maria Facciolongo A, Vicenti A, Melodia L, Bozzo F. Effect of type of suckling and polyunsaturated fatty acid use on lamb production.1. Productive performances and quanti-qualitative characteristics of the carcass. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2004.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Relationship between slaughtering age, nutritional and organoleptic properties of Altamurana lamb meat. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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11
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Hansen I. Behavioural indicators of sheep and goat welfare in organic and conventional Norwegian farms. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2015.1050447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Kiełtyka-Kurc A, Górecki MT. Social behavior in preweaning lambs and their preferences in social interactions. Anim Sci J 2015; 86:221-4. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin T. Górecki
- Institute of Zoology; Poznań University of Life Sciences; Poznań Poland
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13
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Armero E, Falagán A. A comparison of growth, carcass traits, and tissue composition of ‘Segureña’ lambs raised either in an extensive production system or an intensive one. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/an13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the performance of lambs of a Segureña local breed for growth, carcass traits and tissue composition when raised either in an extensive or an intensive production system to produce carcasses of ~11 kg. In the extensive system lambs (n = 21) were raised on pasture with salt-tolerant forages (bermudagrass hybrid and ryegrass Westerwold) and were unweaned. In the intensive system lambs (n = 24) were weaned at 45 days and reared in stalls with concentrate feeding. Extensive lambs, especially twins, showed lower growth rates during the total growing period. Male extensive lambs had higher proportions of full digestive tract and stomachs and lower commercial dressing percentages. Extensive lambs had a lower percentage of valuable body parts such as liver and tenderloin. In addition they showed a higher percentage of head, shoulder and neck; and poorer conformation scores. Furthermore, their carcasses had a higher percentage of bone and a lower percentage of muscle. Nevertheless, other aspects should be taken into account, such as meat quality and meat production cost, animal welfare and taking advantage of high salinity soil and water to grow these forages. An alternative system in which grazing is supplemented with concentrates should be evaluated in future research.
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Ripoll G, Alcalde M, Horcada A, Campo M, Sañudo C, Teixeira A, Panea B. Effect of slaughter weight and breed on instrumental and sensory meat quality of suckling kids. Meat Sci 2012; 92:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Caroprese M, Napolitano F, Boivin X, Albenzio M, Annicchiarico G, Sevi A. Development of affinity to the stockperson in lambs from two breeds. Physiol Behav 2011; 105:251-6. [PMID: 21903124 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between genetic and environmental factors on the development of lamb affinity to humans was assessed on 48 animals from two breeds (Gentile di Puglia and Comisana) and two treatments (Gentled and Not Gentled) producing 4 groups (GPg, GPng, Cg, Cng, respectively). The Gentile di Puglia and Comisana gentled animals were subjected to a period of training consisting of gently handling each lamb for 5 min three times a day for the first week and then twice a week for three additional weeks. The gentling procedure included both tactile and visual/auditory interactions. At 30-32 days of age lambs were subjected to three arena tests conducted in a novel environment: i) isolation test (each animal was exposed to a novel environment, and isolated from tactile and visual contact with conspecifics for 5 min), ii) stationary human test (as previously but a human sitting in a corner of the pen), and iii) pen-mates' test (each animal was tested in the presence of 2 pen-mates whose behaviour was not recorded). During the 13 training sessions lambs exhibited an increasing number of contacts with the human and a decreasing number of bleats (P<0.001), although Gentile di Puglia lambs interacted more with the human (P<0.001) and tended to bleat less (P<0.10) than Comisana lambs. Lambs vocalised more and climbed more when tested in isolation as compared with lambs tested either with the human or with the pen-mates (P<0.01) and they vocalised more in the presence of the human than with the pen-mates (P<0.001). A higher number of contacts with the human stimulus was observed in gentled animals (P<0.05). However, differences between gentled and not gentled animals were only significant in Gentile di Puglia subjects (P<0.01). GPng lambs displayed the longest ambulatory activity during the isolation test (P<0.05) and exhibited more climbing attempts during the isolation test as compared with the human or the pen-mates' tests (P<0.001). A higher cortisol level was shown by GPng lambs in comparison with Cng subjects during the stationary human test (P<0.01), whereas no differences were detected between the two gentled groups. Gentling determined an improvement of the quality of human animal relationship in more reactive breeds such as Gentile di Puglia sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caroprese
- Dipartimento PRIME, Università degli Studi di Foggia, via Napoli, 25, 71100 Foggia, Italy
