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Pandya P, Giram P, Bhole RP, Chang HI, Raut SY. Nanocarriers based oral lymphatic drug targeting: Strategic bioavailability enhancement approaches. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Szerkus O, Wolska E, Struck-Lewicka W, Siluk D, Radwańska A, Wiczling P, Chorążewicz J, Sznitowska M, Markuszewski MJ, Kaliszan R. Development and validation of UHPLC method for the determination of cyclosporine A in biological samples. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:802-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Szerkus
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics; Medical University of Gdańsk; Poland
| | - Eliza Wolska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Medical University of Gdańsk; Poland
| | | | - Danuta Siluk
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics; Medical University of Gdańsk; Poland
| | - Aleksandra Radwańska
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics; Medical University of Gdańsk; Poland
| | - Paweł Wiczling
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics; Medical University of Gdańsk; Poland
| | | | | | - Michał J. Markuszewski
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics; Medical University of Gdańsk; Poland
| | - Roman Kaliszan
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics; Medical University of Gdańsk; Poland
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He S, Cui Z, Mei D, Zhang H, Wang X, Dai W, Zhang Q. A cremophor-free self-microemulsified delivery system for intravenous injection of teniposide: evaluation in vitro and in vivo. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:846-52. [PMID: 22644709 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to tackle the problems on low water solubility of teniposide, involvement of toxic surfactant in its injection, and the poor stability during infusion, a Cremophor-free teniposide self-microemulsified drug delivery system (TEN-SMEDDS) was prepared for the first time, characterized, and evaluated in comparison with teniposide injection (VUMON) in vitro and in vivo. The optimized formulation contained N, N-dimethylacetamide, medium-chain triglyceride, lecithin, and dehydrated alcohol besides teniposide. The TEN-SMEDDS could form fine droplets with mean diameter of 282 ± 21 nm and zeta potential of -7.5 ± 1.7 mV after dilution with 5% glucose, which were stable within 4 h. The release of teniposide from TEN-SMEDDS and VUMON was similar. However, the pharmacokinetic behavior of TEN-SMEDDS in rats was different from that of VUMON, evidenced by the lower area under the concentration-time curve and larger volume of distribution in emulsion group. Finally, TEN-SMEDDS was found to distribute more teniposide in most tissues, especially in reticuloendothelial system, after intravenous administration to rats. Importantly, brain drug level in TEN-SMEDDS group was higher than or similar to that in control group, although the emulsion system had a lower plasma drug concentration. In conclusion, the novel SMEDDS prepared here, without toxic surfactant and as an oil solution before use, may be potential for clinical use due to its low toxicity and high store stability. It may be favorable for the treatment of some tumors like cerebroma, since it may achieve the relatively higher drug level in brain but lower blood concentration.
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Çelebi N, Yetkin G, Özer Ç, Can A, Gökçora N. Evaluation of microemulsion and liposomes as carriers for oral delivery of transforming growth factor alpha in rats. J Microencapsul 2012; 29:539-48. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.665091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Çelebi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University,
Etiler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülay Yetkin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University,
Etiler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Özer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Gazi University,
Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alp Can
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara University,
Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nahide Gökçora
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gazi University,
Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
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Tyagi P, Kumar A, Kumar Y, Lahiri SS. Synthesis and characterization of poly(HEMA-MAA) hydrogel carrier for oral delivery of insulin. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Oral cyclosporine A--the current picture of its liposomal and other delivery systems. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2008; 14:139-52. [PMID: 19005620 PMCID: PMC6275704 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-008-0041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of cyclosporine A was a milestone in organ transplantation and the treatment of autoimmune diseases. However, developing an efficient oral delivery system for this drug is complicated by its poor biopharmaceutical characteristics (low solubility and permeability) and the need to carefully monitor its levels in the blood. Current research is exploring various approaches, including those based on emulsions, microspheres, nanoparticles, and liposomes. Although progress has been made, none of the formulations is flawless. This review is a brief description of the main pharmaceutical systems and devices that have been described for the oral delivery of cyclosporine A in the context of the physicochemical properties of the drug and the character of its interactions with lipid membranes.
