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El-Sabbagh AM, Zaki MES, Motawea MM, Alkasaby NM. Molecular Study of Lactobacilli Species in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Open Microbiol J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742858-v16-e2205090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies due to disturbances in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. Egypt is among the top 10 countries with a high prevalence of T2DM (15.56% of adults). There are studies that show a link between the diversity of the gut microbiota and the development of T2DM. There are species of Lactobacilli that inhabit the gut that might differ in patients with T2DM compared to healthy subjects.
Objective:
The aim of the present research is to study the presence of Lactobacilli species in gut microbiota by multiplex PCR in patients with T2DM compared to healthy controls as a preliminary approach to open the way for future treatment with the help of probiotics or diet modulation.
Methods:
A retrograde case-control study was conducted on 79 patients with T2DM and 100 healthy controls cross-matched with age and sex. All patients were subjected to full clinical examination and laboratory tests, including identification of stool Lactobacillus species by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results:
Certain species of L. acidophilus, and L. rhamnosus were found to be significantly increased in patients with T2DM (67.1%, 50.6% respectively) compared to control subjects (35%, P=0.001, OR 3.8, 95% CI:2.1-7.1, 25%, P=0.001, OR 3.1, 95% CI:1.64-5.8 respectively). Other species as determined by multiplex PCR, namely, L. gasseri, (70%, P=0.001, OR 0.16, 95% CI: 0.1-0.3), L. reuteri (74%, P=0.001, OR 0.28, 95% CI: 0.5-0.53), and L. plantarum (69%, P=0.003, OR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.073-0.22) were significantly higher in prevalence in control compared to patients with T2DM.
Conclusion:
The present study highlights the significant prevalence of certain species of Lactobacilli in gut as determined by multiplex PCR, namely L. gasseri, L. reuteri and L. plantarum in controls compared to patients with T2DM. These species may have a role in the reduction of certain risk factors associated with the development of T2DM. Moreover, certain species of L. acidophilus, L. delbrueckii and L. rhamnosus were significantly increased in prevalence in patients with T2DM. The findings of this preliminary study need further verification by a larger longitudinal study.
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Zommiti M, Chikindas ML, Ferchichi M. Probiotics-Live Biotherapeutics: a Story of Success, Limitations, and Future Prospects-Not Only for Humans. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:1266-1289. [PMID: 31376026 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In livestock production, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) represent the most widespread microorganisms used as probiotics. For such critical use, these bacteria must be correctly identified and characterized to ensure their safety and efficiency. Recently, probiotics have become highly recognized as supplements for humans and in particular for animals because of their beneficial outcome on health improvement and well-being maintenance. Various factors, encompassing dietary and management constraints, have been demonstrated to tremendously influence the structure, composition, and activities of gut microbial communities in farm animals. Previous investigations reported the potential of probiotics in animal diets and nutrition. But a high rate of inconsistency in the efficiency of probiotics has been reported. This may be due, in a major part, to the dynamics of the gastrointestinal microbial communities. Under stressing surroundings, the direct-fed microbials may play a key role as the salient limiting factor of the severity of the dysbiosis caused by disruption of the normal intestinal balance. Probiotics are live microorganisms, which confer health benefits on the host by positively modifying the intestinal microflora. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize and to highlight the positive influence of probiotics and potential probiotic microbe supplementation in animal feed with mention of several limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zommiti
- Unité de Protéomique Fonctionnelle et Potentiel Nutraceutique de la Biodiversité de Tunisie, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El-Manar, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Michael L Chikindas
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Center for Digestive Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Mounir Ferchichi
- Unité de Protéomique Fonctionnelle et Potentiel Nutraceutique de la Biodiversité de Tunisie, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El-Manar, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Abstract
Probiotics have become highly recognized as supplements for humans and animals because of their beneficial effects on health and well-being. The present review aims to provide an overview of different steps through which microbial strains become applicable probiotics in food and/or feed industries. Isolation of potential probiotic strains is the first step. Lactic acid bacteria are the most frequently used microorganisms as probiotics, which can be isolated from human, animal, plant, and environment. The next steps are identification of the isolates and characterization of them based on the main selection criteria for any potential probiotic microorganism, including resistance to gastric acidity and bile salt, adherence to mucus and/or intestinal epithelial cells and cell lines, and antimicrobial and antagonism activity against potentially pathogenic microbes. There are additional probiotic properties that may be considered for selection of probiotic strains with specific effects, such as cholesterol reduction ability, antioxidant activity, or cytotoxic effect against cancer cells. However, a potential probiotic does not need to fulfill all such selection criteria. As the last step, safety status of probiotics for humans is verified by taxonomy clarification, in vitro and in vivo tests, human trials, and genome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Shokryazdan
- a Institute of Tropical Agriculture , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia.,b Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran , East and North-East Branch , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi
- a Institute of Tropical Agriculture , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia.,b Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran , East and North-East Branch , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Juan Boo Liang
- a Institute of Tropical Agriculture , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Yin Wan Ho
- c Institute of Bioscience , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
