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Liao X, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Zhou J, Ding T, Feng J. Advancing point-of-care microbial pathogens detection by material-functionalized microfluidic systems. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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2
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Pani I, Sil S, Pal SK. Liquid Crystal Biosensors: A New Therapeutic Window to Point-of-Care Diagnostics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:909-917. [PMID: 36634050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
After revolutionizing the field of electro-optic displays, liquid crystals (LCs) are emerging as functional soft materials with wide-ranging biomedical implications. Integrating smart sensor designs with label-free imaging presents exciting opportunities in diagnostics. In this Perspective, we present an elegant collage of the key findings that demonstrate the utility of LC biosensors in diagnosing a disease or infection in clinical samples, cellular microenvironments, or bodily fluids. We emphasize the currently prevalent diagnostic techniques and the advances made using LCs in achieving greater sensitivity, a simplified strategy, multiplexed detection, and so on. We collate the landmark contributions in translational research in LC-based diagnostics. We believe that developing LC-based biosensors presents a new therapeutic window in point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Pani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Soma Sil
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
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3
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Mi F, Guan M, Hu C, Peng F, Sun S, Wang X. Application of lectin-based biosensor technology in the detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria: a review. Analyst 2021; 146:429-443. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01459a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria pose a serious threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Mi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang normal University
- Urumqi
- China
- Xinjiang bingtuan Xingxin Vocational and Technical College
| | - Ming Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang normal University
- Urumqi
- China
| | - Cunming Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang normal University
- Urumqi
- China
| | - Fei Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang normal University
- Urumqi
- China
| | - Shijiao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang normal University
- Urumqi
- China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang normal University
- Urumqi
- China
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4
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Comparative analysis of the sensitivity of metagenomic sequencing and PCR to detect a biowarfare simulant (Bacillus atrophaeus) in soil samples. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177112. [PMID: 28472119 PMCID: PMC5417559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the sensitivity of high-throughput DNA sequencing for monitoring biowarfare agents in the environment, we analysed soil samples inoculated with different amounts of Bacillus atrophaeus, a surrogate organism for Bacillus anthracis. The soil samples considered were a poorly carbonated soil of the silty sand class, and a highly carbonated soil of the silt class. Control soil samples and soil samples inoculated with 10, 103, or 105 cfu were processed for DNA extraction. About 1% of the DNA extracts was analysed through the sequencing of more than 108 reads. Similar amounts of extracts were also studied for Bacillus atrophaeus DNA content by real-time PCR. We demonstrate that, for both soils, high-throughput sequencing is at least equally sensitive than real-time PCR to detect Bacillus atrophaeus DNA. We conclude that metagenomics allows the detection of less than 10 ppm of DNA from a biowarfare simulant in complex environmental samples.
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5
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Low-Cost Charged-Coupled Device (CCD) Based Detectors for Shiga Toxins Activity Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28281260 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6848-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
To improve food safety there is a need to develop simple, low-cost sensitive devices for detection of food-borne pathogens and their toxins. We describe a simple, low-cost webcam-based detector which can be used for various optical detection modalities, including fluorescence, chemiluminescence, densitometry, and colorimetric assays. The portable battery-operated CCD-based detection system consists of four modules: (1) a webcam to measure and record light emission, (2) a sample plate to perform assays, (3) a light emitting diode (LED) for illumination, and (4) a portable computer to acquire and analyze images. To demonstrate the technology, we used a cell based assay for fluorescence detection of the activity of the food borne Shiga toxin type 2 (Stx2), differentiating between biologically active toxin and inactive toxin which is not a risk. The assay is based on Shiga toxin inhibition of cell protein synthesis measured through inhibition of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). In this assay, GFP emits light at 509 nm when excited with a blue LED equipped with a filter at 486 nm. The emitted light is then detected with a green filter at 535 nm. Toxin activity is measured through a reduction in the 509 nm emission. In this system the level of detection (LOD) for Stx2 was 0.1 pg/ml, similar to the LOD of commercial fluorometers. These results demonstrate the utility and potential of low cost detectors for toxin activity. This approach could be readily adapted to the detection of other food-borne toxins.
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6
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Nanayakkara IA, Cao W, White IM. Simplifying Nucleic Acid Amplification from Whole Blood with Direct Polymerase Chain Reaction on Chitosan Microparticles. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3773-3779. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imaly A. Nanayakkara
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Weidong Cao
- Canon U.S. Life Sciences, Inc., Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Ian M. White
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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7
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Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Based Identification and Detection of Fungi Belongs to Genus Fusarium. Fungal Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-34106-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Cationized Magnetoferritin Enables Rapid Labeling and Concentration of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria in Magnetic Cell Separation Columns. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:3599-3604. [PMID: 27060124 PMCID: PMC4959160 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00720-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to identify pathogens rapidly and reliably, bacterial capture and concentration from large sample volumes into smaller ones are often required. Magnetic labeling and capture of bacteria using a magnetic field hold great promise for achieving this goal, but the current protocols have poor capture efficiency. Here, we present a rapid and highly efficient approach to magnetic labeling and capture of both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria using cationized magnetoferritin (cat-MF). Magnetic labeling was achieved within a 1-min incubation period with cat-MF, and 99.97% of the labeled bacteria were immobilized in commercially available magnetic cell separation (MACS) columns. Longer incubation times led to more efficient capture, with S. aureus being immobilized to a greater extent than E. coli. Finally, low numbers of magnetically labeled E. coli bacteria (<100 CFU per ml) were immobilized with 100% efficiency and concentrated 7-fold within 15 min. Therefore, our study provides a novel protocol for rapid and highly efficient magnetic labeling, capture, and concentration of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global challenge. Rapid identification of pathogens will retard the spread of AMR by enabling targeted treatment with suitable agents and by reducing inappropriate antimicrobial use. Rapid detection methods based on microfluidic devices require that bacteria are concentrated from large volumes into much smaller ones. Concentration of bacteria is also important to detect low numbers of pathogens with confidence. Here, we demonstrate that magnetic separation columns capture small amounts of bacteria with 100% efficiency. Rapid magnetization was achieved by exposing bacteria to cationic magnetic nanoparticles, and magnetized bacteria were concentrated 7-fold inside the column. Thus, bacterial capture and concentration were achieved within 15 min. This approach could be extended to encompass the capture and concentration of specific pathogens, for example, by functionalizing magnetic nanoparticles with antibodies or small molecule probes.
