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Chatterjee S, Das A, Paul D, Chakraborty S, Choudhury P. Utilization of fleshing waste of leather processing for the growth of zygomycetes: A new substrate for economical production of bio-polymer chitosan. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 343:118141. [PMID: 37245305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A simple scalable method has been developed to obtain protein hydrolysate from fleshing waste generated during leather processing. UV-Vis, FTIR and Solid State C13 NMR analyses identified that prepared protein hydrolysate is basically collagen hydrolysate. DLS and MALDI-TOF-MS spectra indicated that the prepared protein hydrolysate is mostly comprised of di- and tri-peptides and less poly-dispersed than the standard commercial product. A combination of 0.3% Yeast extract, 1% Protein Hydrolysate (PHz) and 2% Glucose is found to be the most efficient nutrient composition for the fermentative growth of three well-known chitosan producing zygomycetes group of fungi. Mucor sp. showed highest yield of biomass (2.74 g/L) as well as chitosan (335 mg/L). Biomass and chitosan yield for Rhizopus oryzae were found 1.53 g/L; 239 mg/L. Same for Absidia coerulea were 2.05 g/L and 212 mg/L, respectively. This work shows promising prospect of utilization of fleshing waste of leather processing for the low-cost production of industrially important biopolymer chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Chatterjee
- Regional Center Kolkata, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute 3/1C, Matheswar Tala Road, Kolkata, 700046, India.
| | - Ashmita Das
- Regional Center Kolkata, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute 3/1C, Matheswar Tala Road, Kolkata, 700046, India
| | - Debasmita Paul
- Regional Center Kolkata, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute 3/1C, Matheswar Tala Road, Kolkata, 700046, India
| | - Sayan Chakraborty
- Regional Center Kolkata, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute 3/1C, Matheswar Tala Road, Kolkata, 700046, India
| | - Poushali Choudhury
- Regional Center Kolkata, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute 3/1C, Matheswar Tala Road, Kolkata, 700046, India
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2
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Githua KK, Maitho TE, Nguta JM, Okumu MO. Studies on the ethnopharmacology, antimicrobial activity, and toxicity of Catha edulis (Vahl.) Endl., in Sprague Dawley rats. F1000Res 2022; 11:286. [PMID: 37767078 PMCID: PMC10521044 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.109243.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Mbeere South community of Embu County consume leaves of Catha edulis for its stimulant and euphoretic actions. Other indigenous uses of the plant are undocumented. Information on the pharmacology and safety of this plant is also scanty. This study aimed to document the ethnopharmacology, antimicrobial properties, and toxicity of C. edulis leaves collected from the Mbeere South community in Kenya. Methods: Ethnopharmacological data was collected from 35 informants using semi-structured questionnaires. Leaf extracts of C. edulis were prepared using acetone, water, and methanol. The antimicrobial properties of these extracts were evaluated against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The toxicity of the aqueous extract was determined using hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters in male and female Sprague Dawley rats at 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg doses over 28 days. p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: All informants were male, most were married, >50 years old, with >10 years of experience. The sources, local names, preparation, storage conditions, indications, frequency of use, dosage, and side effects of C. edulis were documented. All extracts were ineffective against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. They had limited efficacy against B. cereus and S. aureus. Significant differences were observed in the hematological and biochemical parameters of rats at the tested doses. Low, intermediate, and high doses of the aqueous extract of C. edulis produced local congestion of the cardiac and hepatic vessels. Localized interstitial connective tissue proliferation, multifocal kidney interstitial hemorrhage, and localized tubular epithelium necrosis were also observed in female rats. Conclusions: The ethnobotanical uses of C. edulis among the Mbeere South community were documented for the first time. Limited antimicrobial efficacy and toxicity at high doses limit the use of leaves of C. edulis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kariuki Githua
- Health, County Government of Embu, Embu, Embu, +254, Kenya
- Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Nairobi, 254, Kenya
| | - Timothy Elias Maitho
- Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Nairobi, 254, Kenya
| | - Joseph Mwanzia Nguta
- Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Nairobi, 254, Kenya
| | - Mitchel Otieno Okumu
- Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Nairobi, 254, Kenya
- Pharmacy, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu, Kisumu, +254, Kenya
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3
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Chitosan Production by Fungi: Current State of Knowledge, Future Opportunities and Constraints. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Conventionally, the commercial supply of chitin and chitosan relies on shellfish wastes as the extraction sources. However, the fungal sources constitute a valuable option, especially for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, due to the batch-to-batch unsteady properties of chitin and chitosan from conventional ones. Fungal production of these glycans is not affected by seasonality enables accurate process control and, consequently, more uniform properties of the obtained product. Moreover, liquid and solid production media often are derived from wastes, thus enabling the application of circular economy criteria and improving the process economics. The present review deals with fungal chitosan production processes focusing on waste-oriented and integrated production processes. In doing so, contrary to other reviews that used a genus-specific approach for organizing the available information, the present one bases the discussion on the bioprocess typology. Finally, the main process parameters affecting chitosan production and their interactions are critically discussed.
