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Loteprednol loaded nanoformulations for corneal delivery: Ex-vivo permeation study, ocular safety assessment and stability studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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2
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Development of a novel nanoemulgel formulation containing cumin essential oil as skin permeation enhancer. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1455-1465. [PMID: 34275091 PMCID: PMC9061677 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils have been proposed as promising non-toxic transdermal permeation enhancers. Their use is limited because of their low water solubility. The use of nanotechnology-based strategies is one of the ways to overcome this limitation. This study aimed to explore the transdermal permeation enhancing capability of cumin essential oil in nanoemulgel systems containing diclofenac sodium. Cumin essential oil nanoemulsion was produced by high-pressure homogenization technique. The formulation was optimized by changing HLB values in a range of 9.65–16.7 using different surfactant mixtures, namely, Tween 20, Tween 80, and Span 80. Preparations were characterized by polydispersity index, droplet size, and zeta potential. Nanoemulsion with concentrations of 2 and 4% essential oil was incorporated into 0.75% Carbopol gel matrix to make nanoemulgel formulation, and its permeation enhancing effect was performed through Franz diffusion cells. Antinociceptive activities of the formulations were measured in thermal (tail-flick) and chemical (formalin) models of nociception in mice. Characterization exhibited that at HLB value of 9.65, the smallest particle size (82.20 ± 5.82 nm) was formed. By increasing the essential oil percentage in the nanoemulgel from 1 to 2%, the permeation of diclofenac increased from 28.39 ± 1.23 to 34.75 ± 1.07 µg/cm2 at 24 h. The value of permeation from the simple gel (21.18 ± 2.51 µg/cm2) and the marketed product (22.97 ± 1.92 µg/cm2) was lower than the formulations containing essential oil. Nanoemulgel of diclofenac containing essential oil showed stronger antinociceptive effects in formalin and tail-flick tests than simple diclofenac gel and marketed formulation. In conclusion, the study proved that nanoemulgel formulation containing cumin essential oil could be considered as a promising skin enhancer to enhance the therapeutic effect of drugs.
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Li H, Fan TJ, Zou P, Xu B. Diclofenac Sodium Triggers p53-Dependent Apoptosis in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells via ROS-Mediated Crosstalk. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 34:70-79. [PMID: 33356180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac sodium (DFS), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is frequently used in ophthalmology, but it causes negative effects on corneas. The mechanisms underlying the toxicities to corneas remains unclear. The present study was designed to assess the cytotoxicity of DFS to human corneal epithelial (HCEP) cells in vitro and further investigate its related mechanisms. The HCEP cells were treated with DFS at different concentrations ranging from 0.003 125% to 0.1%. DFS showed a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity to HCEP cells including abnormal morphology and declined viability. The 0.05% DFS-treated HCEP cells presented cell cycle arrest at S phase, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, and positive staining of phosphorylated H2AX, suggesting that DFS caused ROS-mediated DNA damage. The upregulation of p53 expression, formation of apoptotic body, phosphatidylserine externalization, and DNA ladder demonstrated that the p53-dependent apoptosis pathway was involved in the cytotoxicity of DFS. Furthermore, DFS activated caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 altered the expression levels of Bcl-2 family proteins including tBid, Bax, and Bcl-2, as well as increased poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. DFS also induced ΔΨm disruption, resulting in the release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor into the cytoplasm. Additionally, the DFS-induced apoptosis was alleviated by p53 inhibitor. Taken together, DFS triggered p53-dependent apoptosis in HCEP cells via ROS-mediated crosstalk between the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Ting-Jun Fan
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Ping Zou
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
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Abstract
Although the eye is an accessible organ for direct drug application, ocular drug delivery remains a major challenge due to multiple barriers within the eye. Key barriers include static barriers imposed by the cornea, conjunctiva, and retinal pigment epithelium and dynamic barriers including tear turnover and blood and lymphatic clearance mechanisms. Systemic administration by oral and parenteral routes is limited by static blood-tissue barriers that include epithelial and endothelial layers, in addition to rapid vascular clearance mechanisms. Together, the static and dynamic barriers limit the rate and extent of drug delivery to the eye. Thus, there is an ongoing need to identify novel delivery systems and approaches to enhance and sustain ocular drug delivery. This chapter summarizes current and recent experimental approaches for drug delivery to the anterior and posterior segments of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcin Yavuz
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, 12850 East Montview Blvd., C238-V20, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Uday B Kompella
