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Shcherbakova LA, Odintsova TI, Stakheev AA, Fravel DR, Zavriev SK. Identification of a Novel Small Cysteine-Rich Protein in the Fraction from the Biocontrol Fusarium oxysporum Strain CS-20 that Mitigates Fusarium Wilt Symptoms and Triggers Defense Responses in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 6:1207. [PMID: 26779237 PMCID: PMC4703993 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The biocontrol effect of the non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strain CS-20 against the tomato wilt pathogen F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) has been previously reported to be primarily plant-mediated. This study shows that CS-20 produces proteins, which elicit defense responses in tomato plants. Three protein-containing fractions were isolated from CS-20 biomass using size exclusion chromatography. Exposure of seedling roots to one of these fractions prior to inoculation with pathogenic FOL strains significantly reduced wilt severity. This fraction initiated an ion exchange response in cultured tomato cells resulting in a reversible alteration of extracellular pH; increased tomato chitinase activity, and induced systemic resistance by enhancing PR-1 expression in tomato leaves. Two other protein fractions were inactive in seedling protection. The main polypeptide (designated CS20EP), which was specifically present in the defense-inducing fraction and was not detected in inactive protein fractions, was identified. The nucleotide sequence encoding this protein was determined, and its complete amino acid sequence was deduced from direct Edman degradation (25 N-terminal amino acid residues) and DNA sequencing. The CS20EP was found to be a small basic cysteine-rich protein with a pI of 9.87 and 23.43% of hydrophobic amino acid residues. BLAST search in the NCBI database showed that the protein is new; however, it displays 48% sequence similarity with a hypothetical protein FGSG_10784 from F. graminearum strain PH-1. The contribution of CS20EP to elicitation of tomato defense responses resulting in wilt mitigating is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa A. Shcherbakova
- Laboratory of Physiological Plant Pathology, All-Russian Research Institute of PhytopathologyMoscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana I. Odintsova
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General GeneticsMoscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Stakheev
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostic, M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Deborah R. Fravel
- Crop Production and Protection, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceBeltsville, MD, USA
| | - Sergey K. Zavriev
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostic, M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
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Alabouvette C, Olivain C, Migheli Q, Steinberg C. Microbiological control of soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi with special emphasis on wilt-inducing Fusarium oxysporum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 184:529-544. [PMID: 19761494 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases induced by soil-borne plant pathogens are among the most difficult to control. In the absence of effective chemical control methods, there is renewed interest in biological control based on application of populations of antagonistic micro-organisms. In addition to Pseudomonas spp. and Trichoderma spp., which are the two most widely studied groups of biological control agents, the protective strains of Fusarium oxysporum represent an original model. These protective strains of F. oxysporum can be used to control wilt induced by pathogenic strains of the same species. Exploring the mechanisms involved in the protective capability of these strains is not only necessary for their development as commercial biocontrol agents but raises many basic questions related to the determinism of pathogenicity versus biocontrol capacity in the F. oxysporum species complex. In this paper, current knowledge regarding the interaction between the plant and the protective strains is reviewed in comparison with interactions between the plant and pathogenic strains. The success of biological control depends not only on plant-microbial interactions but also on the ecological fitness of the biological control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Alabouvette
- UMR 1229, INRA Université de Bourgogne, Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, F 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Chantal Olivain
- UMR 1229, INRA Université de Bourgogne, Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, F 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante and Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Università degli Studi di Sassari,Via Enrico De Nicola 9, I - 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Christian Steinberg
- UMR 1229, INRA Université de Bourgogne, Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, F 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