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Wang J, Wang Z, Liu F, Zhao D. Preparation and in vitro Release Test of Insulin Loaded W/O Microemulsion. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690701758525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Ciclosporin A has been used as an immunosuppressor for organ transplantation and other autoimmune disorders for a number of years. Its poor biopharmaceutical characteristics of low solubility and permeability makes the uphill task of designing delivery systems even more challenging for the drug delivery scientist. Works have been performed to investigate administration through various body routes, and have employed approaches that use as emulsions, microspheres, nanoparticles, liposomes, physical and chemical penetration enhancers. Although progress has been made, there is still room for improvement in the application of ciclosporin A, as none of these formulations is ideal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhuo Liu
- Pharmaceutical University of Shenyang, School of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
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Liu C, Wu J, Shi B, Zhang Y, Gao T, Pei Y. Enhancing the bioavailability of cyclosporine a using solid dispersion containing polyoxyethylene (40) stearate. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2006; 32:115-23. [PMID: 16455610 DOI: 10.1080/03639040500388573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Solid dispersion containing polyoxyethylene (40) stearate and cyclosporine A was prepared by solvent-melt method and characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, and Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR). Dissolution of the drug from solid dispersion was dramatically enhanced compared to that from the drug powder alone and physical mixture. In vivo oral bioavailability of cyclosporine A from the solid dispersion in Wistar rats was comparable to that from a commercial product, Sandimmun Neoral (P>0.05). The formulation is stable up to six months under 30 degrees C/RH60% and one year at 25 degrees C/RH 60% when packed in aluminum-polyethylene laminated bags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
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Cilek A, Celebi N, Tirnaksiz F, Tay A. A lecithin-based microemulsion of rh-insulin with aprotinin for oral administration: Investigation of hypoglycemic effects in non-diabetic and STZ-induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharm 2005; 298:176-85. [PMID: 15950411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2005] [Revised: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 04/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a microemulsion formulation providing an improved efficacy of orally administered insulin. The microemulsions were prepared using Labrafil M 1944 CS, Phospholipon 90 G (lecithin), absolute alcohol and bi-distilled water. The microemulsions of recombinant human (rh)-insulin and aqueous solution (200 IU/kg) were administered intragastrically by a canulla to diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Aprotinin (2500 KIU/g) was added as the enzyme inhibitor to the formulation. Upon the administration of intragastric rh-insulin solution (IS) to non-diabetic rats, the plasma glucose and insulin levels were not changed significantly. Therefore, the hypoglycemic effect caused by subcutaneous rh-insulin solution (SC), microemulsion containing rh-insulin (IME) and microemulsion containing rh-insulin and aprotinin (IMEA) were analyzed in diabetic rats. The area above the plasma glucose levels time curves (AAC), minimum glucose concentration (Cmin) and time to Cmin (tmin) were derived from the plasma glucose profiles. IME and IMEA caused approximately 30% decrease in plasma glucose levels. The decrease in the plasma glucose levels continued after the 90th min. The highest AAC value was obtained when IMEA was administered to rats. The maximum plasma insulin concentration (Cmax), time to reach Cmax (tmax), terminal half-life (t(1/2)), area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), mean residence time (MRT) and elimination rate constant (k(el)) values were also calculated. It was observed that t(1/2) values varied between 0.53 and 1.31h. No significant difference could be found between the pharmacokinetic parameters of the IME and IMEA administered groups. Addition of aprotinin to the microemulsion containing rh-insulin increased bioavailability when compared to those not containing it, although the difference is not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cilek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
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Li Y, Zhu KJ, Zhang JX, Jiang HL, Liu JH, Hao YL, Yasuda H, Ichimaru A, Yamamoto K. In vitro and in vivo studies of cyclosporin A-loaded microspheres based on copolymers of lactide and ɛ-caprolactone: Comparison with conventional PLGA microspheres. Int J Pharm 2005; 295:67-76. [PMID: 15847992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2004] [Revised: 01/18/2005] [Accepted: 01/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A hydrophobic peptide, cyclosporin A (CyA), was incorporated in microspheres based on poly(lactide-b-epsilon-caprolactone) (P(LA-b-CL), LA/CL (in molar ratio): 78.7/21.3 and 48.1/51.9) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA, LA/GA: 80/20) using oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion solvent evaporation method. The microspheres were characterized by SEM, DSC and X-ray diffraction, and CyA release rate was determined by HPLC. It was revealed that CyA can be efficiently loaded into all the microspheres (exceed 96%). Compared to PLGA microspheres, P(LA-b-CL) microspheres liberated CyA more rapidly. Within the first