1
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Ansari S, Knipe PC. Atropisomeric Foldamers. Chempluschem 2024:e202400218. [PMID: 38683695 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This concept article explores the emerging role of atropisomerism in foldamer chemistry, a field focussed on oligomers that adopt well-defined conformations through non-covalent interactions. Atropisomerism introduces a novel dimension to foldamer design by restricting rotational freedom around single bonds to dictate molecular shape with precision. Despite the prevalence of atropisomeric bonds in organic synthesis, their application within foldamers remains underexplored. Here, we discuss key developments in both backbone and sidechain atropisomerism, and suggest future directions for atropisomeric foldamers in the context of a recent surge in atropselective synthetic methods. We propose that judicious use of atropisomerism may serve as a transformative tool in the construction of shape-defined macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Ansari
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Peter C Knipe
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
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2
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Castro TG, Melle-Franco M, Sousa CEA, Cavaco-Paulo A, Marcos JC. Non-Canonical Amino Acids as Building Blocks for Peptidomimetics: Structure, Function, and Applications. Biomolecules 2023; 13:981. [PMID: 37371561 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides a fresh overview of non-canonical amino acids and their applications in the design of peptidomimetics. Non-canonical amino acids appear widely distributed in nature and are known to enhance the stability of specific secondary structures and/or biological function. Contrary to the ubiquitous DNA-encoded amino acids, the structure and function of these residues are not fully understood. Here, results from experimental and molecular modelling approaches are gathered to classify several classes of non-canonical amino acids according to their ability to induce specific secondary structures yielding different biological functions and improved stability. Regarding side-chain modifications, symmetrical and asymmetrical α,α-dialkyl glycines, Cα to Cα cyclized amino acids, proline analogues, β-substituted amino acids, and α,β-dehydro amino acids are some of the non-canonical representatives addressed. Backbone modifications were also examined, especially those that result in retro-inverso peptidomimetics and depsipeptides. All this knowledge has an important application in the field of peptidomimetics, which is in continuous progress and promises to deliver new biologically active molecules and new materials in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarsila G Castro
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cristina E A Sousa
- BioMark Sensor Research-School of Engineering of the Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João C Marcos
- Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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3
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Zhang X, Ligny R, Chewchanwuttiwong S, Hadade R, Laurent MY, Martel A, Jacquemmoz C, Lhoste J, Bricaud S, Py S, Dujardin G. δ-Valerolactamic Quaternary Amino Acid Derivatives: Enantiodivergent Synthesis and Evidence for Stereodifferentiated β-Turn-Inducing Properties. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8041-8055. [PMID: 33960779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Enantiopure (R) and (S) cyclic α,α-disubstituted amino acid derivatives displaying a δ-valerolactam side chain were prepared from a common isoxazolidine precursor. The (R)-configured δ-valerolactam 11 was converted into diastereoisomeric pseudopeptides to investigate its ability to induce secondary structures in peptidomimetics. Conformational studies of these pseudopeptides were carried out in the solid state (X-ray diffraction), in solution (NMR analyses), and in silico (computer-aided conformational analysis), which demonstrated that such quaternary amino acids induce β-turn conformations stable enough to be retained in polar media (DMSO). Incorporation of this new type of α,α-disubstituted amino acid into a representative pseudopeptidic sequence by N- then C-elongation and N-debenzylation is also described herein and could serve for the synthesis of various structured peptidomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) - UMR 6283 CNRS-Le Mans Université, Equipe Méthodologie et Synthèse Organique, F-72085 Le Mans Cedex 09, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, DCM, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,CNRS, DCM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Romain Ligny
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) - UMR 6283 CNRS-Le Mans Université, Equipe Méthodologie et Synthèse Organique, F-72085 Le Mans Cedex 09, France
| | - Sopa Chewchanwuttiwong
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) - UMR 6283 CNRS-Le Mans Université, Equipe Méthodologie et Synthèse Organique, F-72085 Le Mans Cedex 09, France.,Prince of Songkla University, Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology Surat Thani 84000, Thailand
| | - Rawan Hadade
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) - UMR 6283 CNRS-Le Mans Université, Equipe Méthodologie et Synthèse Organique, F-72085 Le Mans Cedex 09, France
| | - Mathieu Y Laurent
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) - UMR 6283 CNRS-Le Mans Université, Equipe Méthodologie et Synthèse Organique, F-72085 Le Mans Cedex 09, France
| | - Arnaud Martel
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) - UMR 6283 CNRS-Le Mans Université, Equipe Méthodologie et Synthèse Organique, F-72085 Le Mans Cedex 09, France
| | - Corentin Jacquemmoz
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) - UMR 6283 CNRS-Le Mans Université, Equipe Méthodologie et Synthèse Organique, F-72085 Le Mans Cedex 09, France
| | - Jérôme Lhoste
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) - UMR 6283 CNRS-Le Mans Université, Equipe Méthodologie et Synthèse Organique, F-72085 Le Mans Cedex 09, France
| | - Sullivan Bricaud