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4
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Vladić J, Zeković Z, Jokić S, Svilović S, Kovačević S, Vidović S. Winter savory: Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and mathematical modeling of extraction process. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Dan T, Chen Y, Chen X, Sun C, Wang X, Wang J, Zhang H. Isolation and characterisation of a Lactobacillus delbrueckiisubsp. bulgaricusmutant with low H +-ATPase activity. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Dan
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering; Education Ministry of China; Department of Food Science and Engineering; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot 010018 China
| | - Yongfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering; Education Ministry of China; Department of Food Science and Engineering; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot 010018 China
| | - Xia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering; Education Ministry of China; Department of Food Science and Engineering; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot 010018 China
| | - Chunling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering; Education Ministry of China; Department of Food Science and Engineering; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot 010018 China
| | - Xueni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering; Education Ministry of China; Department of Food Science and Engineering; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot 010018 China
| | - Junguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering; Education Ministry of China; Department of Food Science and Engineering; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot 010018 China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering; Education Ministry of China; Department of Food Science and Engineering; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot 010018 China
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6
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Savagea faecisuis gen. nov., sp. nov., a tylosin- and tetracycline-resistant bacterium isolated from a swine-manure storage pit. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 108:151-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Ng’ong’ola-Manani TA, Wicklund T, Mwangwela AM, Østlie HM. Identification and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Involved in Natural and Lactic Acid Bacterial Fermentations of Pastes of Soybeans and Soybean-Maize Blends Using Culture-Dependent Techniques and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2014.996894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Bagheripoor-Fallah N, Mortazavian A, Hosseini H, Khoshgozaran-Abras S, Rad AH. Comparison of Molecular Techniques with other Methods for Identification and Enumeration of Probiotics in Fermented Milk Products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 55:396-413. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.656771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Decimo M, Morandi S, Silvetti T, Brasca M. Characterization of Gram-Negative Psychrotrophic Bacteria isolated from Italian Bulk Tank Milk. J Food Sci 2014; 79:M2081-90. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marilù Decimo
- Inst. of Sciences of Food Production; Italian Natl. Research Council; Via Celoria 2 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Stefano Morandi
- Inst. of Sciences of Food Production; Italian Natl. Research Council; Via Celoria 2 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Tiziana Silvetti
- Inst. of Sciences of Food Production; Italian Natl. Research Council; Via Celoria 2 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Milena Brasca
- Inst. of Sciences of Food Production; Italian Natl. Research Council; Via Celoria 2 20133 Milan Italy
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10
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Cotta MA, Whitehead TR, Falsen E, Moore E, Lawson PA. Erratum to: Two novel species Enterococcus lemanii sp. nov. and Enterococcus eurekensis sp. nov., isolated from a swine-manure storage pit. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2013; 103:1409-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-9908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Two novel species Enterococcus lemanii sp. nov. and Enterococcus eurekensis sp. nov., isolated from a swine-manure storage pit. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2012; 103:89-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-012-9789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Mohammed M, Abd El-Aziz H, Omran N, Anwar S, Awad S, El-Soda M. Rep-PCR characterization and biochemical selection of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the Delta area of Egypt. Int J Food Microbiol 2009; 128:417-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Diversity of Lactobacillus sakei strains investigated by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Syst Appl Microbiol 2008; 31:393-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Molecular methods for identification of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus using methionine biosynthesis and 16S rRNA genes. J DAIRY RES 2008; 75:392-8. [PMID: 18620618 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029908003543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Yoghurt and starter culture producers are still searching strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus to produce healthier yogurt with longer shelf life, better texture, taste and quality. However, selective identification of Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Strep. thermophilus from a mixed population using microbiological and biochemical methods is difficult, time consuming and may not be accurate. In this study, a quick, sensitive and accurate method is proposed to identify both Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Strep. thermophilus using PCR. The method is comprised of two parts. In the first part, methionine biosynthesis genes, known to be present in both species were partially amplified by designed primers (cysmet2F and cysmet2R). Partial amplification of the methionine biosynthesis gene which gives 700 bp fragment resulted in selective identification of Lb. bulgaricus and Strep. thermophilus. All 16 Lb. bulgaricus and 6 Strep. thermophilus isolates assessed by this method gave the expected amplification. On the other hand, further analysis of other closely related species with the same primers have indicated that the same product was also amplified in two more lactobacilli namely, Lb. delbrueckii subsp. lactis and Lb. helveticus species. Thus, in the second part of the method, further differentiation of Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Strep. thermophilus from each other and these species was achieved using restriction analysis of 16S rRNA gene with EcoRI.
