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Dutra FA, Francisco CS, Carneiro Pires B, Borges MM, Torres ALH, Resende VA, Mateus MF, Cipriano DF, Miguez FB, Freitas JCC, Teixeira J, Borges WDS, Guimarães L, da Cunha EF, Ramalho TDC, Nascimento CS, De Sousa FB, Costa RA, Lacerda V, Borges KB. Coumarin/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes Promote Acceleration and Improvement of Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30900-30914. [PMID: 38848495 PMCID: PMC11194811 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Coumarins have great pharmacotherapeutic potential, presenting several biological and pharmaceutical applications, like antibiotic, fungicidal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-HIV, and healing activities, among others. These molecules are practically insoluble in water, and for biological applications, it became necessary to complex them with cyclodextrins (CDs), which influence their bioavailability in the target organism. In this work, we studied two coumarins, and it was possible to conclude that there were structural differences between 4,7-dimethyl-2H-chromen-2-one (DMC) and 7-methoxy-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (MMC)/β-CD that were solubilized in ethanol, frozen, and lyophilized (FL) and the mechanical mixtures (MM). In addition, the inclusion complex formation improved the solubility of DMC and MMC in an aqueous medium. According to the data, the inclusion complexes were formed and are more stable at a molar ratio of 2:1 coumarin/β-CD, and hydrogen bonds along with π-π stacking interactions are responsible for the better stability, especially for (MMC)2@β-CD. In vivo wound healing studies in mice showed faster re-epithelialization and the best deposition of collagen with the (DMC)2@β-CD (FL) and (MMC)2@β-CD (FL) inclusion complexes, demonstrating clearly that they have potential in wound repair. Therefore, (DMC)2@β-CD (FL) deserves great attention because it presented excellent results, reducing the granulation tissue and mast cell density and improving collagen remodeling. Finally, the protein binding studies suggested that the anti-inflammatory activities might exert their biological function through the inhibition of MEK, providing the possibility of development of new MEK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia
Viana Avelar Dutra
- Departamento
de Ciências Naturais, Universidade
Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, Praça Dom Helvécio
74, Fábricas, 36301-160 São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carla Santana Francisco
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, S/N, Goiabeiras, 29060-900 Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Carneiro Pires
- Departamento
de Ciências Naturais, Universidade
Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, Praça Dom Helvécio
74, Fábricas, 36301-160 São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcella Matos
Cordeiro Borges
- Departamento
de Ciências Naturais, Universidade
Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, Praça Dom Helvécio
74, Fábricas, 36301-160 São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Horta Torres
- Departamento
de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São
João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, Fábricas, 36301-160 São João
del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vivian Alexandra Resende
- Departamento
de Ciências Naturais, Universidade
Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, Praça Dom Helvécio
74, Fábricas, 36301-160 São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcella Fernandes
Mano Mateus
- Departamento
de Ciências Naturais, Universidade
Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, Praça Dom Helvécio
74, Fábricas, 36301-160 São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fernandes Cipriano
- Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal do
Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, S/N, Goiabeiras, 29060-900 Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Bastos Miguez
- Instituto
de Física e Química, Universidade
Federal de Itajubá, 37500-903 Itajubá, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jair Carlos Checon
de Freitas
- Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal do
Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, S/N, Goiabeiras, 29060-900 Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Jéssika
Poliana Teixeira
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de Lavras, Campus Universitário, 37200-900 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Warley de Souza Borges
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, S/N, Goiabeiras, 29060-900 Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Guimarães
- Departamento
de Ciências Naturais, Universidade
Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, Praça Dom Helvécio
74, Fábricas, 36301-160 São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Teodorico de Castro Ramalho
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de Lavras, Campus Universitário, 37200-900 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Clebio Soares Nascimento
- Departamento
de Ciências Naturais, Universidade
Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, Praça Dom Helvécio
74, Fábricas, 36301-160 São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Frederico Barros De Sousa
- Instituto
de Física e Química, Universidade
Federal de Itajubá, 37500-903 Itajubá, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raquel Alves Costa
- Departamento
de Ciências Naturais, Universidade
Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, Praça Dom Helvécio
74, Fábricas, 36301-160 São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valdemar Lacerda
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, S/N, Goiabeiras, 29060-900 Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Keyller Bastos Borges
- Departamento
de Ciências Naturais, Universidade
Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, Praça Dom Helvécio
