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Harrington TC, McNew D, Steimel J, Hofstra D, Farrell R. Phylogeny and taxonomy of theOphiostoma piceaecomplex and the Dutch elm disease fungi. Mycologia 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2001.12061284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Doug McNew
- Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames Iowa, USA 50010
| | - Joseph Steimel
- Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames Iowa, USA 50010
| | - Deborah Hofstra
- Department of Biology, Waikato University, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Roberta Farrell
- Department of Biology, Waikato University, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Li J, Masuya H, Okane I, Yamaoka Y. Ophiostoma sugadairense , a new species in the Ophiostoma piceae complex associated with bark beetles infesting Japanese larch in Japan. MYCOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Chung WH, Kim JJ, Yamaoka Y, Uzunovic A, Masuya H, Breuil C. Ophiostoma breviusculum sp. nov. (Ophiostomatales, Ascomycota) is a new species in the Ophiostoma piceae complex associated with bark beetles infesting larch in Japan. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2006.11832651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsin Chung
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, 250, Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Yuichi Yamaoka
- Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Adnan Uzunovic
- Forintek Canada Corp., Western Laboratory, 2665 East Mall, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 1W5 Canada
| | - Hayato Masuya
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Colette Breuil
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia, 24 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 1Z4 Canada
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Grobbelaar JW, Bloomer P, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD, de Beer ZW, Zhou XD. Discovery of Ophiostoma tsotsi on Eucalyptus wood chips in China. MYCOSCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10267-010-0081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cook SP, Shirley BM, Zambino PJ. Nitrogen concentration in mountain pine beetle larvae reflects nitrogen status of the tree host and two fungal associates. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2010; 39:821-826. [PMID: 20550794 DOI: 10.1603/en09305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Individual lodgepole pines (Pinus contorta) were fertilized with urea at nitrogen (N) inputs equivalent to 0, 315, or 630 kg/ha. Four months after application of the fertilizer, inner bark tissue N concentrations were significantly higher in the trees that had received the low dose (315 kg/ha) fertilization treatment than in the control trees; trees that had received the high-dose treatment (630 kg/ha) were intermediate and not significantly different from either of the other treatments. There was a significant positive correlation between N concentration in inner bark tissue and larval mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). In vitro studies on synthetic growth media examined effects of temperature and N concentration on N concentration of two common fungal associates of the mountain pine beetle (Ophiostoma clavigerum and Ophiostoma montium). Increasing N concentration in growth media significantly increased fungal N concentrations in both O. clavigerum and O. montium. Furthermore, N concentration was consistently higher in O. clavigerum than in O. montium. Neither species had sufficient growth at 30 degrees C, nor did O. clavigerum at 15 degrees C, to test N concentration. However, for O. montium, increasing temperatures decreased fungal N concentrations. There was no correlation between N concentration of O. clavigerum and growth temperature. Potential impacts of ingestion of the fungal species by developing mountain pine beetle larvae-infesting trees under various environmental conditions such as increasing temperatures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Cook
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 82844-1133, USA.
