1
|
Eating habits in the population of the Aeolian Islands: an observational study. Public Health Nutr 2018; 22:1590-1596. [PMID: 30585144 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018003397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a study to describe food profile, health status and stroke risk factors in the population of the Aeolian Islands. DESIGN Self-administrated questionnaires regarding eating habits, health status and stroke risk factors were obtained from a sample of the general Aeolian population. We analysed the difference from common healthy eating habits indicated by the Italian Institute of Nutrition. SETTING Current evidence finds the Mediterranean diet is a protective factor for cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. The Aeolian Islands are an interesting study setting because of their peculiarity in the epidemiology of cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. PARTICIPANTS Individuals (n 586; age range 15-93 years; mean 52 (sd 18) years) living in the Aeolian Islands. RESULTS We found low fish consumption in 13·3% and vitamin intake deficiency in 5·8% of participants. A marked excess of saturated fats was observed in 71·0% of participants. Sodium excess was reported almost in half of participants (49·0%). Eating habits were characterized by high consumption of fruits and vegetables, consistent use of olive oil and scanty use of cured meat. Health status as evaluated by the General Health Questionnaire was characterized by 'normal distress' level in the majority of participants. CONCLUSIONS Study findings show the eating habits and health status of the Aeolian people in an interesting setting of low incidence of cerebrovascular disease. This nutrition regimen has been proved to be protective against cerebrovascular disease. Nutrition is likely to contribute to the low incidence of stroke in this population.
Collapse
|
2
|
Nakaguchi H, Matsuno A, Okubo T, Hoya K. Relationship between Silent Brain Infarction and Amount of Daily Coffee Consumption in Middle Age. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 25:1678-1682. [PMID: 27067883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In aging societies such as that of Japan, it is important to characterize lifestyle-related factors that minimize the occurrence of silent brain infarction (SBI) among the middle aged population for preventing vascular dementia in older age. Little is known about the relationship between amount of coffee consumption and SBI. METHODS To assess the association between the amount of coffee consumption and SBI in middle age, we statistically analyzed magnetic resonance imaging findings and data from questionnaires of consecutive 242 healthy Japanese individuals whose ages were less than 65 years and who participated in a medical brain-screening program at Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center from June 2008 to June 2009. RESULTS In comparison with noncoffee drinkers (reference group), coffee drinkers who took 3-4 cups/day and 5 or more cups/day had a statistically lower incidence of SBI (.22, .07-.64, .004 and .43, .19-.99, .043, respectively). Upward logistic regression analysis indicated that SBI was influenced by 3 factors: coffee intake of 3 or more cups/day (.43, .22~.84, .014), history of hypertension (4.2, 2.0~8.8, .0001), and unemployment (2.1, 1.0~4.4, .037). As for consecutive 62 participants whose ages were 65 years or older in the same period, logistic regression analysis did not indicate that drinking coffee affected SBI incidence. CONCLUSIONS Our report demonstrated that SBI was observed less frequently in middle aged Japanese who consumed 3 cups or more of coffee per day. To avoid senile dementia and/or symptomatic infarction in older age, the middle aged individuals might have to drink more than 3 cups of coffee every day.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Akira Matsuno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Okubo
- Department of Radiology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsumi Hoya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu J, Zhu H, Gattoni-Celli S, Taheri S, Kindy MS. Dietary supplementation of GrandFusion(®) mitigates cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal damage and attenuates inflammation. Nutr Neurosci 2015; 19:290-300. [PMID: 25879584 DOI: 10.1179/1476830515y.0000000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dietary supplementation of fruits and vegetables has been the main stay for nutritional benefit and overall well-being. GrandFusion(®) is a nutritional supplement that contains the natural nutrients from whole fruits and vegetables that include complex nutrients and phytonutrients that contain anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. METHODS In this study, C57BL/6 mice were fed a diet supplemented with GrandFusion(®) for 2 months prior to 1 hour of ischemia induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAo) followed by various times of reperfusion. Mice were subjected to MCAo for 1 hour and then at various times following reperfusion, animals were assessed