74, Fábricas, 36301-160 São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Lin X, Wu M, Li M, Cai Z, Sun H, Tan X, Li J, Zeng Y, Liu X, Liu J. Photo-responsive hollow silica nanoparticles for light-triggered genetic and photodynamic synergistic therapy. Acta Biomater 2018; 76:178-192. [PMID: 30078423 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of multifunctional carriers incorporating genetic and photodynamic therapy (PDT) for synergistic antitumor treatment has attracted intensive interests very recently. However, most of the currently reported systems employ passive gene release strategies depending on tumor microenvironment, which are negatively affected by the heterogeneity of cancer cells, thus resulting in limited controllability in therapeutic progress. Herein, a novel photo-responsive hollow silica nanoparticle (HNP)-based gene and photosensitizer (PS) co-delivery nanovehicle is designed for dual-wavelength light-triggered synergistic gene and PDT therapy. The resultant HNP conjugated with PDMAEMA polycation through a 405-nm light-cleavable Cou-linker, namely, HNP-Cou-PD, exhibits excellent gene condensation capacity, good biocompatibility, outstanding PS loading ability, and light-triggered gene release properties. HNP-Cou-PD with Chlorin e6 (Ce6) loaded inside the silica cavity and a plasmid encoding caspase-8 gene (CSP8) attached to the PDMAEMA outside layer (Ce6-HNP-Cou-PD/CSP8) has been proven to possess better antitumor effects under the irradiation of pre-405-nm and post-670-nm light both in vitro and in vivo because of the light-triggered intracellular gene release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Therefore, HNP-Cou-PD designed as a gene and PS co-delivery carrier might have promising applications in the future to precisely treat various types of cancers. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Multifunctional carriers incorporating genetic and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have drawn intense attention very recently, ascribing to their enhanced anticancer effects. However, in the present gene and PDT synergistic system, gene release strategies passively relying on tumor microenvironment often result in no or poor controllability compared with PDT (a spatial and temporal therapeutic modal), which may hinder their synergistic efficacy, especially in an on-demand manner. To resolve this problem, we designed a hollow silica nanoparticle-based dual-wavelength light-responsive gene and photosensitizer (PS) co-delivery platform to achieve photo-triggered gene and PDT synergistic therapy. We believe that our work may have extensive application prospects in precise treatment of various cancers and be of interest to the readership.
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Wu M, Lin X, Tan X, Li J, Wei Z, Zhang D, Zheng Y, Zheng AX, Zhao B, Zeng Y, Liu X, Liu J. Photoresponsive Nanovehicle for Two Independent Wavelength Light-Triggered Sequential Release of P-gp shRNA and Doxorubicin To Optimize and Enhance Synergistic Therapy of Multidrug-Resistant Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:19416-19427. [PMID: 29771490 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Prerelease of RNA molecules than chemotherapeutic drugs with a sufficient interval is a vital prerequisite for RNA/drug co-delivery strategy to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells, but how to precisely control their release at different time points is still a grand challenge up to now. This study aims to on-demand remotely manipulate RNA and drug release in real time through single delivery system to sequentially play their respective roles for optimizing and enhancing their synergistic antitumor effects. To this end, a photoresponsive mesoporous silica nanoparticle (PMSN) is fabricated as a co-delivery vehicle of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) and photocaged prodrug of doxorubicin (DOX), by which the orthogonal and sequential release of shRNA and DOX can be achieved using an external light. In our design, the cationic poly[2-( N, N-dimethylaminoethyl)methacrylate] is introduced onto the PMSN surface through a light-sensitive coumarin ester derivative linker to adsorb P-gp shRNA, whereas the photocleavable o-nitrobenzyl ester derivative-caged DOX is loaded into the inner pores of the PMSN. The PMSN is found to be effectively internalized by MDR cancer cells, and the release of the shRNA and DOX is demonstrated to be independently regulated by 405 and 365 nm light irradiations due to selectively cleaved coumarin and o-nitrobenzyl ester, resulting in enhanced drug retention, and finally bring out optimized and significantly improved chemotherapeutic effects both in vitro and in vivo for MDR cancer treatment, which might hold extensive application prospects in MDR cancer treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
| | - Xionghong Tan
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002 , P. R. China
| | - Jiong Li
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002 , P. R. China
| | - Zuwu Wei
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
| | - Da Zhang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
| | - Youshi Zheng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
| | - Ai-Xian Zheng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
| | - Bixing Zhao
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
- Liver Disease Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350005 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
- Liver Disease Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350005 , P. R. China
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Güvenalp Z, Özbek H, Dursunoğlu B, Yuca H, Gözcü S, Çil YM, Kazaz C, Kara K, Demirezer ÖL. α-Amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the herbs of Artemisia dracunculus L. and its active constituents. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Erdogdu Y. Investigations of FT-IR, FT-Raman, FT-NMR spectra and quantum chemical computations of Esculetin molecule. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 106:25-33. [PMID: 23353760 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a combined experimental and theoretical study on molecular structure, vibrational spectra and electronic properties of Esculetin (ESC). The FT-IR, FT-Raman and FT-NMR spectra have been recorded and analyzed. The molecular geometry, harmonic vibrational frequencies, chemical shifts, HOMO, LUMO energies and molecular electrostatic potential map of ESC have been calculated by using Density Functional Theory (B3LYP) with 6-311G++(d,p), cc-pVDZ, cc-pVQZ and cc-pVTZ basis sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Erdogdu
- Department of Physics, Ahi Evran University, 40040 Kirsehir, Turkey.
