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Abstract
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Despite their significant
potential, catalytic asymmetric reactions
of olefins with formaldehyde are rare and metal-free approaches have
not been previously disclosed. Here we describe an enantioselective
intermolecular Prins reaction of styrenes and paraformaldehyde to
form 1,3-dioxanes, using confined imino-imidodiphosphate (iIDP) Brønsted acid catalysts. Isotope labeling experiments
and computations suggest a concerted, highly asynchronous addition
of an acid-activated formaldehyde oligomer to the olefin. The enantioenriched
1,3-dioxanes can be transformed into the corresponding optically active
1,3-diols, which are valuable synthetic building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- C David Díaz-Oviedo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Rajat Maji
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Benjamin List
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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2
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Titov IY, Stroylov VS, Rusina P, Svitanko IV. Preliminary modelling as the first stage of targeted organic synthesis. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The review aims to present a classification and applicability analysis of methods for preliminary molecular modelling for targeted organic, catalytic and biocatalytic synthesis. The following three main approaches are considered as a primary classification of the methods: modelling of the target – ligand coordination without structural information on both the target and the resulting complex; calculations based on experimentally obtained structural information about the target; and dynamic simulation of the target – ligand complex and the reaction mechanism with calculation of the free energy of the reaction. The review is meant for synthetic chemists to be used as a guide for building an algorithm for preliminary modelling and synthesis of structures with specified properties.
The bibliography includes 353 references.
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Wolf S, Gelis L, Dörrich S, Hatt H, Kraft P. Evidence for a shape-based recognition of odorants in vivo in the human nose from an analysis of the molecular mechanism of lily-of-the-valley odorants detection in the Lilial and Bourgeonal family using the C/Si/Ge/Sn switch strategy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182147. [PMID: 28763484 PMCID: PMC5538716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed an analysis of possible mechanisms of ligand recognition in the human nose. The analysis is based on in vivo odor threshold determination and in vitro Ca2+ imaging assays with a C/Si/Ge/Sn switch strategy applied to the compounds Lilial and Bourgeonal, to differentiate between different molecular mechanisms of odorant detection. Our results suggest that odorant detection under threshold conditions is mainly based on the molecular shape, i.e. the van der Waals surface, and electrostatics of the odorants. Furthermore, we show that a single olfactory receptor type is responsible for odor detection of Bourgeonal at the threshold level in humans in vivo. Carrying out a QM analysis of vibrational energies contained in the odorants, there is no evidence for a vibration-based recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Wolf
- Department of Biophysics, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Biophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lian Gelis
- Department of Cellphysiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Steffen Dörrich
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hanns Hatt
- Department of Cellphysiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Philip Kraft
- Fragrance Research, Givaudan Schweiz AG, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Dörrich S, Gelis L, Wolf S, Sunderkötter A, Mahler C, Guschina E, Tacke R, Hatt H, Kraft P. Comparative Analysis of the Olfactory Properties of Silicon/Germanium/Tin Analogues of the Lily-of-the-Valley Odorants Lilial and Bourgeonal. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Azerad
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Sts Pères, 75006 Paris (France)
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Dyachenko VD, Karpov EN. Aliphatic aldehydes in the synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles: Part II. Synthesis of six- and seven-membered rings, bicyclic compounds, and macrocycles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428011010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Sanz G, Thomas-Danguin T, Hamdani EH, Le Poupon C, Briand L, Pernollet JC, Guichard E, Tromelin A. Relationships between molecular structure and perceived odor quality of ligands for a human olfactory receptor. Chem Senses 2008; 33:639-53. [PMID: 18603653 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjn032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perception of thousands of odors by a few hundreds of olfactory receptors (ORs) results from a combinatorial coding, in which one OR recognizes multiple odorants and an odorant is recognized by a specific group of ORs. Moreover, odorants could act both as agonists or antagonists depending on the OR. This dual agonist-antagonist combinatorial coding is in good agreement with behavioral and psychophysical observations of mixture perception. We previously described the odorant repertoire of a human OR, OR1G1, identifying both agonists and antagonists. In this paper, we performed a 3D-quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study of these ligands. We obtained a double-alignment model explaining previously reported experimental activities and permitting to predict novel agonists and antagonists for OR1G1. These model predictions were experimentally validated. Thereafter, we evaluated the statistical link between OR1G1 response to odorants, 3D-QSAR categorization of OR1G1 ligands, and their olfactory description. We demonstrated that OR1G1 recognizes a group of odorants that share both 3D structural and perceptual qualities. We hypothesized that OR1G1 contributes to the coding of waxy, fatty, and rose odors in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guenhaël Sanz