for behavioral outcomes (open field testing, rotarod, and adhesive test removal), and infarct volumes (cresyl violet and triphenyltetrazolium chloride). In addition, to determine the potential mechanisms associated with treatment, the brain tissue was examined for changes in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. RESULTS The GrandFusion(®) diet was able to show a significant protection from infarct damage in the brain and an improvement in neurological outcomes. The diet did not alter heart rate, blood pressure, pO2, pCO2, or pH. In addition, the diet mitigated inflammation by reducing microglial and astrocytic activation following ischemia and reperfusion and limiting oxidative stress. DISCUSSION The study demonstrates the neuroprotective effect of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables that contain anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory against the impact of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yu
- a Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA
| | - Hong Zhu
- a Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA
| | - Sebastiano Gattoni-Celli
- b Department of Radiation Oncology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA.,c Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center , Charleston , SC , USA
| | - Saeid Taheri
- a Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA
| | - Mark Stephen Kindy
- a Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA.,c Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center , Charleston , SC , USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gannon NP, Conn CA, Vaughan RA. Dietary stimulators of GLUT4 expression and translocation in skeletal muscle: a mini-review. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 59:48-64. [PMID: 25215442 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic insulin resistance can lead to type II diabetes mellitus, which is also directly influenced by an individual's genetics as well as their lifestyle. Under normal circumstances, insulin facilitates glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue by stimulating glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation and activity. GLUT4 activity is directly correlated with the ability to clear elevated blood glucose and insulin sensitivity. In diabetes, energy excess and prolonged hyperinsulinemia suppress muscle and adipose response to insulin, in part through reduced GLUT4 membrane levels. This work uniquely describes much of the experimental data demonstrating the effects of various dietary components on GLUT4 expression and translocation in skeletal muscle. These observations implicate several individual dietary chemicals as potential adjuvant therapies in the maintenance of diabetes and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Gannon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kastorini CM, Milionis HJ, Georgousopoulou E, Kostapanos MS, Yannakoulia M, Nikolaou V, Vemmos KN, Goudevenos JA, Panagiotakos DB. Modelling eating practices in non-fatal acute coronary syndrome or stroke development: a case/case-control study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:242-249. [PMID: 22459077 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although significant evidence exists regarding the role of specific foods and dietary patterns on the development of cardiovascular disease, the influence of eating practices has not been thoroughly examined and understood. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the independent role of eating practices on the likelihood of developing an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or ischemic stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS During 2009-2010, 1000 participants were enrolled; 250 were consecutive patients with a first ACS, 250 were consecutive patients with a first ischemic stroke and 500 were population-based control subjects (250 age-sex matched one-for-one with ACS patients, and 250 age-sex matched one-for-one with stroke patients). Eating practices were evaluated using a special questionnaire. Socio-demographic, clinical, psychological, dietary and other lifestyle characteristics were also measured. After controlling for potential confounding factors, each 20 min prolongation of dinner-to-sleep time was associated with 10% lower likelihood of ischemic stroke (95%CI: 0.83-0.98). Furthermore, eating practices related to stress (i.e., eating while being stressed, eating while working at the same time, skipping a meal due to work obligations) were associated with higher likelihood of having an ACS. Finally, eating while watching television was associated with lower likelihood of having an ACS (OR: 0.46, 95%CI: 0.27-0.78) or stroke event (OR: 0.42, 95%CI: 0.23-0.77). CONCLUSION Results of this work, present novel information, indicating the significance of eating practices, in addition to dietary patterns, regarding the development of coronary heart disease and stroke, and could be used in the primary prevention of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Kastorini