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9
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Zhao X, Dong T. A household LOC device for online monitoring bacterial pathogens in drinking water with green design concept. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2013:1708-11. [PMID: 24110035 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6609848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial waterborne pathogens often threaten the water safety of the drinking water system. In order to protect the health of home users, a household lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device was developed for online monitoring bacterial pathogens in drinking water, which are in accord with green design concept. The chip integrated counter-flow micromixers, a T-junction droplet generator and time-delay channels (TD-Cs), which can mix water sample and reactants into droplets in air flow and incubate the droplets in the LOC for about 18 hours before observation. The detection module was simplified into a transparent observation chamber, from which the home users can evaluate the qualitative result by naked eyes. The liquid waste generated by the LOC system was sterilized and absorbed by quicklime powders. No secondary pollution was found. The preliminary test of the prototype system met its design requirements.
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10
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Granberg F, Karlsson OE, Leijon M, Liu L, Belák S. Molecular approaches to recognize relevant and emerging infectious diseases in animals. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1247:109-24. [PMID: 25399090 PMCID: PMC7123086 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2004-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Since the introduction of the first molecular tests, there has been a continuous effort to develop new and improved assays for rapid and efficient detection of infectious agents. This has been motivated by a need for improved sensitivity as well as results that can be easily communicated. The experiences and knowledge gained at the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Collaborating Centre for Biotechnology-based Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in Veterinary Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden, will here be used to provide an overview of the different molecular approaches that can be used to diagnose and identify relevant and emerging infectious diseases in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Granberg
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Biotechnology-Based Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden,
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11
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Harrison GF, Scheirer JL, Melanson VR. Development and validation of an arthropod maceration protocol for zoonotic pathogen detection in mosquitoes and fleas. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2015; 40:83-89. [PMID: 26047188 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne diseases remain a pressing international public health concern. While progress has been made in the rapid detection of arthropod-borne pathogens via quantitative real-time (qPCR), or even hand-held detection devices, a simple and robust maceration and nucleic acid extraction method is necessary to implement biosurveillance capabilities. In this study, a comparison of maceration techniques using five types of beads followed by nucleic acid extraction and detection were tested using two morphologically disparate arthropods, the Aedes aegypti mosquito and Xenopsylla spp. flea, to detect the zoonotic diseases dengue virus serotype-1 and Yersinia pestis. Post-maceration nucleic acid extraction was carried out using the 1-2-3 Platinum-Path-Sample-Purification (PPSP) kit followed by qPCR detection using the Joint Biological Agent Identification and Diagnostic System (JBAIDS). We found that the 5mm stainless steel beads added to the beads provided in the PPSP kit were successful in macerating the exoskeleton for both Ae. aegypti and Xenopsylla spp. Replicates in the maceration/extraction/detection protocol were increased in a stepwise fashion until a final 128 replicates were obtained. For dengue virus detection there was a 99% positivity rate and for Y. pestis detection there was a 95% positive detection rate. In the examination of both pathogens, there were no significant differences between qPCR instruments, days ran, time of day ran, or operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genelle F Harrison
- McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Jessica L Scheirer
- Diagnostics and Laboratory Services Department, Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910, U.S.A
| | - Vanessa R Melanson
- Diagnostics and Laboratory Services Department, Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910, U.S.A..
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12
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Bartsch MS, Edwards HS, Lee D, Moseley CE, Tew KE, Renzi RF, Van de Vreugde JL, Kim H, Knight DL, Sinha A, Branda SS, Patel KD. The rotary zone thermal cycler: a low-power system enabling automated rapid PCR. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118182. [PMID: 25826708 PMCID: PMC4380418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in molecular biology, microfluidics, and laboratory automation continue to expand the accessibility and applicability of these methods beyond the confines of conventional, centralized laboratory facilities and into point of use roles in clinical, military, forensic, and field-deployed applications. As a result, there is a growing need to adapt the unit operations of molecular biology (e.g., aliquoting, centrifuging, mixing, and thermal cycling) to compact, portable, low-power, and automation-ready formats. Here we present one such adaptation, the rotary zone thermal cycler (RZTC), a novel wheel-based device capable of cycling up to four different fixed-temperature blocks into contact with a stationary 4-microliter capillary-bound sample to realize 1-3 second transitions with steady state heater power of less than 10 W. We demonstrate the utility of the RZTC for DNA amplification as part of a highly integrated rotary zone PCR (rzPCR) system that uses low-volume valves and syringe-based fluid handling to automate sample loading and unloading, thermal cycling, and between-run cleaning functionalities in a compact, modular form factor. In addition to characterizing the performance of the RZTC and the efficacy of different online cleaning protocols, we present preliminary results for rapid single-plex PCR, multiplex short tandem repeat (STR) amplification, and second strand cDNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Bartsch
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Daniel Lee
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Karen E. Tew
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, United States of America
| | - Ronald F. Renzi
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Hanyoup Kim
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Anupama Sinha
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, United States of America
| | - Steven S. Branda
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, United States of America
| | - Kamlesh D. Patel
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, United States of America
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13
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Label-free detection of pathogenic bacteria via immobilized antimicrobial peptides. Talanta 2015; 137:55-61. [PMID: 25770606 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel label-free strategy for the detection of bacteria was developed by using a specific antimicrobial peptide (AMP)-functionalized quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) electrode. This electrode interface was successfully applied to detect pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 based on the specific affinity between the small synthetic antimicrobial peptide and the bacterial cell of pathogenic E. coli O157:H7. The concentrations of pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 were sensitively measured by the frequency response of the QCM with a detection limit of 0.4 cfu μL(-1). The detection can be fulfilled within 10 min because it does not require germiculture process. On the other hand, if the specific antimicrobial peptides were immobilized on a gold electrode, this label-free strategy can also be performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Compared with QCM technique, the EIS measurement gives a lower sensitivity and needs a longer assay time. The combination of antimicrobial peptides with the real-time responses of QCM, as well as electronic read-out monitoring of EIS, may open a new way for the direct detection of bacteria.
