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Peluso P, Sechi B, Jibuti G. Enantioseparation of organometallic compounds by electromigration techniques. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38279597 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Over time, chiral organometallic compounds have attracted great interest in several fields, with applications going across several disciplines of chemical, biological, medical, and material sciences. In the last decades, due to advancements in molecular design and computational modeling, the chemistry of chiral transition metal complexes had a remarkable flowering, with the development of new structures for applications in asymmetric synthesis, bioinorganic chemistry, and molecular recognition. In these fields, fast chiral analysis to determine the enantiomeric purity of organometallic structures prepared by asymmetric synthesis, and for high-throughput screening of analytes, catalysts, and reactions, is very important. Capillary electrophoresis and related techniques proved to be extremely versatile for chiral analysis, showing unsurpassed advantages compared to chromatography like low consumption of materials, production of limited amounts of waste, fast equilibration, and possibility to replace easily type and concentration of the chiral selector, among others. Furthermore, electromigration techniques may be useful to gain details about the stereochemistry of the enantiomers of new compounds and to study analyte-selector noncovalent interactions at molecular level. On this basis, this short review aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive view on the enantioseparation of organometallic compounds by electromigration techniques, examining the topic from the historical perspective and showing what was made in this field so far, an essential know-how for developing new and advanced applications in the next future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Barbara Sechi
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgi Jibuti
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Walid Sharmoukh WS, Hassan WMI, Gros PC, Allam NK. Design and synthesis of new Ru-complexes as potential photo-sensitizers: experimental and TD-DFT insights. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16458g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Design of photosensitizers aided by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walid M. I. Hassan
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Cairo University
- Giza 12613
- Egypt
| | | | - Nageh K. Allam
- Energy Materials Laboratory (EML)
- School of Sciences and Engineering
- The American University in Cairo
- New Cairo 11835
- Egypt
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3
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Synthesis and chemosensory properties of terpyridine-containing diblock polycarbazole through RAFT polymerization. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Escudero D, Heuser E, Meier RJ, Schäferling M, Thiel W, Holder E. Unveiling Photodeactivation Pathways for a New Iridium(III) Cyclometalated Complex. Chemistry 2013; 19:15639-44. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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5
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Preparation of near-infrared absorbing composites comprised of conjugated macroligands on the surface of PbS nanoparticles. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ozawa H, Kawaguchi H, Okuyama Y, Arakawa H. Ruthenium Sensitizers with 2,2′-Bipyrimidine or a 5,5′-Disubstituted 2,2′-Bipyrimidine Ligand: Synthesis, Photo- and Electrochemical Properties, and Application to Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Yang PC, Wu H, Wen HW, Hung WN. Synthesis, characterization, and ion responsive properties of hyperbranched oligofluorene using carbazole as a branching core. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Preparation of polynorepinephrine adhesive coating via one-step self-polymerization for enantioselective capillary electrochromatography coupled with electrogenerated chemiluminesense detection. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1284:194-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kourkoulos D, Karakus C, Hertel D, Alle R, Schmeding S, Hummel J, Risch N, Holder E, Meerholz K. Photophysical properties and OLED performance of light-emitting platinum(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:13612-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50364j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mahato P, Saha S, Choudhury S, Das A. Interfacial and Film-Formation Behaviour of Photoactive RuII-Bipyridyl-Based Metallosurfactants and a Rare Example of a Monolayer-Based Logic-Gate Approach. Chempluschem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201200207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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Timerbaev AR. Element speciation analysis using capillary electrophoresis: twenty years of development and applications. Chem Rev 2012; 113:778-812. [PMID: 23057472 DOI: 10.1021/cr300199v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei R Timerbaev
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin Str. 19, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Karakus C, Fischer LH, Schmeding S, Hummel J, Risch N, Schäferling M, Holder E. Oxygen and temperature sensitivity of blue to green to yellow light-emitting Pt(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:9623-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30835e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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14
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Liao CT, Chen HF, Su HC, Wong KT. Tailoring balance of carrier mobilities in solid-state light-emitting electrochemical cells by doping a carrier trapper to enhance device efficiencies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13245h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tian N, Lenkeit D, Pelz S, Kourkoulos D, Hertel D, Meerholz K, Holder E. Screening structure–property correlations and device performance of Ir(iii) complexes in multi-layer PhOLEDs. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:11629-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11059d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Trapp O. Investigation of the stereodynamics of molecules and catalyzed reactions by CE. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:786-813. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Okujima T, Mifuji A, Nakamura J, Yamada H, Uno H, Ono N. First Synthesis of Porphyrin-Fused 1,10-Phenanthroline−Ruthenium(II) Complexes. Org Lett 2009; 11:4088-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ol901510e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Okujima