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15
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Jany JL, Barbier G. Culture-independent methods for identifying microbial communities in cheese. Food Microbiol 2008; 25:839-48. [PMID: 18721671 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the culture-independent methods available for the description of both bacterial and fungal communities in cheese. Important steps of the culture-independent strategy, which relies on bulk DNA extraction from cheese and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of selected sequences, are discussed. We critically evaluate the identification techniques already used for monitoring microbial communities in cheese, including PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), PCR-temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-TTGE) or single-strand conformation polymorphism-PCR (SSCP-PCR) as well as some other techniques that remain to be adapted to the study of cheese communities. Further, our analysis draws attention to the lack of data available on suitable DNA sequences for identifying fungal communities in cheese and proposes some potential DNA targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Jany
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, Université Européenne de Bretagne-ESMISAB, Parvis Blaise Pascal, Technopôle de Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.
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16
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MALTI JAZILAEL, AMAROUCH HAMID. MICROBIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NATURAL FERMENTED CAMEL MEAT SAUSAGE. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2007.00172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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18
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Botina SG, Tsygankov YD, Sukhodolets VV. Identification of industrial strains of lactic acid bacteria by methods of molecular genetic typing. RUSS J GENET+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795406120039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Guglielmotti DM, Reinheimer JA, Binetti AG, Giraffa G, Carminati D, Quiberoni A. Characterization of spontaneous phage-resistant derivatives of Lactobacillus delbrueckii commercial strains. Int J Food Microbiol 2006; 111:126-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2005] [Revised: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Champagne CP, Gardner NJ, Roy D. Challenges in the addition of probiotic cultures to foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2006; 45:61-84. [PMID: 15730189 DOI: 10.1080/10408690590900144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic cultures are increasingly being added to foods in order to develop products with health-promoting properties. Although the literature is abundant on the beneficial effects of bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus acidophilus on health, little information is available on the challenges industry faces in adding these probiotic cultures to food products. The aim of this article is to examine seven issues that should be addressed when developing functional foods: 1) type or form of probiotic that should be used; 2) addition level required to have a beneficial effect; 3) toxicity; 4) effect of the processing steps on viability; 5) determination, in the product, of the cell populations added; 6) stability during storage; 7) changes in sensory properties of the foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude P Champagne
- Food Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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21
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Duthoit F, Tessier L, Montel MC. Diversity, dynamics and activity of bacterial populations in 'Registered Designation of Origin' Salers cheese by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of 16S rRNA genes. J Appl Microbiol 2005; 98:1198-208. [PMID: 15836490 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this work was to measure the dynamic global metabolic activities of the microbial community during ripening of RDO Salers cheese by using a direct molecular approach. METHODS AND RESULTS A culture-independent approach including PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of 16S rRNA genes was applied on 'Registered Designation of Origin' Salers cheese samples collected in three farms. The evolution of the global structure of the microbial community in terms of structure or global activities was assessed using ecological indices. The diversity of the global population was higher on RNA patterns than on DNA patterns, because of less dominance and greater richness. Comparison of the SSCP patterns derived from RNA and DNA analysis indicated that the dominant population was not necessarily the most active. The metabolic activities of each bacterial group changed significantly during ripening. Besides lactic acid bacteria that were dominant on both DNA and RNA patterns, the dynamics of the presence and activity of microbial groups rarely studied in the core of cheese, such as corynebacteria, or of unidentified peaks were reported. CONCLUSIONS By using SSCP RNA analysis, we were able to obtain information about the activity of bacterial population in cheese, which varied a lot between cheeses and was changing perpetually during ripening. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Double DNA-RNA SSCP analysis opens up future prospects in the microbial ecology of cheeses. It will have many applications for controlling of microbial community during cheese processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Duthoit
