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Saabome SM, Park YS, Ko YG. Designing particle size of aminated polyacrylonitrile spheres to enhance electrorheological performances of their suspensions. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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2
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Kim JN, Dong YZ, Choi HJ. Pickering Emulsion Polymerized Polyaniline/Zinc-ferrite Composite Particles and Their Dual Electrorheological and Magnetorheological Responses. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7675-7682. [PMID: 32280911 PMCID: PMC7144134 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A functional raspberry-like core-shell composite particle consisting of a conducting polyaniline (PANI) core and magnetic zinc ferrite shell is synthesized by Pickering emulsion polymerization. The morphology and chemical structure of the PANI/zinc-ferrite composite are evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. An electrorheological/magnetorheological fluid consisting of the PANI/zinc-ferrite composite dispersed in silicone oil with a particle concentration of 5 vol % is fabricated. Its rheological characteristics under external electric and magnetic fields are investigated by using a rotational rheometer. Under the electric or magnetic field, the PANI/zinc-ferrite particles form chain-like structures, demonstrating a solid-like state.
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Omambala JR, McIntyre EC, Gallo AA. Electrorheological Effects of Synthesized Octa-cyanopropylsilsesquioxane Cage Structure. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:20955-20963. [PMID: 31867486 PMCID: PMC6921262 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This article introduces a new electrorheological (ER) fluid. A molecular cage structure for electrorheological applications has been synthesized, and the ER behavior of the octa-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) variant in silicone oil (PDMS) has been shown. The hydrolyzation route has been used in the synthesis, the microstructure has been displayed using scanning electron microscopy, the yield has been ascertained, and the compound has been characterized. The rheological properties are demonstrated on the ER fluid through steady flow and oscillatory tests to investigate the effects of change in concentration on the functional group attached to the inorganic silicon-oxygen core structure of the POSS compound. The electrorheological efficiency was analyzed, and dielectric characterization was done. The flow curve was described by the Herschel-Bulkley model, and yield stress values were derived from the model. The octa-cyanoPOSS/PDMS electrorheological fluid has been shown to have ER activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R. Omambala
- Departments of
Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, University of Louisiana at
Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana 70503, United States
| | - Ernest C. McIntyre
- Departments of
Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, University of Louisiana at
Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana 70503, United States
| | - August A. Gallo
- Departments of
Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, University of Louisiana at
Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana 70503, United States
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Omambala JR, McIntyre EC, Gallo AA. Comparing the Electrorheological Effect of Polyhedral Silsesquioxane Cage Structures with Different Numbers of Cyanopropyl Functional Groups. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:20964-20971. [PMID: 31867487 PMCID: PMC6921256 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) particles in silicone oil show electrorheological (ER) activity. The effect of the number of same functional groups attached to POSS cage structures on the ER activity of these structures is discussed in this article. Two compounds of the octahedral geometry (T8) of cyanopropyl POSS (cPOSS) were used for this investigation. One of the compounds (monofunctionalized cPOSS) was commercially available, and the other (octafunctionalized cPOSS) was synthesized. The effects of the number of cyanopropyl functional groups attached to the inorganic silicon-oxygen core structure of the POSS compounds on the rheological properties are demonstrated through steady flow and oscillatory tests. Particular attention is paid to how the number of cyano functional groups affects the behavior of these suspensions of cPOSS compounds in silicone oil under increasing electric field strength. The research also contributed answers to the effects of changing the concentration of the cPOSS particles in the suspension. The flow curve was described by the Herschel-Bulkley model, and the yield stress values were ascertained from the model. The dielectric characterization was also done to support the ER response results, which showed that the octafunctionalized compound gave a better response. The differences in the ER properties of these compounds have also been discussed with the tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R. Omambala
- Departments of
Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, University
of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana 70503, United States
| | - Ernest C. McIntyre
- Departments of
Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, University
of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana 70503, United States
| | - August A. Gallo
- Departments of
Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, University
of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana 70503, United States
