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Chen H, Wang C, Huasai S, Chen A. Effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and rumen bacterial composition in Angus cows. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17023. [PMID: 34426627 PMCID: PMC8382751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96580-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio (F:C) on the body weight, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and rumen bacterial composition in Angus cows. Three diets with different F:C (LCD: 65:35, MCD:50:50, and HCD: 35:65) were fed to ninety Angus cows (3.2 ± 0.18 years old, 387.2 ± 22.6 kg). The average daily gain (ADG) and ammonia nitrogen concentration increased (P = 0.039 and P = 0.026, respectively), whereas the acetate to propionate ratio (P = 0.027) and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility decreased with increasing concentrate level. The acetate concentration and ruminal pH (P = 0.033 and P = 0.029, respectively) decreased by feeding HCD diet. Serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) increased under the HCD. The relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Fibrobacterota, Prevotella and Prevotellaceae UCG-003 decreased, whereas the relative abundances of Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group, Saccharofermentans and Spirochaetota increased with increasing dietary concentrate level. Our study provides a better understanding of rumen fermentation parameters and microbiota under a wide range of dietary F:C ratios, supporting the potential dietary manipulation of microbes, which could enhance feed digestibility associated with cow rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Chunjie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Simujide Huasai
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Aorigele Chen
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
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Liu H, Xu T, Xu S, Ma L, Han X, Wang X, Zhang X, Hu L, Zhao N, Chen Y, Pi L, Zhao X. Effect of dietary concentrate to forage ratio on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial diversity of Tibetan sheep under barn feeding on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7462. [PMID: 31404417 PMCID: PMC6686838 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to research the effects of different dietary concentrate to forage (C:F) ratio on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacteria diversity of barn feeding Tibetan sheep. The experiment contains fiver treatments (HS1, HS2 HS3, HS4 and HS5; n = 8, respectively) based on dietary C:F ratios 0:100, 15:85, 30:70, 45:55, and 60:40, respectively. The ruminal bacterial community structure was investigated through high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in V4 hypervariable region. The results showed that increasing dietary concentrate feed level from 0% to 60% exerted a positive effect on DMI, BW gain, gain rate and feed conversation ratio (FCR) in Tibetan sheep. The increases dietary concentrate feed level elevatedNH3-N, propionate and valerate concentrations, whereas, reduced molar ratio of acetate to propionate (A/P ratio) (P < 0.05). For rumen bacterial diversity, increases in dietary concentrate content contributed to lower alpha diversity indexes including Shannon wiener, Chao1 and observed species, meanwhile, significantly increased the abundances of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the genus Prevotella_1 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, increases dietary concentrate content improved the growth performance and Tibetan sheep fed diets of 45% concentrate obtained a better performance; the inclusion of concentrate in feed changed rumen fermentation from acetate fermentation to propionate fermentation, and improved the energy utilization efficiency of Tibetan sheep; the increased in concentrate content significantly reduced rumen bacteria diversity and changed the abundance of some core bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Liu
- Northwest Institue of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,University of Chinense Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianwei Xu
- Northwest Institue of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Shixiao Xu
- Northwest Institue of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China
| | - Li Ma
- Northwest Institue of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,University of Chinense Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Han
- Northwest Institue of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China.,University of Chinense Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Technology Extension Service of Animal Husbandry of Qinghai, Xining, China
| | - Xungang Wang
- Northwest Institue of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,University of Chinense Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Northwest Institue of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,University of Chinense Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linyong Hu
- Northwest Institue of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Northwest Institue of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Yongwei Chen
- Technology Extension Service of Animal Husbandry of Qinghai, Xining, China
| | - Li Pi
- Northwest Institue of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China
| | - Xinquan Zhao
- Northwest Institue of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
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Cherif M, Ben Salem H, Abidi S. Effect of the addition of Nigella sativa seeds to low or high concentrate diets on intake, digestion, blood metabolites, growth and carcass traits of Barbarine lamb. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chen GJ, Song SD, Wang BX, Zhang ZF, Peng ZL, Guo CH, Zhong JC, Wang Y. Effects of Forage:Concentrate Ratio on Growth Performance, Ruminal Fermentation and Blood Metabolites in Housing-feeding Yaks. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:1736-41. [PMID: 26580441 PMCID: PMC4647082 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of forage: concentrate ratio (F:C) on growth performance, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites of housing-feeding yaks. Thirty-two Maiwa male yaks (initial body weight = 207.99±3.31 kg) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (8 yaks per treatment). Experimental diets were: A, B, C, D which contained 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 and 40:60 F:C ratios, respectively. Dry matter intake and average daily gain in yaks fed the C and D diets were greater (p<0.05) than yaks fed the A and B diets. No differences were found in ruminal NH3-N, total volatile fatty acids, acetate, butyrate, valerate, and isovalerate concentrations. The propionate concentration was increased (p<0.05) in the C and D groups compared with the A and B diets. In contrast, the acetate to propionate ratio was decreased and was lowest (p<0.05) in the C group relative to the A and B diets, but was similar with the D group. For blood metabolites, no differences were found in serum concentrations of urea-N, albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase (p>0.05) among treatments. Treatment C had a higher concentration of total protein and high density lipoprotein (p<0.05) than A and B groups. In addition, there was a trend that the globulin concentration of A group was lower than other treatments (p = 0.079). Results from this study suggest that increasing the level of concentrate from 30% to 50% exerted a positive effect on growth performance, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in yaks.
