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Beer Safety: New Challenges and Future Trends within Craft and Large-Scale Production. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172693. [PMID: 36076878 PMCID: PMC9455588 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of physical, chemical, or microbiological contaminants in beer represents a broad and worthy problem with potential implications for human health. The expansion of beer types makes it more and more appreciated for the sensorial properties and health benefits of fermentation and functional ingredients, leading to significant consumed quantities. Contaminant sources are the raw materials, risks that may occur in the production processes (poor sanitation, incorrect pasteurisation), the factory environment (air pollution), or inadequate (ethanol) consumption. We evaluated the presence of these contaminants in different beer types. This review covers publications that discuss the presence of bacteria (Lactobacillus, Pediococcus), yeasts (Saccharomyces, Candida), moulds (Fusarium, Aspergillus), mycotoxins, heavy metals, biogenic amines, and micro- and nano-plastic in beer products, ending with a discussion regarding the identified gaps in current risk reduction or elimination strategies.
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Yamamoto T, Taylor JN, Koseki S, Koyama K. Classification of food spoilage bacterial species and their sodium chloride, sodium acetate and glycine tolerance using chemometrics analysis and Raman spectroscopy. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 190:106326. [PMID: 34517040 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose is classification of stress tolerances of spoilage bacteria using Raman spectra and chemometrics. We obtained Raman spectra of six spoilage bacteria. Classification models were constructed with support vector machine and classified food-related stress tolerance with 90% accuracy, which provides bacterial characteristics specific to environment reducing food spoilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan; Food Development Labs., Functional Food Division, Nippon Shinyaku Co., LTD., 14, Nishinosho-Monguchi-cho, Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto 601-8550, Japan.
| | - J Nicholas Taylor
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Shige Koseki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Kento Koyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan.
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Tao F, Peng Y. A method for nondestructive prediction of pork meat quality and safety attributes by hyperspectral imaging technique. J FOOD ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Mitchell BG, Wilson F, Dancer SJ, McGregor A. Methods to evaluate environmental cleanliness in healthcare facilities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/hi12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Signal enhancement in polysaccharide based sensors for infections by incorporation of chemically modified laccase. N Biotechnol 2012; 29:502-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Oshita S, Al-Haq MI, Kawagishi S, Makino Y, Kawagoe Y, Ye X, Shinozaki S, Hiruma N. Monitoring of ATP and viable cells on meat surface by UV–Vis reflectance spectrum analysis. J FOOD ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Bioresponsive systems based on polygalacturonate containing hydrogels. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 48:312-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Activation of nanoparticles by biosorption for E. coli detection in milk and apple juice. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 162:460-75. [PMID: 19649746 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Two types of silver nanoparticles were activated by specific sorption of biomolecules for the detection of Escherichia coli. The capture of this bacterium was performed using polyclonal antibodies (anti-E. coli) biosorbed onto nanospheres or nanorice through a protein-A layer. The bacterial detection was achieved using surface enhancement Raman scattering in order to compare the performance of these two nanoparticles. The activated silver nanospheres showed a better performance mainly due to the dimension of these nanoparticles. The detection limit has been established using the automated Raman mapping system. The technique was capable of detecting 10(3) cells/mL in milk and apple juice without any pre-enrichment. With an overall assay time less than 1 h, the process could be easily adapted to detect other pathogens by selecting the pertinent antibody. Furthermore, PCR was used for the DNA verification to assess whether the selected bacterial strain was identical before and after detection.
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Alldrick A, van Egmond H, Solfrizzo M. Commercial use of rapid mycotoxin test kits: significance and potential harmonisation issues. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2009. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2009.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A key requirement of any food safety management system is the process of demonstrating its continuous effectiveness (verification). Increasingly, rapid test methods are being used by food businesses as a tool to assist them in this process. This includes management of hazards presented by mycotoxins. These compounds provide a significant challenge to both food processors and regulatory agencies, since they are usually present in the raw material on receipt and subsequent process steps have only limited efficiency in effecting their removal. Within the commercial environment it is critical for those purchasing raw materials to satisfy themselves that any delivery meets regulatory and specification requirements. Decisions to accept or reject deliveries usually need to be taken within short time periods (minutes rather than hours). This requires the use of rapid and - at the same time - reliable analytical methodology; furthermore, the methods need to be of minimal complexity. Within the European Union (EU), analytical methods to determine mycotoxin levels for regulatory purposes must fulfil to certain performance criteria. This principle also holds true for rapid test kits. Current activities within the EU-funded project MoniQA have identified a number of areas in relation to the use of rapid test kits which need to be addressed. These include the criteria which determine robustness of such kits, operator competence and the issues relating to the fate of the rejected lots. Given the diverse stakeholder (e.g. regulator, food business and consumer) interest in the data generated from rapid test kits, a harmonised rationale for their use and also the actions taken upon the results obtained, is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Alldrick
- Campden BRI, Chipping Campden GL55 6LD, United Kingdom
| | - H. van Egmond