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Sakr EAE, Massoud MI, Ragaee S. Food wastes as natural sources of lactic acid bacterial exopolysaccharides for the functional food industry: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:232-241. [PMID: 34428487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) synthesized by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), have recently received much interest because of their various functional features in several industries. Food wastes (FWs) have become a major source of worry, as they can cause serious environmental contamination if improperly disposed. The utilization of these FWs is an excellent choice (approach) for producing value-added products such as EPSs, which will efficiently remediate wastes. The overall EPSs yield for the selected producers is strain-specific, and is heavily influenced by the nutritional and growing conditions used. This review emphasizes what is currently known about LAB's ability to generate economically relevant EPSs from FWs. In addition, a concise overview of the food industry, packaging, pharmaceutical and clinical applications application is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtehag A E Sakr
- Botany Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mona I Massoud
- Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt
| | - Sanaa Ragaee
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Canada
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5
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Chatterjee S, Guha AK, Chatterjee BP. Evaluation of quantity and quality of chitosan produce from Rhizopus oryzae by utilizing food product processing waste whey and molasses. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 251:109565. [PMID: 31557669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low cost whey salt medium (WSM) and molasses salt medium (MSM) have been constructed utilizing food processing byproduct whey and molasses for the production of bio-polysaccharide chitosan from Rhizopus oryzae and subsequently comprehensive physico-chemical characterization of the fungal chitosan has been carried out using various analytical tools to apprehend its biochemical utility. Same has been repeated with chitosan from conventional potato dextrose broth (PDB) for comparison purpose. The yields of chitosan in three different media were 0.62 (WSM), 0.39 (MSM) and 0.63 (PDB) g/L respectively. Molecular weights of the chitosans were in the range of 100-300 kDa. WSM-chitosan and MSM-chitosan were less polydispersed, possessed more hydrated polymorph and loose crystal packing than PDB-chitosan. This indicate that WSM-chitosan and MSM-chitosan are highly exposed to the external reagent hence more reactive to the external reagents with compare to PDB-chitosan. Literature suggest isolated chitosans are useful for specific drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Chatterjee
- RCED-Kolkata, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Kolkata, 700046, India.
| | - Arun K Guha
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Bishnu P Chatterjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
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Kosakai T, Kato H, Sho C, Kawano K, Iwai KI, Takase Y, Ogawa K, Nishiyama K, Yamasaki M. Dietary fermented products using koji mold and sweet potato- shochu distillery by-product promotes hepatic and serum cholesterol levels and modulates gut microbiota in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7671. [PMID: 31565580 PMCID: PMC6745188 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that fermented products (FPs) prepared from sweet potato-shochu distillery by-product suppressed weight gain and decreased serum cholesterol levels in mice under normal dietary conditions. Furthermore, from the information gained from the above data regarding health benefits of the FPs, the aim of this study was evaluating the effects of dietary FPs on lipid accumulation and gut microbiota in mice with or without cholesterol-load in the diet. C57BL/6N mice were fed normal (CO) diet, CO with 10% FPs (CO + FPs) diet, cholesterol loaded (HC) diet, or HC with 10% FPs (HC + FPs) diet for 8 weeks. The mice were then euthanized, and blood samples, tissue samples, and feces were collected. The adipose tissue weight and liver triglyceride levels in the HC + FPs diet groups were significantly reduced compared to that in the HC diet groups. However, FPs significantly increased the serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, the ratio of non-HDL-C to HDL-C and hepatic total cholesterol levels in mice fed cholesterol-loaded diet compared with that of the HC diet group. Since dietary FPs significantly decreased the protein expression levels of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase 1 in the HC + FPs diet groups, the cholesterol accumulation in FPs group may be explained by insufficient catabolism from cholesterol to bile acid. In addition, the dietary FPs tended to increase Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa, which are butyrate-producing bacteria. Related to the result, n-butyrate was significantly increased in the CO + FPs and the HC + FPs diet groups compared to their respective control groups. These findings suggested that dietary FPs modulated the lipid pool and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Kosakai
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Kirishima Shuzo Co., Ltd., Miyakonojo, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kato
- Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Cho Sho