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14
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Dual labeled Ag@SiO₂ core-shell nanoparticle based optical immunosensor for sensitive detection of E. coli. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 45:337-42. [PMID: 25491837 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An optical nanobiosensor is presented using a fluorescent dye and anti-E. coli McAb anchored Ag@Silica core shell nanoparticles, for rapid and sensitive Escherichia coli detection in environmental samples. The synthesized dual labeled core shell (DLCS) nanoparticle shows intense fluorescence at 620 nm in solution, having a narrow emission with full width at half maxima (FWHM) of 10 nm, as a prerequisite to develop a sensitive detection platform for various biosensing applications. The specific E. coli was captured using an anti-E. coli antibody functionalized quartz glass, followed by a treatment with DLCS, where the photoluminescence spectroscopy was used to detect the target pathogen. The fabrication of the quartz glass based optical-immunosensor was monitored, and the results show changes in the photoluminescent patterns, which substantiate that varied species were immobilized on the surface of the antibody modified quartz glass. Consequently, the optical immunosensor demonstrated specificity and improved sensitivity, as compared to the customary methods, and was able to detect as low as 5CFU/mL. The developed DLCS based optical immunosensor was evaluated with environmental water samples, which showed acceptable precision, reproducibility and stability, and could be readily applied to the routine monitoring of pathogenic microorganisms in the environmental samples, and most importantly, demonstrate the potential of a prototype development of a simple and inexpensive diagnostic technique.
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15
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Pandey CM, Tiwari I, Sumana G. Hierarchical cystine flower based electrochemical genosensor for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04511d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis and self-assembly of cystine flowers on gold electrode for biosensing application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Mouli Pandey
- Biomedical Instrumentation Section
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi-110012, India
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
| | - Ida Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Gajjala Sumana
- Biomedical Instrumentation Section
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi-110012, India
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16
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Gianluca B, Anna M, Roberta M, Domenico M, Simonetta G. C, Francesca P, Catherine M. B, Geraldine D, Mazzette R. Detection of genes encoding for virulence and adherence factors in Escherichia coli isolated in slaughtered Sarda breed sheep. Vet Microbiol 2014; 168:234-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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17
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Richardson JA, Morgan T, Andreou M, Brown T. Use of a large Stokes-shift fluorophore to increase the multiplexing capacity of a point-of-care DNA diagnostic device. Analyst 2013; 138:3626-8. [PMID: 23675581 DOI: 10.1039/c3an00593c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The intense demand for fluorescence-based point of care (POC) DNA diagnostics is driving developments to reduce the size of instrumentation, imposing limitations on the optical hardware that can be included. Here we describe a combination of instrumentation and fluorogenic probes to detect three fluorophores using two excitation and two detection channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Richardson
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, UK
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18
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Akanda MR, Tamilavan V, Park S, Jo K, Hyun MH, Yang H. Hydroquinone Diphosphate as a Phosphatase Substrate in Enzymatic Amplification Combined with Electrochemical–Chemical–Chemical Redox Cycling for the Detection of E. coli O157:H7. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1631-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3028855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rajibul Akanda
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of
Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Vellaiappillai Tamilavan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of
Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonhwa Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of
Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Jo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of
Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ho Hyun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of
Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Haesik Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of
Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Rasooly A, Kostov Y, Bruck HA. Charged-coupled device (CCD) detectors for Lab-on-a Chip (LOC) optical analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 949:365-385. [PMID: 23329454 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-134-9_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A critical element of any Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) is a detector; among the many detection approaches, optical detection is very widely used for biodetection. One challenge for advancing the development of LOC for biodetection has been to enhance the portability and lower the cost for Point-of-Care diagnostics, which has the potential to enhance the quality of healthcare delivery for underserved populations and for global health. We describe a simple and relatively low cost charged-coupled device (CCD)-based detector that can be integrated with a conventional microtiter plate or a portable LOC assay for various optical detection modalities including fluorescence, chemiluminescence, densitometry, and colorimetric assays. In general, the portable battery-operated CCD-based detection system consists of four modules: (1) a cooled CCD digital camera to monitor light emission, (2) a LOC or microtiter plate to perform assays, (3) a light source to illuminate the assay (such as electroluminescence (EL) or light emitting diode (LED)), and (4) a portable computer to acquire and analyze images. The configuration of the fluorescence detector presented here was designed to measure fluorogenic excitation at 490 nm and to monitor emission at 523 nm used for FITC detection.The LOC used for this detection system was fabricated with laminated object manufacturing (LOM) technology, and was designed to detection activity of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT-A) using a fluorogenic peptide substrate (SNAP-25) for botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT-A) labeled with FITC. The limit of detection (LOD) for the CCD detector is 0.5 nM (25 ng/ml). The portable system is small and is powered by a 12 V source. The modular detector was designed with easily interchangeable LEDs, ELs, filters, lenses, and LOC, and can be used and adapted for a wide variety of densitometry, florescence and colorimetric assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avraham Rasooly
- Division of Biology, Office of Science and Engineering, FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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20
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Kumar H, Rani R. Development of biosensors for the detection of biological warfare agents: its issues and challenges. Sci Prog 2013; 96:294-308. [PMID: 24244972 PMCID: PMC10365506 DOI: 10.3184/003685013x13777066241280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses current development in biosensors for the detection of biological warfare agents (BWAs). BWAs include bacteria, virus and toxins that are added deliberately into air water and food to spread terrorism and cause disease or death. The rapid and unambiguous detection and identification of BWAs with early warning signals for detecting possible biological attack is a major challenge for government agencies particularly military and health. The detection devices--biosensors--can be classified (according to their physicochemical transducers) into four types: electrochemical, nucleic acid, optical and piezoelectric. Advantages and limitations of biosensors are discussed in this review followed by an assessment of the current state of development of different types of biosensors. The research and development in biosensors for biological warfare agent detection is of great interest for the public as well as for governments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Ch. Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana 125 055, India.