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, 12850 East Montview Blvd., C238-V20, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Bongiovì F, Di Prima G, Palumbo FS, Licciardi M, Pitarresi G, Giammona G. Hyaluronic Acid-Based Micelles as Ocular Platform to Modulate the Loading, Release, and Corneal Permeation of Corticosteroids. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Bongiovì
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF); Università degli Studi di Palermo; Via Archirafi 32 90123 Palermo Italy
| | - Giulia Di Prima
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF); Università degli Studi di Palermo; Via Archirafi 32 90123 Palermo Italy
| | - Fabio S. Palumbo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF); Università degli Studi di Palermo; Via Archirafi 32 90123 Palermo Italy
| | - Mariano Licciardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF); Università degli Studi di Palermo; Via Archirafi 32 90123 Palermo Italy
- Mediterranean Center of Human Health Advanced Biotechnologies (CHAB); AteN Center; Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Giovanna Pitarresi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF); Università degli Studi di Palermo; Via Archirafi 32 90123 Palermo Italy
| | - Gaetano Giammona
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF); Università degli Studi di Palermo; Via Archirafi 32 90123 Palermo Italy
- Mediterranean Center of Human Health Advanced Biotechnologies (CHAB); AteN Center; Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18 90128 Palermo Italy
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Varshosaz J, Riahi S, Ghassami E, Jahanian-Najafabadi A. Transferrin-targeted poly(butylene adipate)/terephthalate nanoparticles for targeted delivery of 5-fluorouracil in HT29 colorectal cancer cell line. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911517690756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to design 5-fluorouracil-loaded poly(butylene adipate)/terephthalate (Ecoflex®) nanoparticles for targeting colorectal cancer. The nanoparticles were prepared by emulsification–solvent evaporation method and optimized by a full factorial design. The effects of polymer and surfactant concentration, surfactant type, and stirrer rate were studied on the particle size, zeta potential, loading efficiency, and release efficiency of nanoparticles. For production of targeted nanoparticles, chitosan was conjugated to transferrin which was then coated on the surface of Ecoflex nanoparticles via electrostatic interactions. The conjugation of transferrin/chitosan was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) methods and quantified by ultraviolet spectroscopy assay. The cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil loaded in targeted and non-targeted nanoparticles was studied on human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29), Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells using MTT (thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide) assay. The best results were obtained from nanoparticles prepared by 0.2% of the polymer, 2% of Tween 20, and stirrer speed of 17,500 r/min. The successful conjugation of transferrin/chitosan was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrum and SDS-PAGE results and was about 80%. The targeted nanoparticles showed significantly more cytotoxic effects on HT29 cells compared to free 5-fluorouracil and non-targeted nanoparticles. Blocking transferrin receptors resulted in a significantly higher cell survival for targeted nanoparticles which confirmed receptor-mediated cellular uptake of targeted nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaleh Varshosaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Riahi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Erfaneh Ghassami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Jahanian-Najafabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Preparation of fenofibrate dry emulsion and dry suspension using octenyl succinic anhydride starch as emulsifying agent and solid carrier. Int J Pharm 2016; 498:347-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Pescina S, Govoni P, Potenza A, Padula C, Santi P, Nicoli S. Development of a Convenient ex vivo Model for the Study of the Transcorneal Permeation of Drugs: Histological and Permeability Evaluation. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:63-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Mun EA, Morrison PWJ, Williams AC, Khutoryanskiy VV. On the Barrier Properties of the Cornea: A Microscopy Study of the Penetration of Fluorescently Labeled Nanoparticles, Polymers, and Sodium Fluorescein. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3556-64. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500332m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellina A. Mun
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W. J. Morrison
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian C. Williams
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Vitaliy V. Khutoryanskiy
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