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Dong YZ, Seo Y, Choi HJ. Recent development of electro-responsive smart electrorheological fluids. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:3473-3486. [PMID: 30968927 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00210c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of an electrorheological (ER) fluid, as a class of smart soft matter, can be actively and accurately tuned between a liquid- and a solid-like phase by the application of an electric field. ER materials used in ER fluids are electrically polarizable particles, which are attracting considerable attention in addition to further research. This perspective reports the latest ER materials along with their rheological understanding and provides a forward-looking summary of the potential future applications of ER technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhen Dong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
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Kutalkova E, Plachy T, Osicka J, Cvek M, Mrlik M, Sedlacik M. Electrorheological behavior of iron(ii) oxalate micro-rods. RSC Adv 2018; 8:24773-24779. [PMID: 35542126 PMCID: PMC9082650 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03409e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrorheological (ER) fluids represent smart materials with extensive application potential due to their rheological properties which can be readily changed under an external electric field. In this study, the iron(ii) oxalate particles with rod-like morphology were successfully synthesized by the co-precipitation method using sulphate heptahydrate and oxalic acid dihydrate. The characterization of particles was performed via X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. Subsequently, the ER fluids were prepared by dispersing the synthesized particles in silicone oil. The optical microscopy demonstrated the formation of chain-like particle structures upon the application of an electric field. Rheological properties were determined by means of rotational rheometry including creep-recovery experiments. The viscoelastic behavior of systems under investigation in the presence of the electric field was confirmed by the presence of recoverable strain of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kutalkova
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín tr. T. Bati 5678 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - T Plachy
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín tr. T. Bati 5678 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - J Osicka
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín tr. T. Bati 5678 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - M Cvek
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín tr. T. Bati 5678 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - M Mrlik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín tr. T. Bati 5678 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - M Sedlacik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín tr. T. Bati 5678 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
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Dong Y, Liu Y, Wang B, Xiang L, Zhao X, Yin J. Influence of counterion type on dielectric and electrorheological responses of poly(ionic liquid)s. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Taheri H, Stanssens D, Samyn P. Rheological behaviour of oil-filled polymer nanoparticles in aqueous dispersion. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Hydrogel blends with adjustable properties as patches for transdermal delivery. Int J Pharm 2013; 454:47-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Liu YD, Choi HJ. Recent progress in smart polymer composite particles in electric and magnetic fields. POLYM INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dan Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Inha University; Incheon 402-751 Korea
| | - Hyoung Jin Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Inha University; Incheon 402-751 Korea
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Cheng Y, Guo J, Liu X, Sun A, Xu G, Cui P. Preparation of uniform titania microspheres with good electrorheological performance and their size effect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm03378b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Fox JD, Rowan SJ. Supramolecular Polymerizations and Main-Chain Supramolecular Polymers. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901144t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin D. Fox
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202
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Ko YG, Choi US, Chun YJ. Influence of particle size on shear behavior of amine-group-immobilized polyacrylonitrile dispersed suspension under electric field. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 335:183-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Svåsand E, Kristiansen KDL, Martinsen ØG, Helgesen G, Grimnes S, Skjeltorp AT. Behavior of carbon cone particle dispersions in electric and magnetic fields. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shapiro V, Freger V, Linder C, Oren Y. Transport Properties of Highly Ordered Heterogeneous Ion-Exchange Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:9389-99. [DOI: 10.1021/jp711169q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Shapiro
- Department for Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, and Unit of Environmental Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - V. Freger
- Department for Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, and Unit of Environmental Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - C. Linder
- Department for Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, and Unit of Environmental Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Y. Oren
- Department for Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, and Unit of Environmental Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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16