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - M. Solfrizzo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Fisher M, Atiya-Nasagi Y, Simon I, Gordin M, Mechaly A, Yitzhaki S. A combined immunomagnetic separation and lateral flow method for a sensitive on-site detection ofBacillus anthracisspores - assessment in water and dairy products. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 48:413-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2008.02542.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Zweifel C, Fischer R, Stephan R. Microbiological contamination of pig and cattle carcasses in different small-scale Swiss abattoirs. Meat Sci 2008; 78:225-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Ali AA, Fischer RM. Implementation of HACCP to Bulk Cream and Butter Production Line. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/fri-200051878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Ali
- a Maryland and Virginia Milk Producers Cooperative Association, Inc. , Laurel , Maryland , USA
| | - Randall M. Fischer
- a Maryland and Virginia Milk Producers Cooperative Association, Inc. , Laurel , Maryland , USA
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Abstract
Surface growth of Escherichia coli cells on a membrane filter placed on a nutrient agar plate under various conditions was studied with a mathematical model. The surface growth of bacterial cells showed a sigmoidal curve with time on a semilogarithmic plot. To describe it, a new logistic model that we presented earlier (H. Fujikawa et al., Food Microbiol. 21:501-509, 2004) was modified. Growth curves at various constant temperatures (10 to 34 degrees C) were successfully described with the modified model (model III). Model III gave better predictions of the rate constant of growth and the lag period than a modified Gompertz model and the Baranyi model. Using the parameter values of model III at the constant temperatures, surface growth at various temperatures was successfully predicted. Surface growth curves at various initial cell numbers were also sigmoidal and converged to the same maximum cell numbers at the stationary phase. Surface growth curves at various nutrient levels were also sigmoidal. The maximum cell number and the rate of growth were lower as the nutrient level decreased. The surface growth curve was the same as that in a liquid, except for the large curvature at the deceleration period. These curves were also well described with model III. The pattern of increase in the ATP content of cells grown on a surface was sigmoidal, similar to that for cell growth. We discovered several characteristics of the surface growth of bacterial cells under various growth conditions and examined the applicability of our model to describe these growth curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fujikawa
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health Department of Microbiology, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan.
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Kitaguchi A, Yamaguchi N, Nasu M. Enumeration of respiring Pseudomonas spp. in milk within 6 hours by fluorescence in situ hybridization following formazan reduction. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:2748-52. [PMID: 15870367 PMCID: PMC1087560 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.5.2748-2752.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2004] [Accepted: 11/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiring Pseudomonas spp. in milk were quantified within 6 h by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with vital staining. FISH with an oligonucleotide probe based on 16S rRNA sequences was used for the specific detection of Pseudomonas spp. at the single cell level. 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) was used to estimate bacterial respiratory activity. The numbers of respiring Pseudomonas cells as determined by FISH with CTC staining (CTC-FISH) were almost the same or higher than the numbers of CFU as determined by the conventional culture method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kitaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Casani S, Rouhany M, Knøchel S. A discussion paper on challenges and limitations to water reuse and hygiene in the food industry. WATER RESEARCH 2005; 39:1134-1146. [PMID: 15766968 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2004.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2003] [Revised: 04/08/2004] [Accepted: 12/23/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water is becoming a scarce resource in many areas and both use of water and wastewater outlet are of major ecological and economical importance in many countries. Consumption and discharge may be considerably minimized by means of water reuse. The food industry has a large consumption of water, but until now very limited reuse has taken place due to legislations constraints and hygienic concerns. Legal space for use of water of qualities other than drinking water has been opened with the current legislation. This will, however, in many cases require careful analyses of individual cases based on a thorough understanding of the hazards involved in order to avoid compromising the safety of the food product and thereby the health of consumers. Implementation of water reuse practices in the food industry presents a great challenge for both companies and public health authorities regarding knowledge, technical expertise and documentation. Regulatory, technological, monitoring, verification and ethical aspects associated with microbiologically safe reuse of water in the food industry are discussed and some examples of the challenges ahead and possible approaches are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Casani
- Department of Food Science, Centre for Advanced Food Studies, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University of Denmark, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Zweifel C, Baltzer D, Stephan R. Microbiological contamination of cattle and pig carcasses at five abattoirs determined by swab sampling in accordance with EU Decision 2001/471/EC. Meat Sci 2005; 69:559-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2004] [Revised: 10/01/2004] [Accepted: 10/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pearce RA, Bolton DJ, Sheridan JJ, McDowell DA, Blair IS, Harrington D. Studies to determine the critical control points in pork slaughter hazard analysis and critical control point systems. Int J Food Microbiol 2004; 90:331-9. [PMID: 14751688 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(03)00333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic mesophilic counts (AMC), coliform (CC) and coliform resuscitation counts (CRCs) were obtained by swabbing 50 cm(2) areas at three sites (ham, belly and neck) on pig carcasses, after each of seven stages of the slaughter/dressing process (bleeding, scalding, dehairing, singeing, polishing, evisceration and chilling). In most cases, there were no statistical differences (P>0.05) among the counts derived by these three methods. Reductions in counts at individual sites were observed after scalding (3.5 log(10) cfu cm(-2)), and singeing (2.5 log(10) cfu cm(-2)). Increases in counts at individual sites were observed after dehairing (2.0 log(10) cfu cm(-2)) and polishing (1.5 log(10) cfu cm(-2)). The incidence of Salmonella on pig carcasses was also obtained by swabbing the outside surfaces of 100 half carcasses. Information on the incidence of Salmonella in scald tank water (108 samples) was also investigated. Carcass swabs and scald tank water were examined for the presence of Salmonella using standard enrichment methods. Salmonella were detected on 31% of carcasses immediately after bleeding, 7% of carcasses immediately after dehairing and evisceration, and 1% of carcasses immediately after scalding. Serovars included Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Hadar, Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Derby. No Salmonella were recovered from samples of scald tank water. The impact of pig slaughter/dressing processes on carcass microbiology and their potential use as critical control points (CCPs) during pork production are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Pearce