- Kirishima Shuzo Co., Ltd., Miyakonojo, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Ken-Ichi Iwai
- Kirishima Shuzo Co., Ltd., Miyakonojo, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Kenjiro Ogawa
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nishiyama
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masao Yamasaki
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Sebastian J, Rouissi T, Brar SK, Hegde K, Verma M. Microwave-assisted extraction of chitosan from Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 1526 biomass. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 219:431-440. [PMID: 31151544 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of chitosan from dried fungal biomass of Rhizopus oryzae NRRL1526, obtained by culturing on potato dextrose broth (PDB), was performed and the optimal conditions required were identified using statistical analysis for the first time in this study. This microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was compared against the conventional autoclave assisted method of chitosan extraction. The full factorial experimental design was used to investigate the impact of operating parameters of MAE, microwave power (100 W-500 W), and duration (10 min-30 min), on alkaline insoluble material (AIM) yield, chitosan yield, and degree of deacetylation (DDA). The effect of operating conditions was then evaluated using full factorial data analysis and optimum condition for MAE of chitosan was identified using response surface methodology to be 300 W and 22 min. This optimum condition identified was then further evaluated and the chitosan obtained characterized. Higher chitosan yield of 13.43 ± 0.3% (w/w) of fungal biomass was obtained when compared to that obtained, 6.67% ± 0.3% (w/w) of dry biomass, for the conventional extraction process. MAE yielded chitosan of higher degree of deacetylation, 94.6 ± 0.9% against 90.6 ± 0.5% (conventional heating), but the molecular weight was observed to be similar to that obtained by using conventional autoclave heating. MAE of chitosan was observed to yield a higher quantity of chitosan when compared to conventional extraction process and obtained chitosan exhibited a higher degree of deacetylation as well as molecular weight. The lower energy consumption of 0.11 kW h for MAE (5 kW h for conventional process) and the concomitant reduction in the energy bill to 1.1 cents from 50 cents, in addition to the above results, show that microwave irradiation is a more efficient and environment-friendly means to obtain chitosan from fungal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sebastian
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Tarek Rouissi
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada; Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Krishnamoorthy Hegde
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Mausam Verma
- Institut de recherche et de développement en agroenvironnement (IRDA), 2700 Rue Einstein, Québec, QC G1P 3W8, Canada
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8
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Xu L, Zhou M, Ju H, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Sun C. Enterobacter aerogenes metabolites enhance Microcystis aeruginosa biomass recovery for sustainable bioflocculant and biohydrogen production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:488-496. [PMID: 29635192 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a recycling bioresource involving harvesting of Microcystis aeruginosa using the bioflocculant (MBF-32) produced by Enterobacter aerogenes followed by the recovery of the harvested M. aeruginosa as the main substrate for the sustainable production of MBF-32 and biohydrogen. The experimental results indicate that the efficiency of bioflocculation exceeded 90% under optimal conditions. The harvested M. aeruginosa was further recycled as the main substrate for the supply of necessary elements. The highest yield (3.6±0.1g/L) of MBF-32 could be obtained from 20g/L of wet biomass of M. aeruginosa with an additional 20g/L of glucose as the extra carbon source. The highest yield of biohydrogen was 35mL of H2/g (dw) algal biomass, obtained from 20g/L of wet biomass of M. aeruginosa with an additional 10g/L of glycerol. Transcriptome analyses indicated that MBF-32 was mainly composed of polysaccharide and tyrosine/tryptophan proteins. Furthermore, NADH synthase and polysaccharide export-related genes were found to be up-regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, NO. 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Mo Zhou
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, NO. 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Hanyu Ju
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, NO. 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, NO. 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, NO. 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Caiyun Sun
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, NO. 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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Ghosh Ray S, Ghangrekar MM. Comprehensive review on treatment of high-strength distillery wastewater in advanced physico-chemical and biological degradation pathways. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13762-018-1786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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10