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Giger-Reverdin S, Rigalma K, Desnoyers M, Sauvant D, Duvaux-Ponter C. Effect of concentrate level on feeding behavior and rumen and blood parameters in dairy goats: Relationships between behavioral and physiological parameters and effect of between-animal variability. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:4367-78. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Effect of feeding sorghum straw based complete rations with different roughage to concentrate ratio on dry matter intake, nutrient utilization, and nitrogen balance in Nellore ram lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 46:759-64. [PMID: 24585217 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0560-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted by feeding sorghum straw (Sorghum bicolor) based complete rations at roughage concentrate ratio 70:30 (CR-I), 60:40 (CR-II), 50:50 (CR-III), and 40:60 (CR-IV) for 180 days to find out suitable ratio of sorghum straw in the complete ration (mash form) on nutrient utilization and nitrogen balance in Nellore ram lambs. The DMI (g/day) increased significantly (P < 0.05) as level of concentrate increased in complete rations. No significant difference was found in digestibilities of proximate nutrients. However, CP digestibility was higher either significantly or nonsignificantly by 2.12, 5.50, and 9.36 %, respectively, in lambs fed with CR-II (P > 0.05), CR-III (P > 0.05), and CR-IV (P < 0.05) rations in comparison to lambs fed with CR-I ration. Furthermore, CP digestibility was higher by 7.09 and 3.66 % in lambs fed with CR-IV ration than those fed with CR-II (P < 0.05) and CR-III (P > 0.05) ration. The average CWC digestibility coefficients were comparable among four rations. The N intake (g/day) was significantly (P < 0.01) different and progressively increased by 31.46, 48.69, and 82.86 % in ram lambs fed with CR-II, CR-III, and CR-IV rations, respectively, in comparison to CR-I ration. The N balance (g/day) was higher either significantly or nonsignificantly by 34.46 (P > 0.05), 133.46 (P < 0.01), and 198.87 % (P < 0.01) with CR-II, CR-III, and CR-IV rations, respectively, in comparison to CR-I ration. Based on results, it is inferred that the level of sorghum straw in complete ration had no effect on digestibility of nutrients barring crude protein in Nellore ram lambs.
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Romero-Huelva M, Ramos-Morales E, Molina-Alcaide E. Nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation, microbial abundances, and milk yield and composition in dairy goats fed diets including tomato and cucumber waste fruits. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:6015-26. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sullivan K, Freeman S, van Heugten E, Ange-van Heugten K, Wolfe B, Poore MH. Impact of two types of complete pelleted, wild ungulate feeds and two pelleted feed to hay ratios on the development of urolithogenic compounds in meat goats as a model for giraffes. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2012; 97:566-76. [PMID: 22497558 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2012.01297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Urolith formation has been documented in giraffes and goats. As research in giraffes poses logistical challenges, 16 buck goats were used as a model. The impact of two commercially available, pelleted feeds used for giraffes, ADF-16 and Wild Herbivore (WH), as well as the impact of alfalfa hay and pellet proportions (20% hay:80% pellets, 80P or 80% hay:20% pellet, 20P) on the formation of urolithogenic precursors in goat urine was accomplished in a 2 × 2 factorial balance study. Complete diets contained 0.60, 0.32, 0.35 and 0.26% phosphorus (P) with calcium:P ratios of 1.60, 4.16, 3.06 and 5.23, for 80P-ADF-16, 20P-ADF-16, 80P-WH and 20P-WH respectively. Total faeces and urine were collected over two 5-day periods to assess N and mineral balance. Fresh urine samples were collected and evaluated microscopically for urolithic crystal content. Urinary nitrogen (N) was lower and N retention was higher in goats fed 80P diets (p < 0.05). Intake of P was greatest for goats fed 80P-ADF-16; however, urinary P excretion and P retention were not affected by treatment. Crystal scores were higher in animals receiving 80P diets (p = 0.08), with crystals being composed predominantly of calcium phosphate. Urine pH was alkaline (>8) for all treatments. Urinary P concentration, a risk factor for urolithiasis, was highest (p ≤ 0.06) in the 80P-ADF-16 treatment (0.38 vs. 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 mg/dl for 20P-ADF-16, 80P-WH and 20P-WH respectively), reflecting its highest dietary P level. Further investigation is recommended to determine the long-term effects of these diets on urolithogenic compound formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sullivan