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Comparison of conventional and organic management conditions on growth performance, carcass characteristics and haematological parameters in Karacabey Merino and Kivircik breeds. Trop Anim Health Prod 2010; 43:817-23. [PMID: 21161595 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-010-9768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Growth performance, carcass characteristics, post-slaughtering and haematological parameters of Kivircik and Karacabey Merino male lambs in conventional and organic management systems were compared. The animals which were weaned at 7 weeks of age were divided into Kivircik conventional, Kivircik organic (KO), Karacabey Merino conventional and Karacabey Merino organic (MO) groups containing 12 lambs each. Fattening was ended when lambs attained 35 kg of live weight. The time to attain the determined fattening weight was significantly different among the groups, and Merino lambs having higher live weight gain were earlier than Kivircik lambs (p < 0.05). Overall conventional (CG) and organic group lambs were also compared. Live weight gain, intra-abdominal fat amount, external fat thickness and visceral organ weight were significantly higher in CG lambs (p < 0.05). Higher haematocrit and erythrocyte counts were obtained with the CG group (p < 0.05), whilst triglyceride, total plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein (HDL, LDL, VLDL) levels between groups were not significant. Pneumonia was the unique infection, with an incidence of 50% (six lambs) and 16.6% (two lambs) for MO and KO animals, respectively. The mortality rate was 16.6% (two lambs) for MO group, whilst no mortality was recorded for KO group animals. The present study has shown that although Karacabey merino lambs had higher growth performance compared to Kivircik lambs, organically fattened lambs in whole exhibited inferior growth performance. Lower infection and mortality observed with Kivircik lambs suggested that they could be more resistant to infections and outdoor environmental conditions.
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Maiorano G, Ciarlariello A, Cianciullo D, Roychoudhury S, Manchisi A. Effect of suckling management on productive performance, carcass traits and meat quality of Comisana lambs. Meat Sci 2009; 83:577-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Maiorano G, Ciarlariello A, Cianciullo D, Manchisi A. Effect of suckling management on productive performance and carcass traits of Comisana lambs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2009. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Maiorano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell’Ambiente, Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonia Ciarlariello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell’Ambiente, Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Daniela Cianciullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell’Ambiente, Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Angelo Manchisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell’Ambiente, Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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19
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Carcass and meat quality of Assaf milk fed lambs: Effect of rearing system and sex. Meat Sci 2008; 80:225-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Revised: 11/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Napolitano F, De Rosa G, Sevi A. Welfare implications of artificial rearing and early weaning in sheep. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2007.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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22
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Barone C, Colatruglio P, Girolami A, Matassino D, Zullo A. Genetic type, sex, age at slaughter and feeding system effects on carcass and cut composition in lambs. Livest Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Osorio MT, Zumalacárregui JM, Figueira A, Mateo J. Physicochemical properties of perirenal and omental fat from suckling lamb carcasses evaluated according to the type of milk source. Small Rumin Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lanza M, Bella M, Priolo A, Barbagallo D, Galofaro V, Landi C, Pennisi P. Lamb meat quality as affected by a natural or artificial milk feeding regime. Meat Sci 2006; 73:313-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2005] [Revised: 07/13/2005] [Accepted: 12/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chronic stress in sheep: assessment tools and their use in different management conditions. Anim Welf 2004. [DOI: 10.1017/s0962728600028402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AbstractChronic stress occurs when animals are unable to deal with a persistent stressor with species-typical responses, or when several stressors are present concurrently. Chronic stress is most frequently considered in intensive systems, but it may also be a welfare concern for extensively managed species, such as the sheep. Here we review behavioural and physiological responses of sheep to experimentally induced chronic stressors to determine relevant indicators of chronic stress. Neuroendocrine responses to chronic stress are difficult to interpret because initial responses are followed by an apparent normalisation. Thus, cortisol or catecholamines may be at or below pre-stress levels during chronic stress, but this varies with different stressors. Chronic stress can also affect reproductive function, impair body and wool growth and meat quality, reduce immune function, and is associated with greater parasite burdens in sheep. Chronic stress induces alterations in behaviour patterns, particularly activity and feeding, and circadian rhythms of behaviour. Stereotypic behaviours, however, are infrequent in sheep and may occur only in experimental conditions of social isolation. Behavioural and physiological data suggest that rough handling and sheepdogs may be sources of chronic stress for sheep. Social subordination and weaning also act as chronic stressors, leading to higher parasitism in these animals and a greater response to additional stressors. Lameness and parasitism are associated with physiological and behavioural responses indicating that these are severe forms of chronic stress in sheep. It is unclear whether environmental stressors, such as weather and food availability, induce chronic stress in sheep. Under-nutrition may, however, be a welfare concern through its impact on lamb survival. The existence of many sources of chronic stress in the management of sheep suggests that the welfare of this species requires more attention than it has currently received.
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