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Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is among the major food crops in the world and is cultivated in all tropical and subtropical regions particularly in Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. Asia and Africa regions account for 95% of the world's production. Among the root and tuber crops grown in the world, sweet potato ranks second after cassava. In previous decades, sweet potato represented food and feed security, now it offers income generation possibilities, through bioprocessing products. Bioprocessing of sweet potato offers novel opportunities to commercialize this crop by developing a number of functional foods and beverages such as sour starch, lacto-pickle, lacto-juice, soy sauce, acidophilus milk, sweet potato curd and yogurt, and alcoholic drinks through either solid state or submerged fermentation. Sweet potato tops, especially leaves are preserved as hay or silage. Sweet potato flour and bagassae are used as substrates for production of microbial protein, enzymes, organic acids, monosodium glutamate, chitosan, etc. Additionally, sweet potato is a promising candidate for production of bioethanol. This review deals with the development of various products from sweet potato by application of bioprocessing technology. To the best of our knowledge, there is no review paper on the potential impacts of the sweet potato bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly Farag El Sheikha
- a Department of Biology , McMaster University , Hamilton Ontario , Canada.,b Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Science and Technology , Minufiya University, Minufiya Government , Egypt.,c Regional Centre, Central Tuber Crops Research Institute , Bhubaneswar , India
| | - Ramesh C Ray
- c Regional Centre, Central Tuber Crops Research Institute , Bhubaneswar , India
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11
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Taoka Y, Nagano N, Kai H, Hayashi M. Degradation of Distillery Lees ( Shochu kasu) by Cellulase-Producing Thraustochytrids. J Oleo Sci 2017; 66:31-40. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Taoka
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
| | - Naoki Nagano
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
| | - Hiroyuki Kai
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
| | - Masahiro Hayashi
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
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12
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Babu AG, Kim SW, Adhikari M, Yadav DR, Um YH, Kim C, Lee HB, Lee YS. A New Record of Gongronella butleri Isolated in Korea. MYCOBIOLOGY 2015; 43:166-169. [PMID: 26190925 PMCID: PMC4505006 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2015.43.2.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the isolation of a Gongronella butleri species and describe it based on the analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA and morphological characteristics. G. butleri has been reported as a high chitosan producer in the literature. This is the first record of G. butleri isolated from crop field soil in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giridhar Babu
- Division of Bioresource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Division of Bioresource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Mahesh Adhikari
- Division of Bioresource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Dil Raj Yadav
- Division of Bioresource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Um
- Division of Bioresource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Changmu Kim
- Microorganisms Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 404-708, Korea
| | - Hyang Burm Lee
- Division of Applied Bioresources and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Youn Su Lee
- Division of Bioresource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
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13
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Vendruscolo F, Ninow JL. Apple pomace as a substrate for fungal chitosan production in an airlift bioreactor. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Yuliani E, Imai T, Teeka J, Tomita S, Suprayogi. Exopolysaccharide Production from Sweet Potato-ShochuDistillery Wastewater byLactobacillus SakeiCY1. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2011.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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15
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Vaingankar PN, Juvekar AR. Fermentative Production of Mycelial Chitosan from Zygomycetes: Media Optimization and Physico-Chemical Characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2014.512108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Hirata M, Tsuge K, Jayakody LN, Urano Y, Sawada K, Inaba S, Nagao K, Kitagaki H. Structural determination of glucosylceramides in the distillation remnants of shochu, the Japanese traditional liquor, and its production by Aspergillus kawachii. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:11473-11482. [PMID: 23145483 DOI: 10.1021/jf303117e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Shochu is traditional Japanese liquor produced from various crops and fungi Aspergillus kawachi or A. awamorii . The amount of unutilized shochu distillation remnants is increasing because of the recent prohibition of ocean dumping of these remnants. In this Article, we first describe the structures of glucosylceramides contained in shochu distillation remnants by fragment ion analysis using ESI-tandem mass spectrometry. Shochu distillation remnant produced from barley contained glucosylceramides d18:2/C16:0h, d18:2/C20:0h, d19:2/C18:1h, and d18:2/C18:0h. Koji (barley fermented with A. kawachii) contained the same glucosylceramides. Shochu distillation remnants produced from rice contained glucosylceramides d18:2/C18:0h and d19:2/C18:1h. The culture broth of A. kawachii contained glucosylceramides d19:2/C18:1h and d19:2/C18:0h. These results indicate that the glucosylceramides contained in crops and those produced by A. kawachii transfer through the processes of fermentation with yeast and distillation to the shochu distillation remnant. This information will enable utilization of shochu distillation remnants and koji as novel sources of sphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyo Hirata