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Lakkadwala S, Nguyen S, Lawrence J, Nauli SM, Nesamony J. Physico-chemical characterisation, cytotoxic activity, and biocompatibility studies of tamoxifen-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles prepared via a temperature-modulated solidification method. J Microencapsul 2014; 31:590-9. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2014.898707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Gaur PK, Mishra S, Purohit S. Solid lipid nanoparticles of guggul lipid as drug carrier for transdermal drug delivery. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:750690. [PMID: 24058913 PMCID: PMC3766613 DOI: 10.1155/2013/750690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diclofenac sodium loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were formulated using guggul lipid as major lipid component and analyzed for physical parameters, permeation profile, and anti-inflammatory activity. The SLNs were prepared using melt-emulsion sonication/low temperature-solidification method and characterized for physical parameters, in vitro drug release, and accelerated stability studies, and formulated into gel. Respective gels were compared with a commercial emulgel (CEG) and plain carbopol gel containing drug (CG) for ex vivo and in vivo drug permeation and anti-inflammatory activity. The SLNs were stable with optimum physical parameters. GMS nanoparticle 1 (GMN-1) and stearic acid nanoparticle 1 (SAN-1) gave the highest in vitro drug release. Guggul lipid nanoparticle gel 3 (GLNG-3) showed 104.68 times higher drug content than CEG in receptor fluid. The enhancement ratio of GLNG-3 was 39.43 with respect to CG. GLNG-3 showed almost 8.12 times higher C(max) than CEG at 4 hours. The AUC value of GLNG-3 was 15.28 times higher than the AUC of CEG. GLNG-3 showed edema inhibition up to 69.47% in the first hour. Physicochemical properties of major lipid component govern the properties of SLN. SLN made up of guggul lipid showed good physical properties with acceptable stability. Furthermore, it showed a controlled drug release profile along with a promising permeation profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Gaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, I.T.S. Paramedical (Pharmacy) College, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Ultra Pradesh 201206, India
| | - Shikha Mishra
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Suresh Purohit
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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12
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Gaur PK, Purohit S, Kumar Y, Mishra S, Bhandari A. Development and characterization of stable nanovesicular carrier for drug delivery. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 42:296-301. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2013.818009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Gaur PK, Purohit S, Kumar Y, Mishra S, Bhandari A. Ceramide-2 nanovesicles for effective transdermal delivery: development, characterization and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:568-76. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.782502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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14
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Gaur PK, Purohit S, Kumar Y, Mishra S, Bhandari A. Preparation, characterization and permeation studies of a nanovesicular system containing diclofenac for transdermal delivery. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 19:48-54. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.751406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Structure and physicochemical properties of octenyl succinic anhydride modified starches: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:905-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Cholkar K, Patel SP, Vadlapudi AD, Mitra AK. Novel strategies for anterior segment ocular drug delivery. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2012; 29:106-23. [PMID: 23215539 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2012.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research advancements in pharmaceutical sciences have led to the development of new strategies in drug delivery to anterior segment. Designing a new delivery system that can efficiently target the diseased anterior ocular tissue, generate high drug levels, and maintain prolonged and effective concentrations with no or minimal side effects is the major focus of current research. Drug delivery by traditional method of administration via topical dosing is impeded by ocular static and dynamic barriers. Various products have been introduced into the market that prolong drug retention in the precorneal pocket and to improve bioavailability. However, there is a need of a delivery system that can provide controlled release to treat chronic ocular diseases with a reduced dosing frequency without causing any visual disturbances. This review provides an overview of anterior ocular barriers along with strategies to overcome these ocular barriers and deliver therapeutic agents to the affected anterior ocular tissue with a special emphasis on nanotechnology-based drug delivery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Cholkar
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108-2718, USA
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Liu D, Ge Y, Tang Y, Yuan Y, Zhang Q, Li R, Xu Q. Solid lipid nanoparticles for transdermal delivery of diclofenac sodium: preparation, characterization andin vitrostudies. J Microencapsul 2010; 27:726-34. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2010.513456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Ahuja M, Dhake AS, Sharma SK, Majumdar DK. Stability studies on aqueous and oily ophthalmic solutions of diclofenac. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2009; 129:495-502. [PMID: 19337004 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.129.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Various aqueous and oily diclofenac ophthalmic formulations were subjected to accelerated and long term stability studies. Degradation of diclofenac was found to follow first-order kinetics. Among the aqueous formulations containing preservative, formulation with PMA, PMN, SA, MP/PP and SMS showed diclofenac content above 90% after 6 months of accelerated and 12 months of room temperature storage. Diclofenac 0.1%, w/v aqueous formulation (pH 7.4), with 5-10% overages, containing SMS, MP/PP or PMN look promising taking both stability and corneal permeability in view. However, for use in cataract surgery formulation without preservative appears ideal. Oily ophthalmic formulations except those in olive and mustard oil, had more than 90% drug content after 6 months of accelerated and 12 months of room temperature storage. Diclofenac (0.2%, w/v) ophthalmic solution in sesame oil with 3% overage and containing benzyl alcohol (0.5%, v/v) as preservative, appears ideal, taking both stability and corneal permeability in view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munish Ahuja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, India