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Grobbelaar JW, Aghayeva DN, de Beer ZW, Bloomer P, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD. Delimitation of Ophiostoma quercus and its synonyms using multiple gene phylogenies. Mycol Prog 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-009-0594-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Carresi L, Comparini C, Bettini PP, Pazzagli L, Cappugi G, Scala F, Scala A. Isolation of the orthologue of the cerato-ulmin gene in Ophiostoma quercus and characterization of the purified protein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 112:1245-55. [PMID: 18783930 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ophiostoma quercus is an ophiostomatoid fungus strictly related to the Ophiostoma's (O. ulmi, O. novo-ulmi, and O. himal-ulmi) that cause Dutch elm disease (DED). O. quercus has a number of morphological characteristics in common with the DED pathogens, and is a well-known and economically important sapstaining fungus occurring worldwide on hardwoods and commercially produced pines, and causes typical cankers on oak stems. In elm trees O. quercus can survive for months without causing any disease symptoms. DED fungi produce cerato-ulmin (CU), a class II hydrophobin, which is generally considered as the main toxin potentially involved in various phases of the DED pathogenesis. In the present work we isolated and sequenced the orthologue of the cu gene in the O. quercus isolates H988, H1042, and H2053. Moreover the CU protein from O. quercus isolate H988 was also purified and characterized. Sequence analysis showed that there is a pronounced difference between the whole cu gene region of O. quercus and the homologous fragments of the DED-causing species O. ulmi, O. novo-ulmi, and O. himal-ulmi. It also appeared that differences in the structural conformation of the promoter were unlikely to play a role in the modulation of the transcript level and that, for O. quercus, differences in CU production did not result from the potential different regulation levels. Clear differences were shown in the transcriptional unit of the cu genes and in the amino acid sequences among all the CUs. The purified O. quercus CU was separated using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight (MALDI-TOF) spectrometry into seven forms of increasing molecular weight from 7190 to 7724Da. The hydrophobicity profiles indicated that two regions of the O. quercus CU protein were more hydrophobic than the corresponding regions of the CUs of the DED fungi. The O. quercus CUs had theoretical isoelectric point values similar to those of the DED fungi. Finally, the contradiction between the consistent differences between these four Ophiostoma species in the cu gene region and in the CU proteins and their strict phylogenetic relationship is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Carresi
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie Agrarie-sezione Patologia Vegetale, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Carlier FX, Decock C, Jacobs K, Maraite H. Ophiostoma arduennense sp. nov. (Ophiostomatales, Ascomycota) from Fagus sylvatica in southern Belgium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 110:801-10. [PMID: 16828272 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2005] [Revised: 03/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ophiostoma arduennense sp. nov. is described from several cultures isolated from Fagus sylvatica in southern Belgium. The species is mainly characterized by globose perithecia with small button-like bases ornamented with brown hyphal hairs of variable length and, long cylindrical necks ending in ostiolate hyphae. It is homothallic with small reniform ascospores and no apparent anamorph. It is closely associated with the ambrosia beetles Xyloterus domesticus and X. signatus. Its phylogenetic relationships within Ophiostoma are discussed and the species is compared with other Ophiostoma species associated with European beech or other broad-leaved trees in Europe, especially species of the O. quercus-O. piceae complex. The species is responsible for a dark brown staining of the sapwood and its role in the decline of beech in Southern Belgium is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Carlier
- Université catholique de Louvain, Unité de Phytopathologie (FYMY), Croix du Sud 2/3, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Marin M, Preisig O, Wingfield BD, Kirisits T, Yamaoka Y, Wingfield MJ. Phenotypic and DNA sequence data comparisons reveal three discrete species in the Ceratocystis polonica species complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 109:1137-48. [PMID: 16279408 DOI: 10.1017/s095375620500362x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ceratocystis polonica and C. laricicola are two morphologically similar species that occur on conifers and reside in the Ceratocystis coerulescens species complex. They, however, represent two ecologically distinct entities. C. polonica causes blue stain on Norway spruce (Picea abies) and other spruce species (Picea spp.) in Eurasia and is associated with the bark beetles Ips typographus, I. typographus japonicus, I. amitinus and I. duplicatus. In contrast, C. laricicola lives in a symbiotic relationship with the bark beetles Ips cembrae and I. subelongatus that infest various larch species (Larix spp.). The objective of this study was to consider the phylogenetic relationships of C. polonica and C. laricicola and more specifically to determine the identity of Japanese isolates from both spruce and larch, based on sequences derived from the ITS regions of the rRNA operon, the beta-tubulin gene and the HMG box of the MAT-2 gene. Isolates were also compared based on morphology and cultural characteristics. Comparisons of anamorph and teleomorph structures confirmed that C. polonica and C. laricicola are indistinguishable based on morphology. Both species had an optimal growth temperature of 25 degrees C. However, at temperatures between 31-33 degrees, C. polonica isolates grew slowly or not at all, while C. laricicola isolates grew more actively at these temperatures. Thus, a growth test at 32 degrees can differentiate these species. Phylograms generated using parsimony for the three gene regions were strongly congruent. These showed three distinct clades supported by high bootstrap values. Two of the clades clearly separate C. laricicola from Europe and C. polonica, supporting the view that they represent two discrete taxa. A third clade included isolates obtained from galleries of Ips subelongatus on Larix kaempferi in Japan. This fungus clearly represents a discrete taxon that is closely related to, but distinct from C. laricicola, which is described here as C. fujiensis sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Marin