- Unité de Recherches Fromagères, Aurillac, France
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22
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Evolution and identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated during the ripening of Sardinian sausages. Meat Sci 2005; 69:733-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2003] [Revised: 10/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Kwon HS, Yang EH, Yeon SW, Kang BH, Kim TY. Rapid identification of probiotic Lactobacillus species by multiplex PCR using species-specific primers based on the region extending from 16S rRNA through 23S rRNA. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 239:267-75. [PMID: 15476976 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2004] [Revised: 05/12/2004] [Accepted: 08/30/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer set for the identification of seven probiotic Lactobacillus species such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The primer set, comprising of seven specific and two conserved primers, was derived from the integrated sequences of 16S and 23S rRNA genes and their rRNA intergenic spacer region of each species. It was able to identify the seven target species with 93.6% accuracy, which exceeds that of the general biochemical methods. The phylogenetic analyses, using 16S rDNA sequences of the probiotic isolates, also provided further support that the results from the multiplex PCR assay were trustworthy. Taken together, we suggest that the multiplex primer set is an efficient tool for simple, rapid and reliable identification of seven Lactobacillus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- ILDONG Research Laboratories, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 260-5, Eonnam-ri, Kuseong-eup, Yongin, Kyongki-do 449-915, Korea.
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24
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Garbers IM, Britz T, Witthuhn R. PCR-based dENATURING GRADIENT GEL ELECTROPHORETICtypification and identification of the microbial consortium present in Kefir grains. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-004-2624-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Giraffa G, Andrighetto C, Antonello C, Gatti M, Lazzi C, Marcazzan G, Lombardi A, Neviani E. Genotypic and phenotypic diversity of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis strains of dairy origin. Int J Food Microbiol 2004; 91:129-39. [PMID: 14996456 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(03)00368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2003] [Revised: 04/22/2003] [Accepted: 06/21/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Eighty-nine strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis isolated from Italian hard and semi-hard cheeses and artisan starter cultures were characterised by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Phenotypic diversity was evaluated by studying biochemical characteristics (i.e. acidifying and peptidase activities) of technological interest. Genotypic diversity was evidenced by RAPD-PCR and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Phenotypic characterisation indicated a wide variability of the acidifying activity within Lact. delbrueckii subsp. lactis. Although the data was variable, it allowed us to evidence groups of strains with different acidifying properties, especially in terms of acidification intensity. Concerning peptidase activity, Lact. delbrueckii subsp. lactis showed a homogeneously high x-prolil-dipeptidil-aminopeptidase activity and a considerable but more heterogeneous lysil-aminopeptidase activity. The increased resolution obtained by the use of two molecular typing techniques, i.e. RAPD-PCR and PFGE, allowed to widen the level of strain heterogeneity. Technological and ecological pressures are determinant in selecting Lact. delbrueckii subsp. lactis sub-populations which are more functional to the different cheese technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Giraffa
- Department of Microbiology and Enzymology, Istituto Sperimentale Lattiero Caseario, Via A. Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
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26