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Ahuja M, Dhake AS, Sharma SK, Majumdar DK. Topical ocular delivery of NSAIDs. AAPS J 2008; 10:229-41. [PMID: 18437583 PMCID: PMC2751374 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-008-9024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2007] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In ocular tissue, arachidonic acid is metabolized by cyclooxygenase to prostaglandins which are the most important lipid derived mediators of inflammation. Presently nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which are cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors are being used for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. NSAIDs used in ophthalmology, topically, are salicylic-, indole acetic-, aryl acetic-, aryl propionic- and enolic acid derivatives. NSAIDs are weak acids with pKa mostly between 3.5 and 4.5, and are poorly soluble in water. Aqueous ophthalmic solutions of NSAIDs have been made using sodium, potassium, tromethamine and lysine salts or complexing with cyclodextrins/solubilizer. Ocular penetration of NSAID demands an acidic ophthalmic solution where cyclodextrin could prevent precipitation of drug and minimize its ocular irritation potential. The incompatibility of NSAID with benzalkonium chloride is avoided by using polysorbate 80, cyclodextrins or tromethamine. Lysine salts and alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate disrupt corneal integrity, and their use requires caution. Thus a nonirritating ophthalmic solution of NSAID could be formulated by dissolving an appropriate water-soluble salt, in the presence of cyclodextrin or tromethamine (if needed) in mildly acidified purified water (if stability permits) with or without benzalkonium chloride and polyvinyl alcohol. Amide prodrugs met with mixed success due to incomplete intraocular hydrolysis. Suspension and ocular inserts appear irritating to the inflamed eye. Oil drop may be a suitable option for insoluble drugs and ointment may be used for sustained effect. Recent studies showed that the use of colloidal nanoparticle formulations and the potent COX 2 inhibitor bromfenac may enhance NSAID efficacy in eye preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munish Ahuja
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, 125 001 Haryana, India
| | - Avinash S. Dhake
- />L.B.Rao Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Khambat, Anand, Gujarat, 388 620 India
| | - Surendra K. Sharma
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, 125 001 Haryana, India
| | - Dipak K. Majumdar
- />Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Formerly College of Pharmacy, (University of Delhi), Pushp Vihar, Sector III, New Delhi, 110017 India
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Ahuja M, Dhake AS, Majumdar DK. Effect of formulation factors on in-vitro permeation of diclofenac from experimental and marketed aqueous eye drops through excised goat cornea. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2007; 126:1369-75. [PMID: 17139162 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.126.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of formulation factors on permeation of diclofenac from some experimental and marketed aqueous eye drops through excised goat cornea was evaluated. Raising the pH of formulation from 6.0 to 8.0 or diclofenac concentration from 0.05 to 0.15% (w/v) or adjusting tonicity with mannitol or addition of viscolizing agent decreased apparent permeability coefficient (Papp). Formulation (pH 7.4) containing sodium metabisulfite or EDTA or combination of methyl and propyl paraben showed significantly (p<0.05) higher Papp whereas benzalkonium chloride (BAC) had no effect and sorbic acid (SA) had reduced permeation. Surprisingly marketed drops containing BAC or SA, showed significantly (p<0.05) higher Papp and decreased in the order of Difen>Voveran>NSAID>Dicol>Diclolab. Lower pH (7.1-7.3) and surface tension of drops indicating presence of surfactant, could mediate increased permeation and presence of buffer could cause irritation on in vivo instillation. The marketed formulations showed corneal hydration >83% suggesting corneal damaging potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munish Ahuja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Haryana, India