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
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Jacobs K, Kirisits T. Ophiostoma kryptum sp. nov. from Larix decidua and Picea abies in Europe, similar to O. minus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 107:1231-42. [PMID: 14635771 DOI: 10.1017/s0953756203008402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An unknown species of Ophiostoma was isolated from European larch (Larix decidua) infested by Tetropium gabrieli (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) infested by Tetropium sp. in Austria. The fungus is similar to O. minus, but distinguished from it by the ecology, colony morphologies on OA and MEA, and phylogenetic analysis of aligned DNA sequences of the ITS region of the rDNA operon and the partial beta-tubulin gene. It is described here as O. kryptum sp. nov. The new species readily produces perithecia with short necks and reniform ascospores, and has Hyalorhinocladiella and Leptographium-like anamorphs. Circumstantial evidence suggests that Tetropium spp. act as vectors of O. kryptum. O. minus and O. kryptum represent additional examples of morphologically similar, yet genetically and ecologically distinct species in the genus Ophiostoma. The new combination, O. crenulatum comb. nov. (syn. CeratocYstiopsis crenulata), is also made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Jacobs
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada.
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de Beer ZW, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ. The Ophiostoma piceae complex in the Southern Hemisphere: a phylogenetic study. MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2003; 107:469-76. [PMID: 12825520 DOI: 10.1017/s0953756203007445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Ophiostoma piceae species complex incorporates several economically important species, including serious tree pathogens and agents of bluestain. The species in the complex are morphologically similar, but can be distinguished from each other based on morphology, biology, mating type studies and molecular data. At present, all the species in the complex are considered to be native to the Northern Hemisphere, most of them with a very wide distribution. Only a few sporadic reports of members of the complex are available from the Southern Hemisphere, where they are believed to have been introduced, including New Zealand, Australia, Chile, Brazil and Uruguay. This study aims to confirm the identity of isolates resembling O. piceae originating from three Southern Hemisphere countries, using mating compatibility and rDNA sequencing. Our results show that O. quercus is widely distributed throughout South Africa on both native and exotic hardwoods. O. quercus is also reported for the first time from Brazil, again from a native host. O. floccosum is reported for the first time from South Africa, but from an exotic Pinus sp. These results suggest that species of the O. piceae complex are common in the Southern Hemisphere, and that current views on the origins of especially O. quercus need to be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
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Gagné P, Yang DQ, Hamelin RC, Bernier L. Genetic Variability of Canadian Populations of the Sapstain Fungus Ophiostoma piceae. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2001; 91:369-376. [PMID: 18943849 DOI: 10.1094/phyto.2001.91.4.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Genetic diversity was studied in seven Canadian populations of Ophiostoma piceae, the most prevalent sapstain fungus in Canadian softwoods. A total of 239 single-spore isolates were recovered following a systematic survey of sapstain fungi in logs and lumber at seven selected sawmills in six Canadian provinces (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario, Québec, and New Brunswick). Sampling was carried out on five commercially important softwood species: balsam fir (Abies balsamea), white spruce (Picea glauca), black spruce (Picea mariana), jack pine (Pinus banksiana), and lodgepole pine (Pinus con-torta var. latifolia). The A and B mating types occurred at equal frequency (MAT A/ MAT B = 1.00:1.13) over all populations. Pseudo-allelic frequencies were estimated at each of 24 putative genetic loci by scoring for presence or absence of random amplified polymorphic DNA fragments generated by five primers. A total of 237 haplotypes were found among the 239 isolates, revealing a high level of genotypic diversity among isolates. Total gene diversity (H(T) = 0.414) was mostly attributable to diversity within populations (H(S) = 0.369). Thus, only 11.2% of the total variability was attributable to frequency differences among populations. An analysis of molecular variance revealed that most genetic variability occurred within subpopulations within mills (84.3%; P < 0.001), whereas low but statistically significant levels of genetic differentiation were also observed among subpopulations within populations (5.4%; P < 0.001) and among populations (10.3%; P < 0.001). Estimates of Nei' genetic distances were not correlated with geographic distances among sampling locations (r = -0.092; P = 0.310), although principal component analysis indicated that subpopulations located east of Saskatchewan were grouped on the same side of the second principal component axis. Overall, results suggest moderate genetic differentiation of O. piceae in Canada, which is consistent with the observation that sexual reproduction is frequently observed in this fungus.