- School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ruxton CHS, Gardner EJ, Walker D. Can pure fruit and vegetable juices protect against cancer and cardiovascular disease too? A review of the evidence. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 57:249-72. [PMID: 17127476 DOI: 10.1080/09637480600858134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
While it is widely accepted that fruit and vegetables (F&V) lower the risk of cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), the role of pure fruit and vegetable (PFV) juices is often downplayed. This review poses two questions: Are the protective benefits of F&V dependent upon constituents lacking in PFV juices (e.g. fibre)? Do PFV juices impact on disease risk when considered separately from F&V? Studies comparing the effects of fibre and antioxidants were reviewed, yielding the finding that the impact of F&V may relate more strongly to antioxidants, than to fibre. For the second question, high-quality published studies that considered PFV juices were reviewed. The impact of PFV juices on cancer risk was weakly positive, although a lack of human data and contradictory findings hampered conclusions. For CVD, there was convincing evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies that PFV juices reduced risk via a number of probable mechanisms. It was concluded that the view that PFV juices are nutritionally inferior to F&V, in relation to chronic disease risk reduction, is unjustified.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
In the present review concerning stroke, we evaluate the roles of B vitamins, homocysteine and antioxidant vitamins. Stroke is a leading cause of death in developed countries. However, current therapeutic strategies for stroke have been largely unsuccessful. Several studies have reported important benefits on reducing the risk of stroke and improving the post-stroke-associated functional declines in patients who ate foods rich in micronutrients, including B vitamins and antioxidant vitamins E and C. Folic acid, vitamin B6and vitamin B12are all cofactors in homocysteine metabolism. Growing interest has been paid to hyperhomocysteinaemia as a risk factor for CVD. Hyperhomocysteinaemia has been linked to inadequate intake of vitamins, particularly to B-group vitamins and therefore may be amenable to nutritional intervention. Hence, poor dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6and vitamin B12are associated with increased risk of stroke. Elevated consumption of fruits and vegetables appears to protect against stroke. Antioxidant nutrients have important roles in cell function and have been implicated in processes associated with ageing, including vascular, inflammatory and neurological damage. Plasma vitamin E and C concentrations may serve as a biological marker of lifestyle or other factors associated with reduced stroke risk and may be useful in identifying those at high risk of stroke. After reviewing the observational and intervention studies, there is an incomplete understanding of mechanisms and some conflicting findings; therefore the available evidence is insufficient to recommend the routine use of B vitamins, vitamin E and vitamin C for the prevention of stroke. A better understanding of mechanisms, along with well-designed controlled clinical trials will allow further progress in this area.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mainvil LA, Lawson R, Horwath CC, McKenzie JE, Reeder AI. Validated Scales to Assess Adult Self-Efficacy to Eat Fruits and Vegetables. Am J Health Promot 2009; 23:210-7. [DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.061221154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. An audience-centered approach was used to develop valid and reliable scales to measure adult self-efficacy to eat fruit and vegetables. Design. Cross-sectional survey of a national population. Setting. New Zealand. Subjects. A sample of 350 adults ages 25 to 60 years was randomly selected from a nationally representative sampling frame. Overall, 231 questionnaires were returned, producing a 72% response rate. The mean age of subjects was 42.7 years; 58% were female; 80% were of European descent; 11% were indigenous Maori. Measures. The 76–item, self-administered questionnaire collected data on demographics, fruit and vegetable intakes, stages of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy (24 items). Analysis. Principal components analysis with oblimin rotation was performed. Results. Principal components analysis yielded three distinct and reliable scales for self-efficacy to eat “vegetables, ” “fruit, ”and “fruit and vegetables” (Cronbach α = .80, .85, and .73, respectively). These scales were correlated, but only the “vegetable” scale was positively correlated with the “fruit and vegetable” scale (Kendall tau r = 0.30, −0.26 [fruit, “fruit and vegetables”], −0.38 [fruit, vegetable]). As predicted, self-efficacy was associated with intake (r = 0.30 [fruit], 0.34 [vegetables]). Conclusion. Assuming the factor structure is confirmed in independent samples, these brief, psychometrically sound scales may be used to assess adult self-efficacy to eat fruit and to eat vegetables but not self-efficacy to eat “fruit and vegetables. ”