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga City, Saga 840-8502, Japan
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Dhillon GS, Kaur S, Brar SK, Verma M. Green synthesis approach: extraction of chitosan from fungus mycelia. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2012; 33:379-403. [PMID: 23078670 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2012.717217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan, copolymer of glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine is mainly derived from chitin, which is present in cell walls of crustaceans and some other microorganisms, such as fungi. Chitosan is emerging as an important biopolymer having a broad range of applications in different fields. On a commercial scale, chitosan is mainly obtained from crustacean shells rather than from the fungal sources. The methods used for extraction of chitosan are laden with many disadvantages. Alternative options of producing chitosan from fungal biomass exist, in fact with superior physico-chemical properties. Researchers around the globe are attempting to commercialize chitosan production and extraction from fungal sources. Chitosan extracted from fungal sources has the potential to completely replace crustacean-derived chitosan. In this context, the present review discusses the potential of fungal biomass resulting from various biotechnological industries or grown on negative/low cost agricultural and industrial wastes and their by-products as an inexpensive source of chitosan. Biologically derived fungal chitosan offers promising advantages over the chitosan obtained from crustacean shells with respect to different physico-chemical attributes. The different aspects of fungal chitosan extraction methods and various parameters having an effect on the yield of chitosan are discussed in detail. This review also deals with essential attributes of chitosan for high value-added applications in different fields.
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Nwe N, Furuike T, Tamura H. Production, Properties and Applications of Fungal Cell Wall Polysaccharides: Chitosan and Glucan. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Furuta Y, Maruoka N, Nakamura A, Omori T, Sonomoto K. Utilization of Fermented Barley Extract Obtained from a By-product of Barley Shochu for Nisin Production. J Biosci Bioeng 2008; 106:393-7. [DOI: 10.1263/jbb.106.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Nwe N, Stevens WF, Tokura S, Tamura H. Characterization of chitosan and chitosan–glucan complex extracted from the cell wall of fungus Gongronella butleri USDB 0201 by enzymatic method. Enzyme Microb Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yamasaki T, Aki T, Shinozaki M, Taguchi M, Kawamoto S, Ono K. Utilization of Shochu distillery wastewater for production of polyunsaturated fatty acids and xanthophylls using thraustochytrid. J Biosci Bioeng 2006; 102:323-7. [PMID: 17116579 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.102.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The industrial production of barley shochu, a distilled alcoholic beverage, results in distillery waste that is currently incinerated or disposed of in landfills, causing environmental pollution. The supernatant of distillery waste contains organic matter such as proteins ( approximately 2.5%) and amino acids ( approximately 0.2%). This study demonstrates that the utilization of distillery wastewater as a sole nitrogen source enables a marine thraustochytrid, Schizochytrium sp. strain KH105, to propagate and accumulate valuable lipids including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and astaxanthin. Under optimized culture conditions, the highest DHA and astaxanthin yields were obtained at 3.4 g/l and 7.7 mg/l, respectively, after 4 or 5 d of cultivation in a 3-l jar fermentor. The chemical oxygen demand of the wastewater was reduced by 35%. About 67% of crude protein content and 85% of total free amino acid content also decreased in the culture supernatant. The thraustochytrid therefore serves to upgrade the distillery by-product to one containing value-added lipids for functional foods as well as to regulate the environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamasaki
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sasebo National College of Technology, 1-1 Okishinmachi, Sasebo, Nagasaki 857-1193, Japan