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Schubert MA, Müller-Goymann CC. Characterisation of surface-modified solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN): influence of lecithin and nonionic emulsifier. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2005; 61:77-86. [PMID: 16011893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2005.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2004] [Revised: 03/14/2005] [Accepted: 03/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), an alternative colloidal drug delivery system to polymer nanoparticles, emulsions and liposomes, are generally produced by high pressure melt-emulsification. However, the harsh production process is not applicable for formulations containing shear and temperature sensitive compounds. For that reason, subsequent adsorptive SLN loading might be a promising alternative. The aim of the present study was the development and characterisation of surface-modified SLN for adsorptive protein loading by variation of both the lipid matrix and the emulsifier concentration in the continuous phase. Variations in SLN composition resulted in particle sizes between 674 and 61 nm corresponding to specific surfaces of 4.5 m(2)/g and 48.9 m(2)/g and zeta potentials between -23.4 mV and -0.9 mV. In dependence of SLN surface properties, albumin payload ranged from 2.5 to 15%. Thermoanalysis, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy revealed anisometrical and crystalline particles. In vitro cytotoxicity was low in terms of both haemolysis, which was between 1 and 2%, and neutral red test (NRT) showing a half lethal dose between 1.1 and 4.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Schubert
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Reichl S, Döhring S, Bednarz J, Müller-Goymann CC. Human cornea construct HCC-an alternative for in vitro permeation studies? A comparison with human donor corneas. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2005; 60:305-8. [PMID: 15939241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2004.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2004] [Accepted: 09/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transcorneal in vitro permeation studies of ophthalmic drugs are normally performed with either excised animal corneas or latterly corneal cell culture models. A good correlation between these models and excised animal corneas regarding permeation behaviour of drugs has already been shown. However, comparisons between corneal in vitro models containing human cells and excised human corneas do not exist yet. Therefore in the present study the transcorneal permeation of six different model drugs (pilocarpine hydrochloride, befunolol hydrochloride, hydrocortisone, diclofenac sodium, clindamycin hydrochloride and timolol maleate) across our previously described three-dimensional organotypic human cornea construct (HCC) was tested using Franz diffusion cells and compared with permeation data obtained from human donor corneas. The HCC showed a similar permeation behaviour compared with human donor cornea for all substances. The permeabilities (permeation coefficients P) of the human cornea equivalent versus the human donor cornea were the same in the case of diclofenac, clindamycin, timolol, but marginally decreased for hydrocortisone and slightly increased for pilocarpine and befunolol. These small differences of permeation coefficients were expressed as factors and only varied from 0.8 to 1.4. The results indicate that the HCC may be an alternative for in vitro permeation studies and appropriate for predicting drug absorption into the human eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Reichl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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23
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Baydoun L, Düvel A, Daniels R, Drust A, Goldhagen T, Schwan I, Zeidler C, Müller-Goymann CC. Comparison of different ibuprofen-amino acid compounds with respect to emulsifying and cytotoxic properties. Int J Pharm 2004; 274:157-65. [PMID: 15072792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2003] [Revised: 01/06/2004] [Accepted: 01/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sodium ibuprofen (Ibu-Na) and different ibuprofen-amino acid compounds, lysinate (Ibu-Lys), arginate (Ibu-Arg) and histidinate (Ibu-His), were evaluated for emulsifying, haemolytic and cytotoxic properties. The highest reduction of surface tension was obtained with Ibu-Lys which shows good emulsifying qualities. At the same time, Ibu-Lys reveals the highest haemolytic activity and affects porcine cornea integrity. However, incorporation of Ibu-Lys into an emulsion system significantly decreases haemolysis. On the contrary Ibu-Arg, which shows a lower surface tension reduction, allows, unlike Ibu-Na and Ibu-His, for comparably stable emulsions with comparable erythrocyte damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luma Baydoun
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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24
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Baydoun L, Furrer P, Gurny R, Müller-Goymann CC. New surface-active polymers for ophthalmic formulations: evaluation of ocular tolerance. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2004; 58:169-75. [PMID: 15207551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2004.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2003] [Revised: 03/01/2004] [Accepted: 03/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two n-octenylsuccinate starch (AS) types of unknown molecular weights were assessed for ocular tolerance. Irritation potential of different solutions (containing 2 and 15% (w/w) AS) and AS stabilized emulsions (containing 15% (w/w) AS) was evaluated in vivo in rabbit eyes, using a confocal laser scanning microscope, and in vitro on treated excised pig corneas by light microscopy of histological cross sections. Both AS types were previously characterized by viscosity, osmolality and surface tension measurements. All tested solutions and emulsions showed good eye tolerance regardless of concentration and emulsifying properties suggesting AS to be a good alternative to commonly used solubilizing or emulsifying agents in ophthalmic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luma Baydoun
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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