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Del Sorbo G, Scala F, Parrella G, Lorito M, Comparini C, Ruocco M, Scala A. Functional expression of the gene cu, encoding the phytotoxic hydrophobin cerato-ulmin, enables Ophiostoma quercus, a nonpathogen on elm, to cause symptoms of Dutch elm disease. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2000; 13:43-53. [PMID: 10656584 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We studied the involvement of the phytotoxic hydrophobin cerato-ulmin (CU) in pathogenesis and virulence of Dutch elm disease (DED) by expressing its encoding gene (cu) in Ophiostoma quercus, a nonpathogenic species on elm closely related to the DED pathogens O. ulmi and O. novo-ulmi. The production of the toxin was quantitatively determined in culture filtrates and in mycelial extracts of the transformants. Production of CU in vitro was associated with the ability to cause typical DED symptoms, consisting of foliar yellow and wilting and vascular tissue discoloration on a moderately resistant elm genotype. The presence of CU was monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in symptomatic leaves of plants inoculated with O. quercus transformants expressing CU and found to be associated with wilt symptoms. In general, the virulence of the cu-expressing transformants, as measured in terms of vascular discoloration and percentage of defoliation, was lower than that of the mildly pathogenic isolate E2 of O. ulmi. However, one transformant (C39) displayed a virulence level intermediate between that of E2 and 182, a highly virulent isolate of O. novo-ulmi. Our results indicate that CU production influences virulence in nonaggressive strains of Ophiostoma fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Del Sorbo
- Dipartimento ARBOPAVE, Università di Napoli Federico II, and CETE-LOBI, Portici, Italy
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Brasier CM. Episodic selection as a force in fungal microevolution, with special reference to clonal speciation and hybrid introgression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1139/b95-381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Episodic selection encompasses any sudden environmental disturbance likely to lead to a significant alteration in a species' population structure. Such disturbances include geographical transposition, a change in substrate availability, exposure to a new host or a new vector, climate change, and pollution stress. Today, such events may often be brought about by man. Their role in the promotion of fungal microevolution is discussed. In some circumstances, episodic selection may result in the emergence of a highly fitted clone from an originally heterogeneous population, and sustained disturbance may lead to clonal speciation. Clonal speciation accompanied by loss of sexual function, whether under episodic selection or under less intensive but analagous environmental conditions, could account for the origin of many of today's imperfect taxa (Deuteromycotina). Geographical transposition, a special form of episodic selection, can lead to hybridization between previously allopatric species. This may result in modifications to existing species via the acquisition of new loci or cytoplasmic elements, in the production of new taxa via secondary speciation, or in the emergence of hybrid swarms. Episodic selection will also favour survival of novel genotypes by providing new habitats for exploitation, so encouraging novel evolutionary development. Key words: episodic selection, fungal speciation, hybridization, introgression.
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Pipe N, Buck K, Brasier C. Genomic fingerprinting supports the separation of Ophiostoma piceae into two species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Brasier C, Mehrotra M. Ophiostoma himal-ulmi sp. nov., a new species of Dutch elm disease fungus endemic to the Himalayas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Halmschlager E, Messner R, Kowalski T, Prillinger H. Differentiation of Ophiostoma piceae and Ophiostoma quercus by Morphology and RAPD Analysis. Syst Appl Microbiol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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