Quantitative analysis of sorbic acid in pharmaceutical cream formulations by liquid chromatography on poly(styrene-divinylbenzene)

Investigation of sorbic acid volatile degradation products in pharmaceutical formulations using static headspace gas chromatography

An analytical method that allows simultaneous analysis of sorbic acid and its degradation products was developed using static headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC). AT-Aquawax-DA, the capillary column used, showed good selectivity and separation towards sorbic acid and its degradation products. Sorbic acid degradation was investigated in both acidic and aqueous media at room and elevated temperatures. In total 12 sorbic acid degradation products were found, 8 of which could be characterized. The method was investigated for its accuracy towards estimation of degradation products. Using the HS-GC method different batches of pharmaceutical preparations such as cold cream, cetomacrogol cream and vaseline were investigated for sorbic acid degradation products which were estimated by applying the standard addition method. Acetaldehyde was found to be the major degradation product. The other identified degradation products were: acetone; 2-methylfuran; crotonaldehyde; alfa-angelicalactone; 2-acetyl, 5-methylfuran; toluene and 2,5-dimethylfuran. Both mass spectrometeric (MS) and flame ionization detection (FID) were used. The qualitative investigation was done on HS-GC-MS and the quantitative work on HS-GC-FID.

Comparing HPLC and UV spectrophotometric analysis methods for determining the stability of sorbic acid in nonionic creams containing lactic acid

This paper describes a comparison between ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods of analysis for the determination of sorbic acid in nonionic creams containing lactic acid. Sorbic acid is an antimycotic agent and is used as a preservative in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food products. UV spectrophotometric analysis was done by calculating the concentration of remaining sorbic acid from the absorbance values and the molar extinction coefficient EM258 = 24,080. A decrease in absorbance at 258 nm was accompanied by a simultaneous increase in total carbonyls and monoaldehyde content and the appearance of a very weak absorption maximum between 215 and 225 nm. HPLC analysis was done with a Hypersil BDS C8 column with detection at 254 nm and employing a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of buffer and methanol (7:3 v/v) at a pH of 2.25. The buffer consisted of 0.85% H2SO4 in 17.5 mM KH2PO4. The validation results, together with statistical treatment of the data, demonstrated the reliability of both procedures. A drawback of the UV methods was, however, its lack of adequate measurement of sorbic acid stability at higher temperatures. For these assays, the HPLC method was found to be adequate, and it should therefore be used to obtain accurate stability data for sorbic acid in creams.