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21
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Usachev EV, Pankova AV, Rafailova EA, Pyankov OV, Agranovski IE. Portable automatic bioaerosol sampling system for rapid on-site detection of targeted airborne microorganisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 14:2739-45. [PMID: 22951953 DOI: 10.1039/c2em30317e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioaerosols could cause various severe human and animal diseases and their opportune and qualitative precise detection and control is becoming a significant scientific and technological topic for consideration. Over the last few decades bioaerosol detection has become an important bio-defense related issue. Many types of portable and stationary bioaerosol samplers have been developed and, in some cases, integrated into automated detection systems utilizing various microbiological techniques for analysis of collected microbes. This paper describes a personal sampler used in conjunction with a portable real-time PCR technique. It was found that a single fluorescent dye could be successfully used in multiplex format for qualitative detection of numerous targeted bioaerosols in one PCR tube making the suggested technology a reliable "first alert" device. This approach has been specifically developed and successfully verified for rapid detection of targeted microorganisms by portable PCR devices, which is especially important under field conditions, where the number of microorganisms of interest usually exceeds the number of available PCR reaction tubes. The approach allows detecting targeted microorganisms and triggering some corresponding sanitary and quarantine procedures to localize possible spread of dangerous infections. Following detailed analysis of the sample under controlled laboratory conditions could be used to exactly identify which particular microorganism out of a targeted group has been rapidly detected in the field. It was also found that the personal sampler has a collection efficiency higher than 90% even for small-sized viruses (>20 nm) and stable performance over extended operating periods. In addition, it was found that for microorganisms used in this project (bacteriophages MS2 and T4) elimination of nucleic acids isolation and purification steps during sample preparation does not lead to the system sensitivity reduction, which is extremely important for development of miniature bioaerosol monitoring instrumentation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny V Usachev
- Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, QLD, Australia
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22
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Strotman LN, Lin G, Berry SM, Johnson EA, Beebe DJ. Facile and rapid DNA extraction and purification from food matrices using IFAST (immiscible filtration assisted by surface tension). Analyst 2012; 137:4023-8. [PMID: 22814365 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35506j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extraction and purification of DNA is a prerequisite to detection and analytical techniques. While DNA sample preparation methods have improved over the last few decades, current methods are still time consuming and labor intensive. Here we demonstrate a technology termed IFAST (Immiscible Filtration Assisted by Surface Tension), that relies on immiscible phase filtration to reduce the time and effort required to purify DNA. IFAST replaces the multiple wash and centrifugation steps required by traditional DNA sample preparation methods with a single step. To operate, DNA from lysed cells is bound to paramagnetic particles (PMPs) and drawn through an immiscible fluid phase barrier (i.e. oil) by an external handheld magnet. Purified DNA is then eluted from the PMPs. Here, detection of Clostridium botulinum type A (BoNT/A) in food matrices (milk, orange juice), a bioterrorism concern, was used as a model system to establish IFAST's utility in detection assays. Data validated that the DNA purified by IFAST was functional as a qPCR template to amplify the bont/A gene. The sensitivity limit of IFAST was comparable to the commercially available Invitrogen ChargeSwitch® method. Notably, pathogen detection via IFAST required only 8.5 μL of sample and was accomplished in five-fold less time. The simplicity, rapidity and portability of IFAST offer significant advantages when compared to existing DNA sample preparation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay N Strotman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Miniaturized nucleic acid amplification systems for rapid and point-of-care diagnostics: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 733:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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De Boer SH, López MM. New grower-friendly methods for plant pathogen monitoring. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2012; 50:197-218. [PMID: 22607454 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-081211-172942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Accurate plant disease diagnoses and rapid detection and identification of plant pathogens are of utmost importance for controlling plant diseases and mitigating the economic losses they incur. Technological advances have increasingly simplified the tools available for the identification of pathogens to the extent that, in some cases, this can be done directly by growers and producers themselves. Commercially available immunoprinting kits and lateral flow devices (LFDs) for detection of selected plant pathogens are among the first tools of what can be considered grower-friendly pathogen monitoring methods. Research efforts, spurned on by point-of-care needs in the medical field, are paving the way for the further development of on-the-spot diagnostics and multiplex technologies in plant pathology. Grower-friendly methods need to be practical, robust, readily available, and cost-effective. Such methods are not restricted to on-the-spot testing but extend to laboratory services, which are sometimes more practicable for growers, extension agents, regulators, and other users of diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solke H De Boer
- Charlottetown Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 5T1 Canada.