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Tailliez P. Les lactobacilles : propriétés, habitats, rôle physiologique et intérêt en santé humaine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1294-5501(04)94231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Giraffa G, Lazzi C, Gatti M, Rossetti L, Mora D, Neviani E. Molecular typing of Lactobacillus delbrueckii of dairy origin by PCR-RFLP of protein-coding genes. Int J Food Microbiol 2003; 82:163-72. [PMID: 12568756 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(02)00262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-five strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis and subsp. bulgaricus isolated from dairy products were typed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of protein-coding genes. The strains were analysed by RFLP of PCR amplified, infragenic fragments of the following housekeeping genes: beta-galactosidase, lactose permease, and proline dipeptidase. Sequencing of the variable regions of the 16S rDNA was then performed on a reduced number of strains. PCR-RFLP analysis evidenced wide strain heterogeneity. Strains were grouped into genotypes according to both subspecies assignment and infra-species genetic polymorphism. This polymorphism was related to the presence of microbial groups within subspecies populations. The low infra-species sequence polymorphism detected in the variable region of the 16S rRNA gene did not enable to group the strains with the same sensitivity reached by PCR-RFLP of protein-coding genes. PCR-RFLP of protein-coding genes applied to L. delbrueckii seems a promising tool to evaluate microbial diversity within bacterial subpopulations. Differences among bacterial subpopulations based upon molecular heterogeneity in protein-coding genes would enable to better understand the role of strains from different ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Giraffa
- Department of Microbiology and Enzymology, Istituto Sperimentale Lattiero Caseario, Via A. Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
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Borriello SP, Hammes WP, Holzapfel W, Marteau P, Schrezenmeir J, Vaara M, Valtonen V. Safety of probiotics that contain lactobacilli or bifidobacteria. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36:775-80. [PMID: 12627362 DOI: 10.1086/368080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2002] [Accepted: 11/18/2002] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are extremely rare causes of infection in humans, as are probiotics based on these organisms. This lack of pathogenicity extends across all age groups and to immunocompromised individuals. Strains used for new probiotics should be chosen from the commensal flora of humans and should not carry intrinsic resistance to antibiotics that would prevent treatment of a rare probiotic infection. Vigilance regarding the detection of possible rare cases of infection due to probiotics should be maintained, and isolates should be sent to reference centers for molecular characterization and confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Borriello
- Central Public Health Laboratory, London, United Kingdom.
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29
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Germond JE, Lapierre L, Delley M, Mollet B, Felis GE, Dellaglio F. Evolution of the bacterial species Lactobacillus delbrueckii: a partial genomic study with reflections on prokaryotic species concept. Mol Biol Evol 2003; 20:93-104. [PMID: 12519911 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msg012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The species Lactobacillus delbrueckii consists at present of three subspecies, delbrueckii, lactis and bulgaricus, showing a high level of DNA-DNA hybridization similarity but presenting markedly different traits related to distinct ecological adaptation. The internal genetic heterogeneity of the bacterial species L. delbrueckii was analyzed. Phenotypic and several genetic traits were investigated for 61 strains belonging to this species. These included 16S rDNA sequence mutations, expression of beta-galactosidase and of the cell wall-anchored protease, the characterization of the lactose operon locus and of the sequence of lacR gene, galactose metabolism, and the distribution of insertion sequences. The high genetic heterogeneity of taxa was confirmed by every trait investigated: the lac operon was completely deleted in the subsp. delbrueckii, different mutation events in the repressor gene of the operon led to a constitutive expression of lacZ in the subsp. bulgaricus. Structural differences in the same genetic locus were probably due to the presence of different IS elements in the flanking regions. The different expression of the cell wall-anchored protease, constitutive in the subsp. bulgaricus, inducible in the subsp. lactis, and absent in the subsp. delbrueckii was also a consequence of mutations at the gene level. The galT gene for galactose metabolism was found only in the subsp. lactis, while no specific amplification product was detected in the other two subspecies. All these data, together with the absence of a specific IS element, ISL6, from the major number of strains belonging to the subsp. bulgaricus, confirmed a deep internal heterogeneity among the three subspecies. Moreover, this evidence and the directional mutations found in the 16S rDNA sequences suggested that, of the three subspecies, L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis is the taxon closer to the ancestor. Limitations of the current prokaryotic species definition were also discussed, based on presented evidences. Our results indicate the need for an accurate investigation of internal heterogeneity of bacterial species. This study has consequences on the prokaryotic species concept, since genomic flexibility of prokaryotes collides with a stable classification, necessary from a scientific and applied point of view.