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Structural and electrorheological properties of mesoporous silica modified with triethanolamine. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Tsuda K, Takeda Y, Ogura H, Otsubo Y. Electrorheological behavior of whisker suspensions under oscillatory shear. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Weng W, Beck JB, Jamieson AM, Rowan SJ. Understanding the Mechanism of Gelation and Stimuli-Responsive Nature of a Class of Metallo-Supramolecular Gels. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:11663-72. [PMID: 16939292 DOI: 10.1021/ja063408q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing metal-ligand binding as the driving force for self-assembly of a ditopic ligand, which consists of a 2,6-bis-(1'-methylbenzimidazolyl)-4-oxypyridine moiety attached to either end of a penta(ethylene glycol) core, in the presence of a transition metal ion (Zn(II)) and a lanthanide metal ion (La(III)), we have achieved formation of stimuli-responsive metallo-supramolecular gels. We describe herein a series of experimental studies, including optical and confocal microscopy, dynamic light scattering, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and rheology, to explore the properties of such gels, as well as the nature of the gelation mechanism. Morphological and X-ray diffraction observations suggest gelation occurs via the flocculation of semicrystalline colloidal particles, which results in the gels exhibiting pronounced yielding and thixotropic behavior. Application of mechanical stress results in a decrease in the particle size, which is accompanied by an increase in gel strength after removal of the stress. Moreover, studies show that the presence of lanthanide(III) perchlorate increases the mechano-responsiveness of the gels, as a consequence of reduced crystallinity of the colloidal particles, presumably due to the different coordination ability of lanthanide(III) and zinc(II), which changes the nature of the self-assembly in these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengui Weng
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Di K, Zhu Y, Yang X, Li C. Electrorheological behavior of urea-doped mesoporous TiO2 suspensions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Electrorheological properties of poly(Li-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) suspensions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Di K, Zhu Y, Yang X, Li C. Electrorheological behavior of copper phthalocyanine-doped mesoporous TiO2 suspensions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 294:499-503. [PMID: 16125189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2005] [Revised: 06/21/2005] [Accepted: 07/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A type of anhydrous electrorheological (ER) material of copper phthalocyanine (CuPC)-doped mesoporous TiO2 was synthesized by in situ micelle-assisted incorporation CuPC during mesoporous TiO2 synthesis. TEM, XRD and the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms demonstrated that the material had mesoporous structure and an anatase framework. The ER behavior of the suspensions of CuPC-doped mesoporous TiO2 in silicone oil with the different volume fractions was investigated under an applied electric field. It is found that the suspensions showed visible electrorheological behavior which were compared with that of pure TiO2. The dopants of CuPC molecules within the mesochannel of TiO2 mesoporous sieve improved the conductivity of the particles and produced a proper conductivity of approximately 10(-7) S m(-1). Dielectric spectra of the ER fluid were measured to examine the peak of epsilon'' should appear in the frequency range of 10(2)-10(5) Hz and have a large Deltaepsilon' in this frequency range. Therefore, the both properties may make a conjunct effect on electrorheological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Di
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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22
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Universal yield stress function for biocompatible chitosan based-electrorheological fluid: Effect of particle concentration. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Surface properties of silane-treated titania nanoparticles and their rheological behavior in silicone oil. Macromol Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rowan SJ, Beck JB. Metal–ligand induced supramolecular polymerization: A route to responsive materials. Faraday Discuss 2005; 128:43-53. [PMID: 15658766 DOI: 10.1039/b403135k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of metal-ligand binding as the driving force for the self-assembly polymerizations of a ditopic ligand offers a facile route to the preparation of organic/inorganic hybrid materials. Such metallo-supramolecular polymers potentially offer the functionality of the metal ion along with the processibility of a polymer. We report, herein, the preparation of gel-like metallo-supramolecular polymers prepared from a monomer unit, which consists of a 2,6-bis-(benzimidazolyl)-4-hydroxypyridine unit attached to either end of a polyether chain, mixed with a lanthanoid metal (e.g. La(III), Eu(III)) and a transition metal ion (e.g. Co(II) or Zn(II)). Such materials show dramatic reversible responses to a variety of stimuli, including thermal, mechanical, chemical and light. The nature of the response can be controlled by the nature of the combination of transition metal ion and lanthanoid metal ion used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Rowan
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.
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Zhao Y, Beck JB, Rowan SJ, Jamieson AM. Rheological Behavior of Shear-Responsive Metallo-Supramolecular Gels. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0497005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Zhao
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202
| | - J. Benjamin Beck
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202
| | - Alex M. Jamieson
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202
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