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25
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Usachev EV, Agranovski IE. Internally controlled PCR system for detection of airborne microorganisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 14:1631-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2em30019b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Wang JH, Wang CH, Lee GB. Sample pretreatment and nucleic acid-based detection for fast diagnosis utilizing microfluidic systems. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 40:1367-83. [PMID: 22146901 PMCID: PMC7088154 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) technology and micromachining techniques have enabled miniaturization of biomedical devices and systems. Not only do these techniques facilitate the development of miniaturized instrumentation for biomedical analysis, but they also open a new era for integration of microdevices for performing accurate and sensitive diagnostic assays. A so-called “micro-total-analysis-system”, which integrates sample pretreatment, transport, reaction, and detection on a small chip in an automatic format, can be realized by combining functional microfluidic components manufactured by specific MEMS technologies. Among the promising applications using microfluidic technologies, nucleic acid-based detection has shown considerable potential recently. For instance, micro-polymerase chain reaction chips for rapid DNA amplification have attracted considerable interest. In addition, microfluidic devices for rapid sample pretreatment prior to nucleic acid-based detection have also achieved significant progress in the recent years. In this review paper, microfluidic systems for sample preparation, nucleic acid amplification and detection for fast diagnosis will be reviewed. These microfluidic devices and systems have several advantages over their large-scale counterparts, including lower sample/reagent consumption, lower power consumption, compact size, faster analysis, and lower per unit cost. The development of these microfluidic devices and systems may provide a revolutionary platform technology for fast sample pretreatment and accurate, sensitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hao Wang
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Hung Wang
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Gwo-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan, ROC
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Arora P, Sindhu A, Dilbaghi N, Chaudhury A. Biosensors as innovative tools for the detection of food borne pathogens. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 28:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Matero P, Hemmilä H, Tomaso H, Piiparinen H, Rantakokko-Jalava K, Nuotio L, Nikkari S. Rapid field detection assays for Bacillus anthracis, Brucella spp., Francisella tularensis and Yersinia pestis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17:34-43. [PMID: 20132255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rapid detection is essential for timely initiation of medical post-exposure prophylactic measures in the event of intentional release of biological threat agents. We compared real-time PCR assay performance between the Applied Biosystems 7300/7500 and the RAZOR instruments for specific detection of the causative agents of anthrax, brucellosis, tularemia and plague. Furthermore, an assay detecting Bacillus thuringiensis, a Bacillus anthracis surrogate, was developed for field-training purposes. Assay sensitivities for B. anthracis, Brucella spp., Francisella tularensis and Yersinia pestis were 10-100 fg of target DNA per reaction, and no significant difference in assay performance was observed between the instrument platforms. Specificity testing of the diagnostic panels with both instrument platforms did not reveal any cross-reactivity with other closely related bacteria. The duration of thermocycling with the RAZOR instrument was shorter, i.e. 40 min as compared with 100 min for the Applied Biosystems 7300/7500 instruments. These assays provide rapid tools for the specific detection of four biological threat agents. The detection assays, as well as the training assay for B. thuringiensis powder preparation analysis, may be utilized under field conditions and for field training, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Matero
- CB Defence and Environmental Health Centre, Centres for Biothreat Preparedness and Military Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
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29
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Seto Y. Research and Development of On-site Decontamination System for Biological and Chemical Warfare Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.57.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Seto
- Third Department of Forensic Science, National Research Institute of Police Science
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Distinguishing Tropical Infectious Diseases from Bioterrorism. TROPICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES: PRINCIPLES, PATHOGENS AND PRACTICE 2011. [PMCID: PMC7150159 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-3935-5.00125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Scherer JR, Liu P, Mathies RA. Design and operation of a portable scanner for high performance microchip capillary array electrophoresis. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:113105. [PMID: 21133459 DOI: 10.1063/1.3502457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a compact, laser-induced fluorescence detection scanner, the multichannel capillary array electrophoresis portable scanner (McCAEPs) as a platform for electrophoretic detection and control of high-throughput, integrated microfluidic devices for genetic and other analyses. The instrument contains a confocal optical system with a rotary objective for detecting four different fluorescence signals, a pneumatic system consisting of two pressure/vacuum pumps and 28 individual addressable solenoid valves for control of on-chip microvalves and micropumps, four Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) temperature control systems, and four high voltage power supplies for electrophoresis. The detection limit of the instrument is ~20 pM for on-chip capillary electrophoresis of fluorescein dyes. To demonstrate the system performance for forensic short tandem repeat (STR) analysis, two experiments were conducted: (i) electrophoretic separation and detection of STR samples on a 96-lane microfabricated capillary array electrophoresis microchip. Fully resolved PowerPlex(®) 16 STR profiles amplified from 1 ng of 9947A female standard DNA were successfully obtained; (ii) nine-plex STR amplification, sample injection, separation, and fluorescence detection of 100-copy 9948 male standard DNA in a single integrated PCR- capillary electrophoresis microchip. These results demonstrate that the McCAEPs can be used as a versatile control and detection instrument that operates integrated microfluidic devices for high-performance forensic human identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Scherer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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32
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Neuzil P, Novak L, Pipper J, Lee S, Ng LFP, Zhang C. Rapid detection of viral RNA by a pocket-size real-time PCR system. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:2632-2634. [PMID: 20676411 DOI: 10.1039/c004921b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present an economical, battery-powered real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) system suitable for field and point-of-care applications; it has a built-in thermal management, a fluorescence-based detection system, and a single chip controller with a graphic touch-screen display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Neuzil
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, #04-01, Singapore 138669.