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Oshima N, Narukawa Y, Takeda T, Kiuchi F. Collagenase inhibitors from Viola yedoensis. J Nat Med 2012; 67:240-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Simulation of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra for isodon terpenoid. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cervenka F, Koleckar V, Rehakova Z, Jahodar L, Kunes J, Opletal L, Hyspler R, Jun D, Kuca K. Evaluation of natural substances from Evolvulus alsinoides L. with the purpose of determining their antioxidant potency. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 23:574-8. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360701674421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Cervenka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vit Koleckar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Rehakova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Jahodar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kunes
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomir Opletal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Radomir Hyspler
- Department of Gerontology and Metabolic Care, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, J.E. Purkinje University, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
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Tong J, Liu S, Zhou P, Zhang S, Li SZ. Quantitative structure spectroscopy relationships of carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts of steroids. J Mol Graph Model 2007; 26:86-92. [PMID: 17204441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2006.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2006] [Revised: 09/27/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative structure spectroscopy relationships (QSSRs) are systematically studied for carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) spectroscopic simulation of steroid compounds. Both the atomic electronegativity interaction vector (AEIV) and the atomic hybridization state index (AHSI) are used for the expression of local chemical microenvironment and atomic hybridization state of 4434 resonance carbon atoms in 203 steroid molecules. A multiple linear regression (MLR) model is built after screening some insignificant parameters with the stepwise multiple regression (SMR) technique. Correlation coefficients of the developed model are R(cum)(2)=0.9341 and Q(LOO)(2)=0.9336 for classical estimation of molecular modeling and the cross-validation with leave-one-out (LOO) procedures, respectively, primarily indicating that the MLR model has good modeling stability and prediction ability. Furthermore, the superior performance of the MLR model is tested by the leave-33%-out (L33%O) cross-validation method, where the mean correlation coefficients of three test sets are Q(2)=0.9310 and Q(ext)(2)=0.9196 for both internal and external sets. In conclusion, AEIV and AHSI descriptors can be used for estimating and predicting (13)C NMR chemical shifts of steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Tong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Jutiviboonsuk A, Zhang H, Tan GT, Ma C, Van Hung N, Manh Cuong N, Bunyapraphatsara N, Soejarto DD, Fong HHS. Bioactive constituents from roots of Bursera tonkinensis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2005; 66:2745-51. [PMID: 16289147 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2005] [Revised: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 09/17/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay directed-fractionation led to isolation of 12 compounds from the roots of Bursera tonkinensis Guillaum (Burseraceae), including burselignan, bursephenylpropane, and burseneolignan. Of the 12 compounds, only 4'-demethyldesoxypodophyllotoxin exhibited significant cytotoxic activities against KB, Col2 and LNCaP cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranya Jutiviboonsuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Si Ayutthaya Road, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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12
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Temeriusz A, Gubica T, Rogowska P, Paradowska K, Cyrański MK. Crystal structure and solid state 13C NMR analysis of nitrophenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-gluco- and d-galactopyranosides. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:1175-84. [PMID: 15797133 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2004] [Accepted: 02/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The X-ray diffraction analysis of o-nitrophenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (1), m-nitrophenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside, p-nitrophenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside and o-nitrophenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside was performed. It was found that except in the case of 1, all other crystals have one molecule in the independent part of the crystal unit cell. The results support the opinion that the nitro group does not conjugate effectively with the phenyl ring. In the 13C CP MAS spectrum of 1 the signals are split, confirming the presence of two independent molecules. Similarly, the 13C CP MAS NMR spectrum of p-nitrophenyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside indicated the presence of two non-equivalent molecules in the crystal unit. One of these molecules has more conformational freedom enabling rotation of the phenyl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Temeriusz
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, Warszawa 02-093, Poland.
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