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Rabea EI, El Badawy M, Rogge TM, Stevens CV, Steurbaut W, Höfte M, Smagghe G. Enhancement of fungicidal and insecticidal activity by reductive alkylation of chitosan. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2006; 62:890-7. [PMID: 16847817 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of N-alkyl chitosan (NAC) derivatives were synthesized using a reductive alkylation reaction to examine their fungicidal and insecticidal activity. The chemical structures were characterized by IR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and the degree of substitution (DS) ranged from 0.02 to 0.37. Their fungicidal activity was evaluated against the grey mould Botrytis cinerea Pers ex Fr (Leotiales: Sclerotiniaceae) and the rice leaf blast pathogen Pyricularia grisea Sacc [Teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr] by a radial growth bioassay. It was of interest that most of the NAC derivatives were more active against both fungi than chitosan itself. The most active derivative was N-(2,2-diphenylethyl)chitosan with EC50 values of 0.031 and 0.23 g L(-1) against B. cinerea and P. grisea respectively. In addition, some derivatives, at higher concentrations up to 1.0 g L(-1), inhibited the mycelial growth and spore formation of P. grisea. Bioassays against larvae of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with the NAC derivatives at a rate of 5.0 g kg(-1) in artificial diet demonstrated that N-(3-phenylbutyl)chitosan was the most active compound. In addition, N-propylchitosan, N-undecanylchitosan and N-(3-phenylpropyl)chitosan derivatives strongly inhibited larval weight gain in S. littoralis, with respective reductions of 76, 66 and 65% after 4 days of feeding on treated diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entsar I Rabea
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Amorim R, Ledingham W, Kennedy J, Campos-Takaki G. Chitosan fromSyncephalastrum racemosumUsing Sugar Cane Substrates as Inexpensive Carbon Sources. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430500524028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rabea EI, Badawy MEI, Rogge TM, Stevens CV, Höfte M, Steurbaut W, Smagghe G. Insecticidal and fungicidal activity of new synthesized chitosan derivatives. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2005; 61:951-60. [PMID: 15999339 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan, the N-deacetylated derivative of chitin, is a potential biopolysaccharide owing to its specific structure and properties. In this paper, we report on the synthesis of 24 new chitosan derivatives, N-alkyl chitosans (NAC) and N-benzyl chitosans (NBC), that are soluble in dilute aqueous acetic acid. The different derivatives were synthesized by reductive amination and analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. A high degree of substitution (DS) was obtained with N-(butyl)chitosan (DS 0.36) at a 1:1 mole ratio for NAC derivatives and N-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)chitosan (DS 0.52) for NBC derivatives. Their insecticidal and fungicidal activities were tested against larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the grey mould Botrytis cinerea Pers (Leotiales: Sclerotiniaceae) and the rice leaf blast Pyricularia grisea Cavara (Teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr). The oral feeding bioassay indicated that all the derivatives had significant insecticidal activity at 5 g kg(-1) in artificial diet. The most active was N-(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)chitosan, which caused 100% mortality at 0.625 g kg(-1), with an estimated LC50 of 0.32 g kg(-1). Treated larvae ceased feeding after 2-3 days; the mechanism of action remains unknown. In a radial hyphal growth bioassay with both plant pathogens, all derivatives showed a higher fungicidal action than chitosan. N-Dodecylchitosan, N-(p-isopropylbenzyl)chitosan and N-(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)chitosan were the most active against B cinerea, with EC50 values of 0.57, 0.57 and 0.52 g litre(-1), respectively. Against P grisea, N-(m-nitrobenzyl)chitosan was the most active, with 77% inhibition at 5 g litre(-1). The effect of different substitutions is discussed in relation to insecticidal and fungicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entsar I Rabea
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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Badawy MEI, Rabea EI, Rogge TM, Stevens CV, Smagghe G, Steurbaut W, Höfte M. Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of New N,O-Acyl Chitosan Derivatives. Biomacromolecules 2004; 5:589-95. [PMID: 15003025 DOI: 10.1021/bm0344295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel N,O-acyl chitosan (NOAC) derivatives were synthesized to examine their fungicidal activity against the gray mould fungus Botrytis cinerea (Leotiales: Sclerotiniaceae) and the rice leaf blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae (Teleomorph: Magnaporth grisea). The fungicidal activity was evaluated by the radial growth bioassay. NOAC derivatives were more active against the two plant pathogens than chitosan itself, and the effect was concentration dependent. Against B. cinerea, 4-chlorobutyryl chitosan (EC50=0.043%), decanoyl chitosan (EC50=0.044%), cinnamoyl chitosan (EC50=0.045%), and p-methoxybenzoyl chitosan (EC50=0.050%) were the most active (12-13-fold more active than chitosan). (Un)-substituted benzoyl chitosan derivatives were more active against B. cinerea than most of these with N,O-alkyl derivatives. Against P. oryzae chitosan derivatives with lauroyl, methoxy acetyl, methacryloyl and decanoyl were the most active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E I Badawy
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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Abstract