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33
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Chen D, Mauk M, Qiu X, Liu C, Kim J, Ramprasad S, Ongagna S, Abrams WR, Malamud D, Corstjens PLAM, Bau HH. An integrated, self-contained microfluidic cassette for isolation, amplification, and detection of nucleic acids. Biomed Microdevices 2010; 12:705-19. [PMID: 20401537 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-010-9423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A self-contained, integrated, disposable, sample-to-answer, polycarbonate microfluidic cassette for nucleic acid-based detection of pathogens at the point of care was designed, constructed, and tested. The cassette comprises on-chip sample lysis, nucleic acid isolation, enzymatic amplification (polymerase chain reaction and, when needed, reverse transcription), amplicon labeling, and detection. On-chip pouches and valves facilitate fluid flow control. All the liquids and dry reagents needed for the various reactions are pre-stored in the cassette. The liquid reagents are stored in flexible pouches formed on the chip surface. Dry (RT-)PCR reagents are pre-stored in the thermal cycling, reaction chamber. The process operations include sample introduction; lysis of cells and viruses; solid-phase extraction, concentration, and purification of nucleic acids from the lysate; elution of the nucleic acids into a thermal cycling chamber and mixing with pre-stored (RT-)PCR dry reagents; thermal cycling; and detection. The PCR amplicons are labeled with digoxigenin and biotin and transmitted onto a lateral flow strip, where the target analytes bind to a test line consisting of immobilized avidin-D. The immobilized nucleic acids are labeled with up-converting phosphor (UCP) reporter particles. The operation of the cassette is automatically controlled by an analyzer that provides pouch and valve actuation with electrical motors and heating for the thermal cycling. The functionality of the device is demonstrated by detecting the presence of bacterial B.Cereus, viral armored RNA HIV, and HIV I virus in saliva samples. The cassette and actuator described here can be used to detect other diseases as well as the presence of bacterial and viral pathogens in the water supply and other fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafeng Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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34
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Detection technologies for Bacillus anthracis: Prospects and challenges. J Microbiol Methods 2010; 82:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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35
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Choi JY, Seo TS. An integrated microdevice for high-performance short tandem repeat genotyping. Biotechnol J 2010; 4:1530-41. [PMID: 19844914 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200900202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Short tandem repeat (STR) analysis provides genetic fingerprinting of individuals, and is considered as a powerful and indispensable technique for forensic human identification. However, the current state-of-the-art STR genotyping processes and instruments are labor intensive, expensive, time consuming, and lack portability. Micro-total-analysis systems or lab-on-a-chip platforms based on microfabrication technologies have the capability to miniaturize and integrate bioanalysis steps in a single format. Recent progress in microsystems has demonstrated their successful performance for the forensic STR typing with a reduced cost, high speed, and improved high throughput. The purpose of this review article is to highlight up-to-date work on advanced microdevices for high-throughput STR genotyping, and a portable integrated microsystem for on-site forensic DNA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Young Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Program), Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
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36
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Luo L, Hou W, Yu J. Novel Real-Time Fluorescent PCR Chip Applied to Examine the Ankylosing Spondylitis. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802677167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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37
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Shabani A, Zourob M, Allain B, Marquette CA, Lawrence MF, Mandeville R. Bacteriophage-modified microarrays for the direct impedimetric detection of bacteria. Anal Chem 2009; 80:9475-82. [PMID: 19072262 DOI: 10.1021/ac801607w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel method is presented for the specific and direct detection of bacteria using bacteriophages as recognition receptors immobilized covalently onto functionalized screen-printed carbon electrode (SPE) microarrays. The SPE networks were functionalized through electrochemical oxidation in acidic media of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) by applying a potential of +2.2 V to the working electrode. Immobilization of T4 bacteriophage onto the SPEs was achieved via EDC by formation of amide bonds between the protein coating of the phage and the electrochemically generated carboxylic groups at the carbon surface. The surface functionalization with EDC, and the binding of phages, was verified by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. The immobilized T4 phages were then used to specifically detect E. coli bacteria. The presence of surface-bound bacteria was verified by scanning electron and fluorescence microscopies. Impedance measurements (Nyquist plots) show shifts of the order of 10(4) Omega due to the binding of E. coli bacteria to the T4 phages. No significant change in impedance was observed for control experiments using immobilized T4 phage in the presence of Salmonella. Impedance variations as a function of incubation time show a maximum shift after 20 min, indicating onset of lysis, as also confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Concentration-response curves yield a detection limit of 10(4) cfu/mL for 50-microL samples.
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38
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Semi-automated bacterial spore detection system with micro-fluidic chips for aerosol collection, spore treatment and ICAN DNA detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:3299-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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Lui C, Cady NC, Batt CA. Nucleic Acid-based Detection of Bacterial Pathogens Using Integrated Microfluidic Platform Systems. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2009; 9:3713-44. [PMID: 22412335 PMCID: PMC3297159 DOI: 10.3390/s90503713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The advent of nucleic acid-based pathogen detection methods offers increased sensitivity and specificity over traditional microbiological techniques, driving the development of portable, integrated biosensors. The miniaturization and automation of integrated detection systems presents a significant advantage for rapid, portable field-based testing. In this review, we highlight current developments and directions in nucleic acid-based micro total analysis systems for the detection of bacterial pathogens. Recent progress in the miniaturization of microfluidic processing steps for cell capture, DNA extraction and purification, polymerase chain reaction, and product detection are detailed. Discussions include strategies and challenges for implementation of an integrated portable platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Lui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering / Cornell University, 317 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Nathaniel C. Cady
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering / University at Albany State University of New York, 255 Fuller Rd., Albany, NY 12203, USA; E-Mail: (N.C.C.)
| | - Carl A. Batt
- Department of Food Science / Cornell University, 312 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; E-Mail: (C.A.B.)