- Food Safety Department, The National Food Centre, Ashtown, Castleknock, Dublin 15, Ireland
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Fujikawa H, Morozumi S. Estimation of bacterial concentrations in commercial foods by measuring ATP changes during incubation. SHOKUHIN EISEIGAKU ZASSHI. JOURNAL OF THE FOOD HYGIENIC SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2003; 44:83-8. [PMID: 12846154 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.44.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently we have developed new kinetic methods of bacterial cell estimation in food products by measurement of the increase in bacterial adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) content during incubation using a conventional firefly luminometer [Fujikawa and Morozumi: Jpn. J. Food Hyg. (2002)]. The methods were the end point method and the delay method. We, in this study, evaluated these methods for bacterial concentration estimation in commercial foods. The methods were successfully applied to food products inoculated with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus. The methods were then used to estimate bacterial concentrations in commercial foods. For estimation, the kinetic parameter values were determined first from the data of bacterial strains studied previously. The bacterial concentrations estimated with these parameter values were slightly smaller than the measured concentrations for most of the food samples. The parameter values obtained with the least-squares method gave better estimations in both methods. The delay method predicted the bacterial concentrations in food products better than the end point method. This study showed that with appropriate parameter values, these methods could be useful tools for bacterial concentration estimation of commercial foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fujikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health: 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
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Fujikawa H, Morozumi S. New estimation methods of bacterial concentration by measuring ATP changes during incubation. SHOKUHIN EISEIGAKU ZASSHI. JOURNAL OF THE FOOD HYGIENIC SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2002; 43:155-9. [PMID: 12238153 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.43.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
New estimation methods of bacterial cell concentration in samples by measurement of the increase in bacterial adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) content during incubation using a conventional firefly luminometer were established. When an Escherichia coli cell suspension was incubated in nutrient broth, the increase in the ATP content of the suspension during the incubation period followed a sigmoidal curve. The increase ratio of the ATP content of the suspension at a given period of incubation (5 hours in this study) to the initial ATP content was greater at higher initial cell concentrations. With this relationship, the initial cell concentration of a test suspension could be predicted from the measured ratio; this was called the end point method. On the other hand, the lag period in the ATP increase curve was longer at lower initial cell concentrations. A highly linear relationship was observed between the lag period and the logarithm of the initial cell concentrations. Based on this relationship, a delay method was developed for prediction. The two relationships were also observed for bacterial suspensions of Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas sp. These results suggested that the two methods have the potential to estimate the bacterial cell concentration of a sample suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fujikawa
- Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health: 3-24-1, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
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22
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A comparison of surface sampling methods for detecting coliforms on food contact surfaces. Food Microbiol 2002. [DOI: 10.1006/fmic.2001.0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lappalainen J, Loikkanen S, Havana M, Karp M, Sjöberg AM, Wirtanen G. Microbial testing methods for detection of residual cleaning agents and disinfectants-prevention of ATP bioluminescence measurement errors in the food industry. J Food Prot 2000; 63:210-5. [PMID: 10678426 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-63.2.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The ATP luminescence measurement is based on the presence of an enzymatic reaction and may significantly be affected by cleaning agents and disinfectants. In addition, disinfectants can also reduce the activity of the luciferase enzyme and also act as ATP-releasing agents. The agents disrupt the cell walls but preserve ATP in measurable form, and therefore correlation with culture methods can be poor. Therefore, if a rapid method is used to detect ATP, a control must be used for reliable results. The possible effect of disinfectants can be eliminated with a rapid test to minimize sources of error. In the present study a microbiological residue testing method that is nonspecific for residues was developed. The effects of a total of 38 commercial cleaning agents and disinfectants of various types were assessed using two microbiological methods, the Vibrio fischeri photobacteria test and Micrococcus luteus inhibition zone technique. The results show that the V. fischeri photobacteria test is very sensitive. This test can therefore be used for testing cleaning agent residues on surfaces in very small amounts. A small study was also carried out in a food factory to show applicability in processing facilities. The study showed, that a need for this type of method exists in food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lappalainen
- University of Turku, Department of Biotechnology, Finland.
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