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan, and PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mifuji
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan, and PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Jun Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan, and PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan, and PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan, and PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Noboru Ono
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan, and PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
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Jiang C, Tong MY, Armstrong DW, Perera S, Bao Y, MacDonnell FM. Enantiomeric separation of chiral ruthenium(II) complexes using capillary electrophoresis. Chirality 2009; 21:208-17. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Bremer S, Trapp O. Investigation of the stereodynamics of tris-(α-diimine)-transition metal complexes by enantioselective dynamic MEKC. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:329-36. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Zdravkov AV, Koptelova LA, Novikov AV, Khimich NN. Synthesis of ruthenium tris(2,2′-dipyridyl) complexes containing ethynyl substituents. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363208100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zdravkov AV, Aleksandrova EL, Aseev VA, Nikonorov NV, Khimich NN. Formation of organo-inorganic hybrid networks in the system consisting of Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium complexes and silica. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427208090115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Shpigun OA, Ananieva IA, Budanova NY, Shapovalova EN. Use of cyclodextrins for separation of enantiomers. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2003v072n12abeh000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pauw BR, Lohmeijer BGG, Holder E, Marin V, Schubert US. Capillary Zone Electrophoresis of Iridium(III) and Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes in Non‐Aqueous Solvents. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710701380814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Trapp O. A dynamic molecular probe to investigate catalytic effects and Joule heating in enantioselective MEKC. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:691-6. [PMID: 17226759 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomerization of ferroin [tris(1,10-phenanthroline)-iron(II)-complex] was investigated by enantioselective dynamic micellar EKC. The enantiomer separation was performed in an aqueous 50 mM sodium borate/sodium dihydrogenphosphate buffer at pH 8.0 in the presence of the chiral surfactant sodium cholate. The unified equation of dynamic chromatography was employed to determine reaction rate constants from the electropherograms featured with distinct plateau formation. Activation parameters DeltaH( not equal) = 124.0 +/- 0.5 kJ/mol and DeltaS( not equal) = 121 +/- 1 J.K(-1)mol(-1) were calculated from temperature-dependent measurements between 10.0 and 27.5 degrees C in 2.5 K steps. Considering the data obtained by polarimetry of enantiomeric pure ferroin in water, it was found that enantiomerization rate in the micelle is accelerated by a factor of 12. Because of the highly positive activation entropy DeltaS( not equal), ferroin was used as a temperature-sensitive dynamic molecular probe to determine temperature deviations caused by Joule heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Trapp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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Pauw BR, Holder E, Marin V, Lohmeijer BGG, Schubert US. Capillary Zone Electrophoresis of Iridium(III) and Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes in Non‐aqueous Solvents. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600952614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Kerckhoffs JMCA, Peberdy JC, Meistermann I, Childs LJ, Isaac CJ, Pearmund CR, Reudegger V, Khalid S, Alcock NW, Hannon MJ, Rodger A. Enantiomeric resolution of supramolecular helicates with different surface topographies. Dalton Trans 2007:734-42. [PMID: 17279244 DOI: 10.1039/b614093a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomeric resolution of an extended range of di-metallo supramolecular triple-helical molecules are reported. The ligands for all complexes are symmetric with two units containing an aryl group linked via an imine bond to a pyridine. Alkyl substituents have been attached in different positions on the ligand backbone. Previous work on the parent compound, whose molecular formula is [Fe(2)(C(25)H(20)N(4))(3)]Cl4, showed that it could be resolved into enantiomerically pure solutions using cellulose and 20 mM aqueous sodium chloride. In this work a range of mobile phases have been investigated to see if the separation and speed of elution could be increased and the amount of NaCl co-eluted with the compounds decreased. Methanol, ethanol and acetonitrile were considered, together with aqueous NaCl : organic mixtures. Effective separation was most often achieved when using 90% acetonitrile : 10% 20 mM NaCl (aq) w/v, which gives scope for scaling up to incorporate the use of HPLC. The overall most efficient (i.e. fastest) separation was generally achieved where the cellulose column was packed with 20 mM NaCl (aq) and the column first eluted with 100% acetonitrile, then with 75% ethanol : 25% 20 mM NaCl (aq) until the M enantiomer had fully eluted and finally with 90% acetonitrile : 10% 20 mM NaCl (aq) until the P enantiomer had been collected. The sequence of eluents ensured minimum NaCl accompanying the enantiomers and minimum total solvent being required to elute the enantiomers, especially the second one, from the column. No helicate with a methyl group on the imine bond could be resolved and methyl groups on the pyridine rings also have an adverse effect on resolution.