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40
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Lenahan M, O’Brien S, Byrne C, Ryan M, Kennedy CA, McNamara E, Fanning S, Sheridan J, Sweeney T. Molecular characterization of Irish E. coli O157:H7 isolates of human, bovine, ovine and porcine origin. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:1340-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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Lenahan M, Crowley H, O'Brien SB, Byrne C, Sweeney T, Sheridan JJ. The potential use of chilling to control the growth of Enterobacteriaceae on porcine carcasses and the incidence of E. coli O157:H7 in pigs. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106:1512-20. [PMID: 19187133 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To (i) monitor the presence of Enterobacteriaceae as indicators of faecal contamination on pig carcasses, (ii) examine the potential use of chilling as a critical control point (CCP) and establish its influence on pig carcass categorization by Decision 471/EC and (iii) determine the incidence of E. coli O157:H7 in pigs. METHODS AND RESULTS Porcine faecal samples and carcass swabs were collected before and after chilling at four Irish pig abattoirs and examined for Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli O157:H7. Chilling generally reduced Enterobacteriaceae counts on carcasses, but increases were also observed, particularly in one abattoir. E. coli O157:H7 was absent from carcasses before chilling, present on 0.21% after chilling and was recovered from 0.63% of faecal samples. All of the isolates were found to contain virulence genes associated with clinical illness in humans. CONCLUSIONS The data show that overall chilling had the capacity to reduce the numbers of carcasses positive for the presence of Enterobacteriaceae. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY The influence of chilling on the categorization of pig carcasses suggests that it has the potential to improve the numbers of acceptable carcasses and the process could be used as a CCP within a HACCP plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lenahan
- Teagasc, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland.
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42
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Herold KE, Sergeev N, Matviyenko A, Rasooly A. Rapid DNA amplification using a battery-powered thin-film resistive thermocycler. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 504:441-58. [PMID: 19159110 PMCID: PMC2844723 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-569-9_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
A prototype handheld, compact, rapid thermocycler was developed for multiplex analysis of nucleic acids in an inexpensive, portable configuration. Instead of the commonly used Peltier heating/cooling element, electric thin-film resistive heater and a miniature fan enable rapid heating and cooling of glass capillaries leading to a simple, low-cost Thin-Film Resistive Thermocycler (TFRT). Computer-based pulse width modulation control yields heating rates of 6-7 K/s and cooling rates of 5 K/s. The four capillaries are closely coupled to the heater, resulting in low power consumption. The energy required by a nominal PCR cycle (20 s at each temperature) was found to be 57+/-2 J yielding an average power of approximately 1.0 W (not including the computer and the control system). Thus the device can be powered by a standard 9 V alkaline battery (or other 9 V power supply). The prototype TFRT was demonstrated (in a benchtop configuration) for detection of three important food pathogens (E. coli ETEC, Shigella dysenteriae, and Salmonella enterica). PCR amplicons were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. The 35 cycle PCR protocol using a single channel was completed in less then 18 min. Simple and efficient heating/cooling, low cost, rapid amplification, and low power consumption make the device suitable for portable DNA amplification applications including clinical point of care diagnostics and field use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith E Herold
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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43
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Kostov Y, Sergeev N, Wilson S, Herold KE, Rasooly A. A simple portable electroluminescence illumination-based CCD detector. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 503:259-72. [PMID: 19151946 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-567-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter we describe a simple and relatively inexpensive Electroluminescence (EL) illumination and charged-coupled device (CCD) camera (EL-CCD) based detector for monitoring fluorescence and colorimetric assays. The portable battery-operated fluorescence detector includes an EL panel for fluoro-genic excitation at 490 nm, a cooled CCD digital camera to monitor emission at 523 nm, filters and a close up lens. The detector system is controlled by a laptop computer for camera operation, image acquisition and analysis. The system was tested using a fluorogenic peptide substrate (SNAP-25) for botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT-A) labeled with FITC. The level of detection of the system was found to be 1.25 nM of the peptide, similar to the detection level of a commercial photomultipler-based plate fluorometer. The multichannel EL-CCD was used with an assay plate capable of testing nine samples simultaneously in 1 min at this detection level. The portable system is small and is operated by a 12 V source. The modular detector was designed with easily interchangeable ELs, filters and lenses and can be used and adapted for a wide variety of fluorescence and colorimetric assays, fluorescence labels and assay formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordan Kostov
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sohni Y, Kanjilal S, Kapur V. Cloning and development of synthetic internal amplification control for Bacillus anthracis real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 61:471-5. [PMID: 18513914 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An internal amplification control (IAC) was developed for Bacillus anthracis rpoB gene detection using TaqMan assay. Synthetic IAC oligonucleotides were subcloned using vector pDG1730 for ectopic integration into host Bacillus subtilis strain 1A772 genome. Differentially labeled target and IAC probes were used in real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. There was no nonspecific cross-detection in single-well reactions. Limit of detection for both target and IAC DNA was 5 fg corresponding to a single gene copy. The IAC, in conjunction with target system, should decrease the rate of false-positive and false-negative results in real-time PCR assays.