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Rodas AM, Ferrer S, Pardo I. 16S-ARDRA, a Tool for Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Grape Must and Wine. Syst Appl Microbiol 2003; 26:412-22. [PMID: 14529184 DOI: 10.1078/072320203322497446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are found in a great variety of habitats, including grape must and wines. There is a close relationship between the species of LAB which develop during fermentation and the eventual quality of the wine. For these reasons analytical techniques allowing fast and reliable identification of wine LAB are needed. In this work a simple and accurate protocol for identifying species of LAB isolated from grape must and wine is presented. This protocol is based on the amplification, directly from colony, of 16S rDNA and later digestion with one of the following restriction enzymes BfaI, MseI and AluI. A sequential use of the three enzymes is proposed to simplify LAB wine identification, first MseI, then BfaI and finally, if necessary, AluI digestion. The technique was able to discriminate 32 of the 36 LAB reference species tested and allowed the identification of 342 isolates from musts and wines. The isolates belonged to the species: Lactobacillus brevis, L. collinoides, L. coryniformis, L. bilgardii, L. mali, L. paracasei, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Oenococcus oeni, Pediococcus parvulus and P. pentosaceus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Rodas
- ENOLAB--Laboratori de Microbiologia Enològica, Departament de Microbiologia i Ecologia, Facultat de Ciències Biològiques, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain
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31
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Dubernet S, Desmasures N, Guéguen M. A PCR-based method for identification of lactobacilli at the genus level. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2002; 214:271-5. [PMID: 12351242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11358.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for the identification of lactobacilli at the genus level. One specific primer, LbLMA1-rev, was designed by analysing similarities between the nucleotide sequence of the spacer between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes in a number of Lactobacillus strains. Amplification with LbLMA1-rev and R16-1, a universal primer, generated a PCR product for 23 Lactobacillus species. Electrophoresis did not reveal any discrete bands when Escherichia coli, Lactococcus lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Streptococcus thermophilus, Carnobacterium pissicola, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Weissella confusa, Enterococcus hirae, Staphylococcus aureus or Listeria monocytogenes DNA were used as template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ségolène Dubernet
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Alimentaire, EA 3213, USC INRA, Université de Caen--Basse Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen cedex, France
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32
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Bouton Y, Guyot P, Beuvier E, Tailliez P, Grappin R. Use of PCR-based methods and PFGE for typing and monitoring homofermentative lactobacilli during Comté cheese ripening. Int J Food Microbiol 2002; 76:27-38. [PMID: 12038575 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(02)00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the genotypic characteristics of selected and wild homofermentative thermophilic lactobacilli strains during ripening of Comté cheeses, made into two cheese plants. Both amplification and restriction analysis of the 16S rRNA gene (PCR-ARDRA) and classical biochemical tests were used to identify isolates. Diversity within homofermentative lactobacilli was not found in their species composition since the same two species Lactobacillus helveticus and L. delbrueckii susbp. lactis were isolated from cheeses. In cheeses made with natural whey starter, it appeared that the most likely sources of L. helveticus and L. delbrueckii susbp. lactis were the starter and raw milk, respectively. The examination of RAPD profiles of lactobacilli strains revealed 19 RAPD groups among 50 isolates, which were different from selected starter strains. Using RAPD, REP-PCR, and PFGE to identify selected starter strains during cheese ripening, we showed that L. helveticus decreased quickly while L. delbrueckii susbp. lactis sustained high viability during ripening. The use of selected L. delbrueckii susbp. lactis strains diminished the genetic diversity among strains isolated from cheese, probably in preventing the raw milk microflora from growing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Bouton
- Comité Interprofessionnel du Comté, Poligny, France.
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33
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Genetic diversity of Streptococcus thermophilus strains isolated from Italian traditional cheeses. Int Dairy J 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0958-6946(01)00134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Vaneechoutte M, Heyndrickx M. Application and Analysis of ARDRA Patterns in Bacterial Identification, Taxonomy and Phylogeny. NEW APPROACHES FOR THE GENERATION AND ANALYSIS OF MICROBIAL TYPING DATA 2001:211-247. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-044450740-2/50010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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35
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Ventura M, Casas IA, Morelli L, Callegari ML. Rapid amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) identification of Lactobacillus spp. isolated from fecal and vaginal samples. Syst Appl Microbiol 2000; 23:504-9. [PMID: 11249020 DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(00)80024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) was used to identify different species of Lactobacillus isolated from human faeces and vagina. PCR-ARDRA was performed using a set of four restriction enzymes, able to differentiate fourteen species of Lactobacillus. The PCR-ARDRA procedure described in this paper was shown to be a reliable and rapid method for identifying Lactobacillus species from intestinal and vaginal microflora at species and subspecies level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ventura
- Centro Ricerche Biotecnologiche, Cremona, Italy.