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Serment A, Schmidely P, Giger-Reverdin S, Chapoutot P, Sauvant D. Effects of the percentage of concentrate on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, plasma metabolites, and milk composition in mid-lactation goats. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:3960-72. [PMID: 21787932 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-4041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the effects of the dietary percentage of concentrate on patterns of intake, the evolution of rumen fermentation characteristics and plasma metabolites after a meal, nutrient digestibility, and milk production and composition in a medium-term trial in dairy goats. These effects have been well studied in dairy cattle but seldom in goats. Thirteen ruminally and duodenally cannulated dairy goats (95±4 d in milk) fed ad libitum were used in this study. Goats were assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments: high-concentrate (70% concentrate on dry matter basis) or a low-concentrate (35%) total mixed rations. The experiment was conducted over a period of 10 wk, including 3 wk of adaption to the diets. Patterns of intake, rumen fermentation characteristics, and plasma metabolites after a meal and fatty acids profile of milk fat were compared at the onset and at the end of the experiment. The increase in dietary percentage of concentrate decreased rumen pH, acetate to propionate ratio, ammonia-N concentration, and plasma urea concentration. The percentage of concentrate did not affect total volatile fatty acid concentrations. The high-concentrate diet increased the rate of intake during the morning meal at the onset of the experiment, whereas it decreased total dry matter intake and the rate of intake during the morning meal at the end of the experiment. The high-concentrate diet resulted in greater organic matter digestibility. Raw milk yield and protein yield were greater in goats fed the high-concentrate diet, whereas fat yield was not affected by dietary treatments. The milk fat content was lower in goats fed the high-concentrate diet. Proportions of the trans-C18:1 isomer relative to total fatty acids in milk were higher with the high-concentrate diet, but no modification of the proportion of total trans-C18:1 was detected, in particular no shift from trans-11 C18:1 to trans-10 C18:1 was observed. Further, the isomer trans-10,cis-12 C18:2 was not detected. Data from this study could be used for a new modeling approach or to improve existing models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Serment
- AgroParisTech, UMR791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France.
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Turner K, Wildeus S, Collins J. Performance and nutrient utilization in purebred Spanish and Boer×Spanish and Kiko×Spanish genetic types of goats offered alfalfa hay with corn supplementation. Small Rumin Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Effects of grass silage harvesting time and level of concentrate supplementation on nutrient digestibility and dairy goat performance. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Forage to concentrate ratio in Jonica breed goats: influence on lactation curve and milk composition. J DAIRY RES 2009; 76:124-8. [PMID: 19152715 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029908003841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the work is to evaluate the effects of different forage to concentrate rations on milk yield, composition and renneting properties of milk of Jonica breed goats. Twenty-four Jonica goats received diets with forage to concentrate ratio of 35/65, 50/50 or 65/35, providing respectively a low, medium and high energy level. Goats were divided into three homogenous groups and confined in individual pens for 152 days to assess the daily feed intake and milk yield and composition. The main conclusions show that animal body weight did not change significantly with the increasing levels of forage, whereas significant differences (P<0.05) for daily dry matter intake were observed in relation to the evolution of lactation. Milk production was influenced (P<0.05) by dietary treatments and was higher in the diet with the greatest energy level. Forage to concentrate ratios did not significantly affect milk characteristics, milk renneting properties, initial production, rate of increase until reaching the peak and rate of decline after peak production. However, the day of peak production and peak production of goats were linearly reduced when the level of forage increased within the diet. In conclusion, the results indicate that both forage to concentrate ratio and energy level improve goat's production without influencing the milk composition.
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Cantalapiedra-Hijar G, Yáñez-Ruiz DR, Martín-García AI, Molina-Alcaide E. Effects of forage:concentrate ratio and forage type on apparent digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and microbial growth in goats1. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:622-31. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Turner K, Wildeus S, Collins J. Intake, performance, and blood parameters in young goats offered high forage diets of lespedeza or alfalfa hay. Small Rumin Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2004.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Haddad S. Effect of dietary forage:concentrate ratio on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing Baladi kids. Small Rumin Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2004.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Effects of ruminally degraded nitrogen source and level in a high concentrate diet on site of digestion in yearling Boer × Spanish wether goats. Small Rumin Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0921-4488(03)00120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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