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Minte de Recherche 1197 Neurobiologie de l'Olfaction et de la Prise Alimentaire, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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8
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Triller A, Boulden E, Churchill A, Hatt H, Englund J, Spehr M, Sell C. Odorant–Receptor Interactions and Odor Percept: A Chemical Perspective. Chem Biodivers 2008; 5:862-86. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200890101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Büttner MW, Burschka C, Junold K, Kraft P, Tacke R. Disila-Okoumal: A Silicon Analogue of the Ambergris Odorant Okoumal. Chembiochem 2007; 8:1447-54. [PMID: 17616951 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two-fold sila-substitution (C/Si exchange) in the saturated ring of the tetrahydronaphthalene skeleton of the ambery odorant okoumal (5) provides disila-okoumal (6). The okoumal isomers 5 a-d were synthesized from 1-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethanone (7), and the silicon analogues 6 a-d were synthesized from 1-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,8-disila-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethanone (8). Detailed olfactory properties of 5 a-d and 6 a-d are reported, together with the respective threshold values. All enantiomers of okoumal and disila-okoumal exhibit typical ambery odor notes with woody facets, as is characteristic of okoumal and karanal, but a stereocenter at the 2-position was found to be of utmost importance for the odor thresholds; the lowest value of 0.31 ng per L air was measured for the 2R-configured silicon compounds 6 a and 6 c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias W Büttner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Abstract
In 1896, Tiemann first raised the question of whether or not enantiomers might exhibit different odors. The classic work of von Braun should have settled the issue in 1927 but the debate continued for decades, often rather acrimoniously. Various factors such as purity of samples and subjectivity of odors provided the confusion necessary to perpetuate disagreement. Nowadays, we have enough good-quality data to know that sometimes, absolute configuration affects odor perception and sometimes it does not. We are, therefore, left with some interesting academic and commercial questions to be addressed.
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Panten J, Bertram HJ, Surburg H. New woody and ambery notes from cedarwood and turpentine oil. Chem Biodivers 2007; 1:1936-48. [PMID: 17191830 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200490148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of a new product in the chemical industry is still driven by needs like technical properties, price/performance ratio, biodegradability, or product safety. However, in terms of improving more and more on ecological criteria, summarized under such catchphrases as sustainable development or green chemistry, another important aspect is to use renewable resources as starting materials. This is not significantly new in fragrance chemistry, and there are a lot of raw materials in the perfume oils that are derived from molecules of renewable resources. Two commonly used materials are: longifolene (from turpentine oil) and cedrene (from cedarwood oil). These compounds are very suitable for the synthesis of woody and ambery notes, and even though it seemed that all possibilities were exhausted, it is actually still feasible to discover new molecules with excellent olfactory properties such as Ambrocenide (50a), which is available in three steps from alpha-cedrene. Some of these molecules will be treated in this review, both with respect to synthesis as well as structural and sensory aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Panten
- Symrise GmbH Co. & KG, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Mühlenfeldstrasse 1, D-37603 Holzminden.
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13
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Abstract
The relationship between molecular structure and odor has fascinated and puzzled chemists for more than a century. Despite a great deal of research on structure-odor relationships, prediction of the odor of a novel molecule remains a statistical exercise and models only provide a probability of the character, threshold, and intensity. Surprises are still commonplace, and serendipity continues to be an important factor in the discovery of novel fragrant molecules. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanism of olfaction provide an explanation for this and suggest that our ability to predict odor properties of molecules will not improve significantly in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Sell
- Quest International, Willesborough Road, Ashford, Kent, TN24 0LT, UK.
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15
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Current awareness in flavour and fragrance. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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