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Silvar C, Merino F, Díaz J. Resistance in pepper plants induced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici involves different defence-related genes. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2009; 11:68-74. [PMID: 19121115 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) protects pepper plants from subsequent infection with Phytophthora capsici. In the present paper, the level of local and systemic protection achieved by plants induced with FOL was evaluated by quantifying the pathogen biomass and using real-time PCR. Differences in the amount of pathogen were found in stems and roots between FOL-treated and untreated plants, while pathogen biomass could not be detected in leaves of induced plants. Five defence-related genes coding for a PR-1 protein, a beta-1,3-glucanase, a chitinase, a peroxidase and a sesquiterpene cyclase were up-regulated 48 h after treatment in all the tissues studied, and maximal mRNAs levels were found in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Silvar
- Dpto de Bioloxía Animal, Bioloxía Vexetal e Ecoloxía, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, A Coruña, Spain
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Bouizgarne B, El-Maarouf-Bouteau H, Frankart C, Reboutier D, Madiona K, Pennarun AM, Monestiez M, Trouverie J, Amiar Z, Briand J, Brault M, Rona JP, Ouhdouch Y, El Hadrami I, Bouteau F. Early physiological responses of Arabidopsis thaliana cells to fusaric acid: toxic and signalling effects. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2006; 169:209-18. [PMID: 16390432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fusaric acid (FA) is a toxin produced by Fusarium species. Most studies on FA have reported toxic effects (for example, alteration of cell growth, mitochondrial activity and membrane permeability) at concentrations greater than 10(-5) m. FA participates in fungal pathogenicity by decreasing plant cell viability. However, FA is also produced by nonpathogenic Fusarii, potential biocontrol agents of vascular wilt fusaria. The aim of this study was to determine whether FA, at nontoxic concentrations, could induce plant defence responses. Nontoxic concentrations of FA were determined from cell-growth and O2-uptake measurements on suspensions of Arabidopsis thaliana cells. Ion flux variations were analysed from electrophysiological and pH measurements. H2O2 and cytosolic calcium were quantified by luminescence techniques. FA at nontoxic concentrations (i.e. below 10(-6) m) was able to induce the synthesis of phytoalexin, a classic delayed plant response to pathogen. FA could also induce rapid responses putatively involved in signal transduction, such as the production of reactive oxygen species, and an increase in cytosolic calcium and ion channel current modulations. FA can thus act as an elicitor at nanomolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bouizgarne
- LEM (EA 3514), Université Paris 7, 2, Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris cedex 05, France
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Olivain C, Trouvelot S, Binet MN, Cordier C, Pugin A, Alabouvette C. Colonization of flax roots and early physiological responses of flax cells inoculated with pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of Fusarium oxysporum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:5453-62. [PMID: 12957934 PMCID: PMC194917 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.9.5453-5462.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2003] [Accepted: 06/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum includes nonpathogenic strains and pathogenic strains that can induce necrosis or tracheomycosis in plants. The objective of this study was to compare the abilities of a pathogenic strain (Foln3) and a nonpathogenic strain (Fo47) to colonize flax roots and to induce early physiological responses in flax cell culture suspensions. Both strains colonized the outer cortex of the root; however, plant defense reactions, i.e., the presence of wall appositions, osmiophilic material, and collapsed cells, were less frequent and less intense in a root colonized by Foln3 than by Fo47. Early physiological responses were measured in flax cell suspensions confronted with germinated microconidia of both strains. Both pathogenic (Foln3) and nonpathogenic strains (Fo47) triggered transient H(2)O(2) production in the first few minutes of the interaction, but the nonpathogenic strain also induced a second burst 3 h postinoculation. Ca(2+) influx was more intense in cells inoculated with Fo47 than in cells inoculated with Foln3. Similarly, alkalinization of the extracellular medium was higher with Fo47 than with Foln3. Inoculation of the fungi into flax cell suspensions induced cell death 10 to 20 h postinoculation, with a higher percentage of dead cells observed with Fo47 than with Foln3 beginning at 14 h. This is the first report showing that early physiological responses of flax cells can be used to distinguish pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of the soil-borne fungus F. oxysporum.