AIMS The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the chitosans produced by several species of fungi. METHODS AND RESULTS Representatives of four species of filamentous fungi, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae, Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus sajo-caju, and two yeast strains, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii TISTR5058 and Candida albicans TISTR5239, were investigated for their ability to produce chitosan in complex media. Fungal chitosan was produced at 10-140 mg g-1 cell dry weight, had a degree of deacetylation of 84-90% and a molecular weight of 2.7 x 104-1.9 x 105 Da with a viscosity of 3.1-6.2 centipoises (cP). CONCLUSIONS Rhizopus oryzae TISTR3189 was found to be the producer of the highest amounts of chitosan. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Commercial chitosan could be obtained from Rhizopus mycelia and would have potential applications for medical and agricultural uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pochanavanich
- Department of Microbiology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
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Production of γ-aminobutyric acid from alcohol distillery lees by Lactobacillus brevis IFO-12005. J Biosci Bioeng 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(02)80061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Phaechamud T, Koizumi T, Ritthidej GC. Chitosan citrate as film former: compatibility with water-soluble anionic dyes and drug dissolution from coated tablet. Int J Pharm 2000; 198:97-111. [PMID: 10722954 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(99)00460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan citrate solution containing 25% w/w propylene glycol was prepared and tested for its compatibility with some water soluble anionic dyes. The immiscibility between erythrosine, ponceau 4R, sunset yellow or tartrazine solutions and chitosan citrate solution was evident. The Fourier transform-infrared spectra revealed charged interaction between anionic dye and chitosan. Brilliant blue and green FS at concentration of 0.02-1.00% w/w polymer could be miscible with chitosan citrate solution due to the decrease in charge interaction by the positive charge on molecule of brilliant blue, which was also the composition in green FS. Propranolol HCl tablets coated with these colored film-coating solutions exhibited good appearance and no color migration. Drug dissolution from coated tablets was pH dependent, corresponding to the ability of chitosan to protonate in the medium. Color incorporation slightly retarded drug dissolution in acidic medium. Drug dissolved from coated tablet colored with brilliant blue was faster than from that colored with green FS. This was because brilliant blue had positive charge and more SO(3)H groups on its molecular structure, and exhibited higher water solubility. Accelerated condition could alter dissolution characteristics, and the Td+t(0) value from curve fitting between the dissolution profiles and Weibull equation was increased. However, drug dissolution from freshly prepared coated tablets, coated tablets after exposure to accelerated condition and after storage at room temperature for 12 months conformed to the monograph in USP XXIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Phaechamud
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Fujita M, Ike M, Tachibana S, Kitada G, Kim SM, Inoue Z. Characterization of a bioflocculant produced by Citrobacter sp. TKF04 from acetic and propionic acids. J Biosci Bioeng 2000; 89:40-6. [PMID: 16232696 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(00)88048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/1999] [Accepted: 10/04/1999] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bacterial strain, TKF04, capable of producing a bioflocculant from acetic and/or propionic acids was isolated from a biofilm formed in inside a kitchen drain. It was identified as a Citrobacter based on its morphological and physiological characteristics and the partial sequences of its 16S rRNA. TKF04 produced the bioflocculant during the logarithmic phase of growth, and the optimum temperature and pH for the bioflocculant production were 30 degrees C and 7.2-10.0, respectively. It could utilize some organic acids and sugars for its growth as the sole carbon sources when yeast extract was supplemented; however, only acetate and propionate were found to be good substrates for the bioflocculant production. The crude bioflocculant could be recovered from the supernatant of the culture broth by ethanol precipitation and dialysis against deionized water. It was found to be effective for flocculation of a kaolin suspension, when added at a final concentration of 1-10 mg/l, over a wide range of pHs (2-8) and temperatures (approximately 3-95 degrees C), while the co-presence of cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Al3+ or Fe3+) did not enhance the flocculating activity. It could efficiently flocculate a variety of inorganic and organic suspended particles, including kaolin, diatomite, bentonite, activated carbon, soil and activated sludge. It contained glucosamine as the major component, and the molecular weight was estimated to be between 232 and 440 kDa by gel filtration. The observation that the flocculating activity was completely lost following chitinase treatment and its analysis with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer suggested that the bioflocculant is a biopolymer structurally-similar to chitin or chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fujita
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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