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Naumov GI, Shalamitskiy MY, Martynenko NN, Naumova ES. Molecular phylogeny of pectinase genes PGU in the yeast genus Saccharomyces. Microbiology (Reading) 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261716060163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Naumov GI, Shalamitskiy MY, Naumova ES. New family of pectinase genes PGU1b-PGU3b of the pectinolytic yeast Saccharomyces bayanus var. uvarum. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2016; 467:89-91. [PMID: 27193705 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672916020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Using yeast genome databases and literature data, we have conducted a phylogenetic analysis of pectinase PGU genes from Saccharomyces strains assigned to the biological species S. arboricola, S. bayanus (var. uvarum), S. cariocanus, S. cerevisiae, S. kudriavzevii, S. mikatae, S. paradoxus, and hybrid taxon S. pastorianus (syn. S. carlsbergensis). Single PGU genes were observed in all Saccharomyces species, except S. bayanus. The superfamily of divergent PGU genes has been documented in S. bayanus var. uvarum for the first time. Chromosomal localization of new PGU1b, PGU2b, and PGU3b genes in the yeast S. bayanus var. uvarum has been determined by molecular karyotyping and Southern hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- G I Naumov
- State Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Pervyi Dorozhnyi proezd 1, Moscow, 117545, Russia.
| | - M Yu Shalamitskiy
- State Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Pervyi Dorozhnyi proezd 1, Moscow, 117545, Russia.,All-Russian National Research Institute of Vine and Winemaking "Magarach", Russian Academy of Sciences, Yalta, 298600, Russia
| | - E S Naumova
- State Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Pervyi Dorozhnyi proezd 1, Moscow, 117545, Russia
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Shalamitskiy MY, Naumov GI. Identification and polymorphism of pectinase genes PGU in the Saccharomyces bayanus complex. RUSS J GENET+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795416050100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gognies S, Bahkali A, Moslem M, Belarbi A. Use of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae endopolygalacturonase promoter to direct expression in Escherichia coli. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 39:1023-9. [PMID: 22366768 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an endopolygalacturonase encoded by the PGL1 gene catalyzes the random hydrolysis of the α-1,4 glycosidic linkages in polygalacturonic acid. To study the regulation of the PGL1 gene, we constructed a reporter vector containing the lacZ gene under the control of PGL1 promoter. Surprisingly, when Escherichia coli DH5α was transformed by this vector, cells harboring the constructed plasmid produced blue colonies. Sequence analysis of this promoter revealed that E. coli consensus sequences required to express an in-frame lacZ alpha product were present. We next decided to investigate how the PGL1 promoter is regulated in E. coli compared to yeast. In this study, we examined the modulation of the PGL1 promoter in E. coli, and the results indicated that its activity is greatly induced by saturated digalacturonic acid and is indirectly regulated by the transcriptional regulators the 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate repressor. Moreover, PGL1 expression is enhanced under aerobic conditions. We found that β-galactosidase activity in E. coli could reach 180 units, which is 40-fold greater than the activity produced in S. cerevisiae, and greater than recombinant protein expression previously reported by other researchers. We thus demonstrate that this vector can be considered as a dual expression plasmid for both E. coli and S. cerevisiae hosts. So far, no modulation of endoPG promoters expressed in E. coli has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gognies
- Molecular and General Microbiology Laboratory, UFR Sciences, BP1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
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Alimardani-Theuil P, Gainvors-Claisse A, Duchiron F. Yeasts: An attractive source of pectinases—From gene expression to potential applications: A review. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Rojas NL, Ortiz GE, Baruque DJ, Cavalitto SF, Ghiringhelli PD. Production of heterologous polygalacturonase I from Aspergillus kawachii in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in batch and fed-batch cultures. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 38:1437-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Padonou S, Nielsen D, Akissoe N, Hounhouigan J, Nago M, Jakobsen M. Development of starter culture for improved processing of Lafun, an African fermented cassava food product. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:1402-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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van Wyk H, Divol B. Recovery of endo-polygalacturonase activity in wine yeast and its effect on wine aroma. FEMS Yeast Res 2010; 10:58-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2009.00588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Louw C, Young PR, van Rensburg P, Divol B. Regulation of endo-polygalacturonase activity inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2010; 10:44-57. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2009.00584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Divol B, van Rensburg P. PGU1 gene natural deletion is responsible for the absence of endo-polygalacturonase activity in some wine strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2007; 7:1328-39. [PMID: 17655687 DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2007.00284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The PGU1 gene encodes an endo-polygalacturonase enzyme in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The literature reports that most S. cerevisiae strains possess this gene, despite a wide range of enzyme activity levels. Nevertheless, a few wine strains lack the PGU1 gene. We investigated the PGU1 locus sequence in these strains. The results indicated that the gene had been replaced by a partial Ty mobile element, whereas the gene promoter was still at the expected location. As all the strains lacking the PGU1 gene experienced the same phenomenon, it was tempting to hypothesize a common phylogenetic origin. However, fingerprints only allowed grouping of a few of them within one cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Divol
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
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Radoi F, Kishida M, Kawasaki H. Endo-polygalacturonase in Saccharomyces wine yeasts: effect of carbon source on enzyme production. FEMS Yeast Res 2005; 5:663-8. [PMID: 15780666 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsyr.2004.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2004] [Revised: 09/04/2004] [Accepted: 09/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight wine yeast strains of Saccharomyces sp. were tested for polygalacturonase (PGase) activity, after cultivation on various carbon sources. No strain showed any activity when grown on glucose, while five strains produced PGase in the presence of galactose and polygalacturonate. These data suggest that the PGase of wine strains is repressed by glucose and induced by galactose and polygalacturonate. The existence of the PGase gene in the wine strains and its similarity with that of the laboratory strains was proved by Southern hybridization and PCR amplification. The promoter region of the PGase gene in the wine strains was slightly different from that of the laboratory strains. This possibly explains the different pattern of gene expression in wine and laboratory strains. The PGase of wine strains produced di- or tri-galacturonic acid from polygalacturonic acid, different from the fungal PGase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Radoi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Schwan RF, Wheals AE. The Microbiology of Cocoa Fermentation and its Role in Chocolate Quality. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2004; 44:205-21. [PMID: 15462126 DOI: 10.1080/10408690490464104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The first stage of chocolate production consists of a natural, seven-day microbial fermentation of the pectinaceous pulp surrounding beans of the tree Theobroma cacao. There is a microbial succession of a wide range of yeasts, lactic-acid, and acetic-acid bacteria during which high temperatures of up to 50 degrees C and microbial products, such as ethanol, lactic acid, and acetic acid, kill the beans and cause production of flavor precursors. Over-fermentation leads to a rise in bacilli and filamentous fungi that can cause off-flavors. The physiological roles of the predominant micro-organisms are now reasonably well understood and the crucial importance of a well-ordered microbial succession in cocoa aroma has been established. It has been possible to use a synthetic microbial cocktail inoculum of just 5 species, including members of the 3 principal groups, to mimic the natural fermentation process and yield good quality chocolate. Reduction of the amount of pectin by physical or mechanical means can also lead to an improved fermentation in reduced time and the juice can be used as a high-value byproduct. To improve the quality of the processed beans, more research is needed on pectinase production by yeasts, better depulping, fermenter design, and the use of starter cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosane F Schwan
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil.