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise A. Mainvil
- Louise A. Mainvil, MSc, RD; and Caroline C. Horwath, PhD, are with the Department of Human Nutrition; and Rob Lawson, PhD, is with the Department of Marketing; Joanne E. McKenzie, MSc, is with the Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, and Anthony I. Reeder, PhD, is with the Social & Behavioural Research in Cancer Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rob Lawson
- Louise A. Mainvil, MSc, RD; and Caroline C. Horwath, PhD, are with the Department of Human Nutrition; and Rob Lawson, PhD, is with the Department of Marketing; Joanne E. McKenzie, MSc, is with the Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, and Anthony I. Reeder, PhD, is with the Social & Behavioural Research in Cancer Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Caroline C. Horwath
- Louise A. Mainvil, MSc, RD; and Caroline C. Horwath, PhD, are with the Department of Human Nutrition; and Rob Lawson, PhD, is with the Department of Marketing; Joanne E. McKenzie, MSc, is with the Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, and Anthony I. Reeder, PhD, is with the Social & Behavioural Research in Cancer Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Joanne E. McKenzie
- Louise A. Mainvil, MSc, RD; and Caroline C. Horwath, PhD, are with the Department of Human Nutrition; and Rob Lawson, PhD, is with the Department of Marketing; Joanne E. McKenzie, MSc, is with the Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, and Anthony I. Reeder, PhD, is with the Social & Behavioural Research in Cancer Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anthony I. Reeder
- Louise A. Mainvil, MSc, RD; and Caroline C. Horwath, PhD, are with the Department of Human Nutrition; and Rob Lawson, PhD, is with the Department of Marketing; Joanne E. McKenzie, MSc, is with the Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, and Anthony I. Reeder, PhD, is with the Social & Behavioural Research in Cancer Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rivellese AA. Diet and cardiovascular disease: beyond cholesterol. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2005; 15:395-398. [PMID: 16314224 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2005.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Revised: 10/13/2005] [Accepted: 10/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
10
|
Rubba P. Cardiovascular risk in the Mediterranean area is low: impact on clinical decision-making. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2005; 15:399-401. [PMID: 16314225 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2005.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2005] [Revised: 10/10/2005] [Accepted: 10/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this article is to evaluate food properties able to influence specific physiological targets that may be helpful for the prevention and management of overweight and diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Observational and intervention studies have clearly shown that type 2 diabetes can be prevented by lifestyle measures, including reduced energy intake to induce a modest but sustained weight reduction, together with changes in diet composition. SUMMARY Foods can be regarded as functional if proven to affect beneficially one or more target functions in the body, beyond adequate nutritional effects, in a way relevant to improved state of health and well-being, reduction of risk of diseases, or both. Functional foods might have a particularly high impact for prevention or treatment of overweight and diabetes for which, more than in many other fields, the link between nutrition, biological responses and diseases is clearly established. Functional foods for obesity should be able to influence the energy balance equation regulated by the control of energy intake or of energy dissipated as heat (thermogenesis). For prevention of type 2 diabetes, several unmodified foods with functional properties have already been identified (low saturated fat products, vegetables, fruit, wholegrain foods, low glycemic index starchy foods). Overall, the available evidence on functional foods so far identified in this field is incomplete: the major gap is the lack of diet-based intervention trials of sufficient duration to be relevant for the natural history of diseases like overweight and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Medical School, Naples, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Panico S. Improving guidelines for cardiovascular practice? Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2005; 15:334-336. [PMID: 16216718 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Revised: 08/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
13
|
Riccardi G. A letter from the editor. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2005; 15:1-2. [PMID: 15871843 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2005.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|