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36
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37
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Giraffa G, Rossetti L, Neviani E. An evaluation of chelex-based DNA purification protocols for the typing of lactic acid bacteria. J Microbiol Methods 2000; 42:175-84. [PMID: 11018274 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7012(00)00172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An easy and rapid protocol to extract DNA to be used as template for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprinting experiments from cultivable lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is proposed. Different procedures for rapid extraction of DNA by chelex (iminodiacetid acid) ionic resin were compared. Factors affecting the quality and reproducibility of PCR fingerprinting profiles were also investigated. Two out of three chelex-based protocols allowed to obtain DNA samples which, after PCR amplification, provided electrophoretic patterns comparable with those obtained by classical lysozyme and phenol-chloroform DNA extraction. A good level of reproducibility and consistency of the InstaGene procedure was verified. The procedure is fast, practical, and the DNA is of quality similar to that obtained by phenol-chloroform extraction. Although applied to a little number of LAB strains, chelex-based protocols are potentially applicable to a vast array of organisms and/or biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Giraffa
- Istituto Sperimentale Lattiero Caseario, Via A. Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
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38
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Song Y, Kato N, Liu C, Matsumiya Y, Kato H, Watanabe K. Rapid identification of 11 human intestinal Lactobacillus species by multiplex PCR assays using group- and species-specific primers derived from the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region and its flanking 23S rRNA. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2000; 187:167-73. [PMID: 10856652 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and reliable two-step multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were established to identify human intestinal lactobacilli; a multiplex PCR was used for grouping of lactobacilli with a mixture of group-specific primers followed by four multiplex PCR assays with four sorts of species-specific primer mixtures for identification at the species level. Primers used were designed from nucleotide sequences of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region and its flanking 23S rRNA gene of members of the genus Lactobacillus which are commonly isolated from human stool specimens: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii (ssp. bulgaricus and ssp. lactis), Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus paracasei (ssp. paracasei and ssp. tolerans), Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus salivarius (ssp. salicinius and ssp. salivarius). The established two-step multiplex PCR assays were applied to the identification of 84 Lactobacillus strains isolated from human stool specimens and the PCR results were consistent with the results from the DNA-DNA hybridization assay. These results suggest that the multiplex PCR system established in this study is a simple, rapid and reliable method for the identification of common Lactobacillus isolates from human stool samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Song
- Institue of Anaerobic Bacteriology, Gifu University, School of Medicine, Japan
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39
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Abstract
Pediococci are among the most prevalent microbial contaminants in breweries and they can cause ropiness and the accumulation of high levels of diacetyl in beer. The accurate identification of pediococci is important, because different species do not possess equal spoilage potential. In this study, 18 Pediococcus strains, mainly of brewery origin, were first identified using phenotypical characterization (API 50 CHL and SDS-PAGE profiling), and then ribotyped using a RiboPrinterR System. Six Pediococcus type strains and three other Pediococcus strains were used as references. Ribotyping showed higher discriminative capacity than phenotypical identification methods. Strains could be identified to species level and in many cases, differentiated even at strain level using this genetic fingerprinting method. The identifications performed by ribotyping were confirmed by 16S rDNA sequencing of selected strains. Automated ribotyping was found to be a rapid and reliable method for identifying pediococci, but requires the construction of a comprehensive fingerprint library.
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MESH Headings
- Bacterial Typing Techniques
- Beer/microbiology
- Blotting, Southern
- DNA Fingerprinting
- DNA, Bacterial/analysis
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/metabolism
- DNA, Ribosomal/analysis
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI/metabolism
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Evaluation Studies as Topic
- Genotype
- Pediococcus/classification
- Pediococcus/genetics
- Phenotype
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- R Satokari
- VTT Biotechnology and Food Research, Finland
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