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Blanco P, Thow G, Simpson CG, Villa TG, Williamson B. Mutagenesis of key amino acids alters activity of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae endo-polygalacturonase expressed in Pichia pastoris. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2002; 210:187-91. [PMID: 12044673 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11179.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A polygalacturonase (PG)-encoding gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PGU1) was successfully expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. PG secretion was efficiently directed by the S. cerevisiae alpha-factor signal sequence, while the native (PGU1) leader peptide was unable to direct protein export in P. pastoris. The level of PGU1 activity achieved in P. pastoris was significantly enhanced when compared to activity using the same gene in S. cerevisiae. Expression of PG proteins, engineered by site-directed mutagenesis, in P. pastoris showed that aspartic acid residues at positions 179, 200, and 201, and histidine 222 were essential for enzyme activity. Mutation of the two potential glycosylation sites in PGU1 showed that the two residues individually (N318D, N330D) did not affect secreted enzyme activity, but the double mutant caused a 50% reduction in enzyme activity when compared to the wild-type PGU1 transformant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Blanco
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
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Gainvors A, Nedjaoum N, Gognies S, Muzart M, Nedjma M, Belarbi A. Purification and characterization of acidic endo-polygalacturonase encoded by the PGL1-1 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2000; 183:131-5. [PMID: 10650215 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb08946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The PGL1 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been shown to encode polygalacturonase. Cloning of the PGL1 open reading frame behind the ADH1 promoter allowed overexpression of polygalacturonase activity in S. cerevisiae. This enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity from cultures of recombinant S. cerevisiae on synthetic medium using one-step purification by anionic exchange chromatography. The enzyme, named Pgl1P, had an apparent M(r) of 42 kDa as shown by SDS-PAGE. Pgl1P was active from pH 3 to 5.5, with an optimum temperature at 25 degrees C. This enzyme hydrolyzed polygalacturonic acid as an endo-polygalacturonase as demonstrated by independent methods. The purified protein was N-glycosylated. However, the activity remained in the N-deglycosylated form. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was also determined as D-S-C-T-L-T-G-S-S-L.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gainvors
- Université de Reims, Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Générale et Moléculaire, Europol'Agro, P.O. Box 1039, 51687, Reims, France
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Abstract
When grown in the appropriate medium, several yeast species produce pectinases able to degrade pectic substances. It is mainly exocellular endopolygalacturonases that break pectins or pectate down by hydrolysis of alpha-1,4-glycosidic linkages in a random way. Biochemical characterisation of these enzymes has shown that they have an optimal pH in the acidic region and an optimal temperature between 40 and 55 degrees C. Their production by yeasts is a constitutive feature and is repressed by the glucose concentration and aeration. Pectic substances and their hydrolysis products are used as carbon sources by a limited number of yeasts and hence these enzymes must be involved in the colonisation of different parts of plants, including fruits. The first yeast pectic enzyme (encoded by the PSE3 gene) was cloned from Tichosporon penicillatum. Recently, a polygalacturonase-encoding gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been cloned and overexpressed in several strains and the gene for an extracellular endopolygalacturonase from Kluyveromyces marxianus has also been described. Taking all the results together, the idea is now emerging that this type of yeast enzyme could offer an alternative to fungal enzymes for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Blanco
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Hirose N, Fujii M, Kishida M, Kawasaki H, Sakai T. Isolation and genetic determination of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant that produces an endo-polygalacturonase. J Biosci Bioeng 1999; 87:594-7. [PMID: 16232524 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(99)80120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/1998] [Accepted: 02/15/1999] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant that produces an endo-polygalacturonase (PGase) was isolated. The PGase gene was revealed to be located on chromosome X in both the mutant and its parental strain. The 5'-upstream region of the PGase gene in the mutant was entirely identical with that of its parent. Crossing of the mutant with a PGase-negative strain showed that the phenotype of PGase production was recessive. These results suggest that the mutant is rendered defective in a transacting factor that normally represses the expression of the PGase gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hirose
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531 Japan
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