1
|
Xiang J, Wu M, Wang J, Lin M, Sun M, Li X, Xing R, Guo R, Gu J, Lyu T, Wang L, Shi X. Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and plasma protein binding study of glytrexate, a novel multitarget antifolate. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1001308. [PMID: 36267288 PMCID: PMC9577195 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1001308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glytrexate, developed by our team, as a novel multitarget folate antagonist, has inhibitory effects on a variety of cancer cell types, especially KB tumor cells (IC50 0.078 nM), and thus has antitumor drug development prospects. However, its pharmacokinetics and plasma protein binding properties remain unknown. In this study a selective and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) method was developed and verified to facilitate biological analysis. The bioanalysis method was applied to evaluate the stability, plasma protein binding, and pharmacokinetics of glytrexate. Glytrexate is more stable in human plasma than in rat plasma and in human liver microsomes. The binding of glytrexate to human plasma proteins was higher than that to rat plasma proteins, both of which were less than 30%, suggesting that glytrexate may be at a higher concentration at the pharmacologic target receptor(s) in tissues. Pharmacokinetic characteristics were determined by noncompartmental analysis after administration of single oral (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg) and intravenous (2 mg/kg) doses in rats. According to the rat oral pharmacokinetic characteristics, glytrexate had linear dynamics in a dose range of 12.5–50 mg/kg and a poor oral bioavailability of 0.57–1.15%. The investigation revealed that the intravenous half-life, AUC, and Cmax of glytrexate were higher than those of pemetrexed. Pemetrexed is generally produced as an injection preparation. This provides ideas for the development of glytrexate formulations. Therefore, glytrexate injection has clinical application prospects compared to oral administration. This study provides a basis for further investigations into the pharmacological effects and clinical uses of glytrexate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation in Hebei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation in Hebei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation in Hebei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengmeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation in Hebei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- Department of General Practice, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation in Hebei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruijuan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation in Hebei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ran Guo
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation in Hebei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianmin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation in Hebei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tao Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation in Hebei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation in Hebei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaowei Shi, ; Lei Wang,
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation in Hebei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaowei Shi, ; Lei Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chin LT, Huang PR, Hu KY, Huang NK, Chiu CD, Hour AL, Shui HA, Chu CH, Chen HM. A Proteomics-Based Translational Approach Reveals an Antifolate Resistance Inherent in Human Plasma Derived from Blood Donation. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:3091-102. [DOI: 10.1021/pr100005u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Te Chin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Life-Science, Catholic Fu-Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan, Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Catholic Fu-Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei,
| | - Pei-Ru Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Life-Science, Catholic Fu-Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan, Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Catholic Fu-Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei,
| | - Kuang-Yu Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Life-Science, Catholic Fu-Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan, Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Catholic Fu-Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei,
| | - Nai-Kuei Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Life-Science, Catholic Fu-Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan, Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Catholic Fu-Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei,
| | - Cheng-Di Chiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Life-Science, Catholic Fu-Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan, Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Catholic Fu-Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei,
| | - Ai-Ling Hour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Life-Science, Catholic Fu-Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan, Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Catholic Fu-Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei,
| | - Hao-Ai Shui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Life-Science, Catholic Fu-Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan, Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Catholic Fu-Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei,
| | - Chi-Hong Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Life-Science, Catholic Fu-Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan, Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Catholic Fu-Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei,
| | - Han-Min Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Life-Science, Catholic Fu-Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan, Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Catholic Fu-Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Chemotherapy agents are extremely important in the treatment of liquid malignancies, such as lymphoma, myeloma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In addition, chemotherapy agents have proven effective in the adjuvant treatment of solid tumors, such as osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, transitional cell carcinoma, and others. Unfortunately, chemotherapy resistance in these situations is the most significant cause of treatment failure. Therefore, the ability to predict, treat, or circumvent resistance is extremely likely to improve clinical outcomes. This article has reviewed the most widely investigated forms of chemotherapy resistance, such as reduced drug accumulation, increased DNA damage repair, decreased apoptosis, and others; however, new mechanisms are being found at an alarming pace. In addition, investigations to date have routinely centered on single-cell mechanisms of drug resistance, and cancer is truly a three dimensional disease. The elucidation of mechanisms surrounding (1) how tumors interact with their normal microenvironment, (2) how tumors interact in a three-dimensional environment, and (3) a better understanding of basic tumor physiology and biology may supersede in importance those previously elucidated single-cell mechanisms of chemoresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Bergman
- Donaldson-Atwood Cancer Clinic, Flaherty Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Animal Medical Center, 510 East 62nd Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| |
Collapse
|