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Lenahan M, O'Brien S, Kinsella K, Sweeney T, Sheridan JJ. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Irish lamb carcasses, fleece and in faeces samples. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 103:2401-9. [PMID: 18045425 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03476.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the prevalence, seasonal variation and virulence characteristics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in lambs presented for slaughter in Ireland. METHODS AND RESULTS Over a 13-month period, pre- and postchill carcass swabs, faeces and fleece samples from 1600 lambs were examined for the presence of E. coli O157:H7. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was isolated from 5.75% (23/400) of fleece samples, 1.5% (6/400) of pre- and 1% (4/400) of postchill carcass swabs but was not isolated in faeces (0/400). The present study detected no evidence of seasonal variation. Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that both the vt1 and vt2 genes associated with clinical illness were carried by five of the E. coli O157:H7 isolates, while 24 of the remaining isolates carried the vt2 gene only. Phage typing detected four different subtypes: PT 32 (48.48%), PT 8 (12.12%), PT 31 (12.12%) and PT 21/28 (12.12%). CONCLUSIONS Escherichia coli O157:H7 is present in lambs at slaughter in Irish abattoirs and the virulence profiles of these isolates reveals that they are potentially harmful to humans. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The present study provides crucial information indicating that sheep may be a significant contributing source to human E. coli O157:H7 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lenahan
- Teagasc, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland.
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Absorbance Based Light Emitting Diode Optical Sensors and Sensing Devices. SENSORS 2008; 8:2453-2479. [PMID: 27879829 PMCID: PMC3673425 DOI: 10.3390/s8042453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ever increasing demand for in situ monitoring of health, environment and security has created a need for reliable, miniaturised sensing devices. To achieve this, appropriate analytical devices are required that possess operating characteristics of reliability, low power consumption, low cost, autonomous operation capability and compatibility with wireless communications systems. The use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) as light sources is one strategy, which has been successfully applied in chemical sensing. This paper summarises the development and advancement of LED based chemical sensors and sensing devices in terms of their configuration and application, with the focus on transmittance and reflectance absorptiometric measurements.
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Wu ZY, Chen K, Qu BY, Tian XX, Wang XJ, Fang F. A thermostat chip of indium tin oxide glass substrate for static polymerase chain reaction and in situ real time fluorescence monitoring. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 610:89-96. [PMID: 18267144 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A thermostat chip of indium-tin oxide glass substrate for static chip polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is, for the first time, introduced in this paper. The transparent conductive layer was used as an electro-heating element. Pulse width modulation and fuzzy proportional integration-differentiation algorithm were adopted in the temperature programming of the chip. The temperature distribution was investigated, and a dynamic control precision within +/-2 degrees C was achieved. The highest ramping rates were 37 degrees Cs(-1) for heating and 8 degrees Cs(-1) for cooling with an electric fan. The PCR reaction vials were constructed with polyethylene tubes or poly(dimethylsiloxane) directly on the thermostat chip; the chip had a typical size of 25 mm x 25 mm and a thickness of 1.1mm. Static chip PCR was successfully demonstrated either in a single vial or in an up to 8-parallel array vials. In situ real time fluorescence monitoring during PCR of a lambda DNA fragments (236bp) with SYBR Green I was demonstrated using a blue light emission diode as a light source and a photomultiplier as a detector. The method proposed here is characterized by open access, easy fabrication and low cost. This work could be the basis for developing a portable real time PCR system with disposable chips for point of care tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Wu
- Research Center of Analytical Science, Northeastern University, Wenhua Road 3-11, Shenyang 110004, PR China.
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SETO Y, KANAMORI-KATAOKA M, TSUGE K. Mass Spectrometric Technologies for Countering Chemical and Biological Terrorism Incidents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.5702/massspec.56.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shriver‐Lake LC, Erickson JS, Sapsford KE, Ngundi MM, Shaffer KM, Kulagina NV, Hu JE, Gray SA, Golden JP, Ligler FS, Taitt CR. Blind Laboratory Trials for Multiple Pathogens in Spiked Food Matrices. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710701672798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Saikaly PE, Barlaz MA, de Los Reyes FL. Development of quantitative real-time PCR assays for detection and quantification of surrogate biological warfare agents in building debris and leachate. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:6557-65. [PMID: 17720820 PMCID: PMC2075066 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00779-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of the fate and transport of biological warfare (BW) agents in landfills requires the development of specific and sensitive detection assays. The objective of the current study was to develop and validate SYBR green quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) assays for the specific detection and quantification of surrogate BW agents in synthetic building debris (SBD) and leachate. Bacillus atrophaeus (vegetative cells and spores) and Serratia marcescens were used as surrogates for Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) and Yersinia pestis (plague), respectively. The targets for SYBR green Q-PCR assays were the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) region and recA gene for B. atrophaeus and the gyrB, wzm, and recA genes for S. marcescens. All assays showed high specificity when tested against 5 ng of closely related Bacillus and Serratia nontarget DNA from 21 organisms. Several spore lysis methods that include a combination of one or more of freeze-thaw cycles, chemical lysis, hot detergent treatment, bead beat homogenization, and sonication were evaluated. All methods tested showed similar threshold cycle values. The limit of detection of the developed Q-PCR assays was determined using DNA extracted from a pure bacterial culture and DNA extracted from sterile water, leachate, and SBD samples spiked with increasing quantities of surrogates. The limit of detection for B. atrophaeus genomic DNA using the ITS and B. atrophaeus recA Q-PCR assays was 7.5 fg per PCR. The limits of detection of S. marcescens genomic DNA using the gyrB, wzm, and S. marcescens recA Q-PCR assays were 7.5 fg, 75 fg, and 7.5 fg per PCR, respectively. Quantification of B. atrophaeus vegetative cells and spores was linear (R(2) > 0.98) over a 7-log-unit dynamic range down to 10(1) B. atrophaeus cells or spores. Quantification of S. marcescens (R(2) > 0.98) was linear over a 6-log-unit dynamic range down to 10(2) S. marcescens cells. The developed Q-PCR assays are highly specific and sensitive and can be used for monitoring the fate and transport of the BW surrogates B. atrophaeus and S. marcescens in building debris and leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal E Saikaly
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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