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Marin V, Holder E, Hoogenboom R, Schubert US. Functional ruthenium(II)- and iridium(III)-containing polymers for potential electro-optical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2006; 36:618-35. [PMID: 17387410 DOI: 10.1039/b610016c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The need for novel materials with luminescent properties and advanced processing features requires reliable and reproducible synthetic routes for the design of suitable materials, such as e.g. polypyridyl ruthenium(II) and iridium(III)-containing polymers. The most popular ligand for those purposes is the 4,4'-functionalized bipyridine unit. Therefore, several synthetic strategies for the derivatization of the 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine are highlighted, and in particular functionalities, which enable further covalent linkage to polymeric structures, are discussed in this critical review. Subsequently, the different synthetic strategies for the preparation of polymeric metal-complexes are described, either starting from small functionalized complexes (later covalently attached to the polymer), or from macroligands (subsequently coordinated to the metal ions). The designed materials reveal good processing properties using spin coating and inkjet printing, as well as beneficial electro-optical properties for potential thin functional film applications, such as light-emitting electrochemical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Marin
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Guerrero J, Farías L, Lemus L, Quintanilla A, Mena A, Cortez L, Baggio RF, Garland MT. The new Ru(NBD)Cl2(substituted-2,2′-biquinoline) complexes. Synthesis and characterization. Polyhedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2005.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Holder E, Trapp O, Trapp G, Marin V, Hoogenboom R, Schubert US. Synthesis, complete characterization, and enantioselective electrokinetic separation of functionalized ruthenium complex enantiomers. Chirality 2004; 16:363-8. [PMID: 15190581 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Electrokinetic chromatography was employed to separate the enantiomers of two novel functionalized ruthenium(II) complexes with different polypyridyl coordination spheres. The use of anionic carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive resulted in maximum efficiency and resolution for the enantiomer separation of both transition metal complexes. The syntheses of the [4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine]-bis(2,2'-bipyridine)rethenium(II)-bis(tetrafluoroborate) and [4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine]-bis(4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bypyridine)ruthenium(II)-bis(tetrafluoroborate) complexes and their complete characterization by means of two-dimensional (1)H and (13)C[(1)H] NMR techniques ((1)H-(1)H COSY and (1)H-(13)C HMQC) as well as elemental analyses and MALDI-TOFMS are described in detail. The functionalized complexes can be used as building blocks for further reactions with polymers, biopolymers, surfaces and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Holder
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology and Dutch Polymer Institute, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Synthesis and rapid enantiomeric separation of the chiral mixed ligand [5-(4-hydroxybutyl)-5′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine]-bis(1,10-phenanthroline)-ruthenium(II) complex by electrokinetic chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Lu ZL, Lindner E, Mayer HA. Applications of sol-gel-processed interphase catalysts. Chem Rev 2002; 102:3543-78. [PMID: 12371893 DOI: 10.1021/cr010358t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Lin Lu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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