day, about 75, 50 and 12% of CyA released from P(LA-b-CL) (48.1/51.9), P(LA-b-CL) (78.7/21.3) and PLGA microspheres, respectively, which can be attributed to the partial crystallization occurring in P(LA-b-CL) microspheres. CyA levels in whole blood were also tested. In comparison with PLGA microspheres, P(LA-b-CL) microspheres provided a higher blood level of CyA. The maximum CyA concentration in whole blood (approximately 520, 450 and 400 ng ml(-1) for P(LA-b-CL) (48.1/51.9) P(LA-b-CL) (78.7/21.3) and PLGA microspheres, respectively) was reached at the second day post administration. And then P(LA-b-CL) microspheres showed a constant CyA level (about 100-200 ng ml(-1)) for extended periods of time (several weeks). Such CyA-loaded P(LA-b-CL) microspheres displaying higher CyA concentration during the first few days and similar constant blood CyA level thereafter showed more advantages than those prepared with PLGA and could meet clinical needs more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Francis MF, Lavoie L, Winnik FM, Leroux JC. Solubilization of cyclosporin A in dextran-g-polyethyleneglycolalkyl ether polymeric micelles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2004; 56:337-46. [PMID: 14602175 DOI: 10.1016/s0939-6411(03)00111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Solubilization of the poorly water-soluble drug, Cyclosporin A (CsA), in aqueous dispersions of dextran-grafted-polyethyleneglycolalkyl ether (DEX-g-PEG-Cn) polymeric micelles was examined as a function of copolymer structure. In aqueous solution, DEX-g-PEG-Cn form polymeric micelles of low critical association concentrations (CAC) and small micelle sizes as determined by fluorescence spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Copolymers with longer polysaccharide chain showed larger CAC and mean diameter. The percentage of CsA loading into micelles was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. It was significantly larger in polymeric micelles compared to unmodified dextrans. It increased with increasing number of PEG-Cn units grafted per dextran chain and decreasing dextran molecular weight. The cytotoxicity of DEX-g-PEG-C(16) polymeric micelles towards Caco-2 cells, tested by MTT cytotoxicity assay, was significantly lower than that of free PEG-C(16) molecules. It can be concluded that the length of the hydrophilic part as well as the content and chemical nature of the hydrophobic substituents have an important effect on the ability of polymeric micelles to solubilize poorly-water soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira F Francis
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Sonoda T, Takata Y, Ueno S, Sato K. DSC and synchrotron-radiation X-ray diffraction studies on crystallization and polymorphic behavior of palm stearin in bulk and oil-in-water emulsion states. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-004-0908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Sonoda
- ; Biomolecular Physical Chemistry Group, Graduate School of Biological Science; Hiroshima University; 1-4-4 Kagamiyama 739-8528 Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
- ; Pharmaceutical Development Laboratories; Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd.; 532-8505 Osaka Japan
| | - Y. Takata
- ; Biomolecular Physical Chemistry Group, Graduate School of Biological Science; Hiroshima University; 1-4-4 Kagamiyama 739-8528 Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
| | - S. Ueno
- ; Biomolecular Physical Chemistry Group, Graduate School of Biological Science; Hiroshima University; 1-4-4 Kagamiyama 739-8528 Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
| | - K. Sato
- ; Biomolecular Physical Chemistry Group, Graduate School of Biological Science; Hiroshima University; 1-4-4 Kagamiyama 739-8528 Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
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Mehl ML, Kyles AE, Craigmill AL, Epstein S, Gregory CR. Disposition of cyclosporine after intravenous and multi-dose oral administration in cats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2003; 26:349-54. [PMID: 14633187 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2003.00496.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the disposition of cyclosporine after intravenous (i.v.) and oral administration and to evaluate single sampling times for therapeutic monitoring of cyclosporine drug concentrations in cats. Six adult male cats (clinically intact) were used. Two treatments consisting of a single i.v. cyclosporine (1 mg/kg) and multiple oral cyclosporine (3 mg/kg b.i.d p.o. for 2 weeks) doses. Whole blood cyclosporine concentrations were measured at fixed times by high performance liquid chromatography and pharmacokinetic values were calculated. Mean values for the i.v. data included AUC (7413 ng/mL.h), t1/2 distribution and elimination (0.705 and 9.7 h, respectively), Cmax (1513 ng/mL), and Vd(ss) (1.71 L/kg). Mean values for the oral data included AUC (6243 ng/mL.h), t1/2 of absorption and elimination (0.227 and 8.19 h, respectively), and Cmax (480.0 ng/mL). Bioavailability of orally administered cyclosporine was 29 and 25% on days 7 and 14 respectively. Whole blood comment cyclosporine concentration 2 h after administration (C2) better correlated with AUC on days 7 and 14 than trough plasma concentration (C12). The rate of oral cyclosporine absorption was less than expected and there was substantial individual variation. Therapeutic drug monitoring strategies for cyclosporine in cats should be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Mehl
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Literature Alerts. J Microencapsul 2003. [DOI: 10.3109/02652040309178054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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