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Recorbet G, Steinberg C, Olivain C, Edel V, Trouvelot S, Dumas-Gaudot E, Gianinazzi S, Alabouvette C. Wanted: pathogenesis-related marker molecules for Fusarium oxysporum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2003; 159:73-92. [PMID: 33873682 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00795.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Although Fusarium oxysporum pathogens cause severe wilts in about 80 botanical species, the mechanisms of pathogenicity and symptom induction are poorly understood. Knowledge about the genetic and biochemical pathways involved in the pathogenesis of F. oxysporum would be invaluable in getting targets for both fungicide development and search for biocontrol agents. In this respect, we described the main approaches that have been developed to identify some mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of F. oxysporum. During the last decades, the potential functions triggering of F. oysporum pathogenicity have mainly been investigated by comparing soilborne pathogenic strains with nonpathogenic ones with regards to the analysis of the pre- and infection stages and of the resulting plant-fungus interactions. The relatively recent progress in the molecular biology of this fungus has allowed complementary approaches to be developed in order to identify key factors involved in F. oxysporum pathogenicity. Screening mutants of F. oxysporum for loss of virulence led to the successful identification of some pathogenesis-related factors, such as hydrophobicity or attachment of germlings. Taken together, the strategies described above support the idea that changes in fungal metabolism is also of importance in triggering of F. oxysporum pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Recorbet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1088, INRA/Université de Bourgogne: Biochimie, Biologie Cellulaire et Ecologie des Interactions Plantes/Micro-Organismes, INRA-CMSE, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Christian Steinberg
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1088, INRA/Université de Bourgogne: Biochimie, Biologie Cellulaire et Ecologie des Interactions Plantes/Micro-Organismes, INRA-CMSE, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Chantal Olivain
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1088, INRA/Université de Bourgogne: Biochimie, Biologie Cellulaire et Ecologie des Interactions Plantes/Micro-Organismes, INRA-CMSE, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Edel
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1088, INRA/Université de Bourgogne: Biochimie, Biologie Cellulaire et Ecologie des Interactions Plantes/Micro-Organismes, INRA-CMSE, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Trouvelot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1088, INRA/Université de Bourgogne: Biochimie, Biologie Cellulaire et Ecologie des Interactions Plantes/Micro-Organismes, INRA-CMSE, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Eliane Dumas-Gaudot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1088, INRA/Université de Bourgogne: Biochimie, Biologie Cellulaire et Ecologie des Interactions Plantes/Micro-Organismes, INRA-CMSE, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Silvio Gianinazzi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1088, INRA/Université de Bourgogne: Biochimie, Biologie Cellulaire et Ecologie des Interactions Plantes/Micro-Organismes, INRA-CMSE, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Claude Alabouvette
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1088, INRA/Université de Bourgogne: Biochimie, Biologie Cellulaire et Ecologie des Interactions Plantes/Micro-Organismes, INRA-CMSE, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
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Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum is well represented among the rhizosphere microflora. While all strains exist saprophytically, some are well-known for inducing wilt or root rots on plants whereas others are considered as nonpathogenic. Several methods based on phenotypic and genetic traits have been developed to characterize F. oxysporum strains. Results showed the great diversity affecting the soil-borne populations of F. oxysporum. In suppressive soils, interactions between pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains result in the control of the disease. Therefore nonpathogenic strains are developed as biocontrol agents. The nonpathogenic F. oxysporum strains show several modes of action contributing to their biocontrol capacity. They are able to compete for nutrients in the soil, affecting the rate of chlamydospore germination of the pathogen. They can also compete for infection sites on the root, and can trigger plant defence reactions, inducing systemic resistance. These mechanisms are more or less important depending on the strain. The nonpathogenic F. oxysporum are easy to mass produce and formulate, but application conditions for biocontrol efficacy under field conditions have still to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fravel
- USDA, ARS, Vegetable Laboratory, Building 010 A, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - C Olivain
- INRA-CMSE, UMR BBCE-IPM, BP 85610, F-21065 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - C Alabouvette
- INRA-CMSE, UMR BBCE-IPM, BP 85610, F-21065 Dijon Cedex, France
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