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) - UMR 6283 CNRS-Le Mans Université, Equipe Méthodologie et Synthèse Organique, F-72085 Le Mans Cedex 09, France
| | - Sandrine Py
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, DCM, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,CNRS, DCM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gilles Dujardin
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) - UMR 6283 CNRS-Le Mans Université, Equipe Méthodologie et Synthèse Organique, F-72085 Le Mans Cedex 09, France
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4
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Yoshino T, Matsunaga S. Chiral Carboxylic Acid Assisted Enantioselective C–H Activation with Achiral CpxMIII (M = Co, Rh, Ir) Catalysts. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Yoshino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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5
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Kato Y, Lin L, Kojima M, Yoshino T, Matsunaga S. Development of Pseudo-C2-symmetric Chiral Binaphthyl Monocarboxylic Acids for Enantioselective C(sp3)–H Functionalization Reactions under Rh(III) Catalysis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Kato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Luqing Lin
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Masahiro Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yoshino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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6
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Crisma M, Toniolo C. Helical screw-sense preferences of peptides based on chiral, Cα-tetrasubstituted α-amino acids. Biopolymers 2016; 104:46-64. [PMID: 25363510 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The preferred helical screw senses of chiral α-amino acids with a C(α)-tetrasubstituted α-carbon atom, as determined in the crystal state by X-ray diffraction analyses on derivatives and peptides, are reviewed. This survey covers C(α)-methylated and C(α)-ethylated α-amino acids, as well as α-amino acids cyclized on the α-carbon, including those characterized by the combination of lack of chirality at the α-carbon with either side-chain or axial chirality. Although, in general, chiral C(α)-tetrasubstituted α-amino acids show a less pronounced bias toward a single helical screw sense than their proteinogenic (C(α)-trisubstituted) counterparts, our analysis highlights significant differences in terms of magnitude and direction of such a bias among the various sub-families of residues, and between individual amino acids within each sub-family as well. The experimental findings can be rationalized, at least in part, on the basis of steric considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Crisma
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, 35131, Padova, Italy
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7
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High-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of unusual amino acid derivatives with axial chirality on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1390:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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De Poli M, Byrne L, Brown RA, Solà J, Castellanos A, Boddaert T, Wechsel R, Beadle JD, Clayden J. Engineering the Structure of an N-Terminal β-Turn To Maximize Screw-Sense Preference in Achiral Helical Peptide Chains. J Org Chem 2014; 79:4659-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500714b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo De Poli
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Liam Byrne
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Robert A. Brown
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jordi Solà
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | | | - Thomas Boddaert
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Romina Wechsel
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jonathan D. Beadle
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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9
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Wolf C, Bentley KW. Chirality sensing using stereodynamic probes with distinct electronic circular dichroism output. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5408-24. [PMID: 23482984 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35498a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is one of the most useful techniques for the stereochemical analysis of chiral biopolymers and fine chemicals. It has become invaluable for the assignment of the absolute configuration, the study of conformational isomers, and the determination of racemization kinetics of CD active chiral compounds. Molecular interactions between a nonracemic chiral substrate and a chromophoric, CD-silent probe that is achiral or exists as a racemic mixture of rapidly interconverting enantiomeric conformations or configurations can induce a strong, characteristic chiroptical readout. A covalent or noncovalent binding event that coincides with a well-defined asymmetric induction process can effectively imprint the chiral information of the substrate on the stereodynamic sensor and thus generate intense Cotton effects in the UV region of the latter. The probe can thus function as a stereochemical reporter unit and analysis of the CD spectrum often provides accurate information about the absolute configuration and enantiomeric composition of the substrate used. In this review, recent developments in circular dichroism analysis of chiral compounds with stereodynamic probes are described and particular emphasis is given to sensor design, chiral induction processes and applications scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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10
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Wright K, Dutot L, Wakselman M, Mazaleyrat JP, Crisma M, Formaggio F, Toniolo C. Synthesis, resolution and assignment of absolute configuration of trans 3-amino-1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-4-carboxylic acid (POAC), a cyclic, spin-labelled β-amino acid. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Dutot L, Wright K, Gaucher A, Wakselman M, Mazaleyrat JP, De Zotti M, Peggion C, Formaggio F, Toniolo C. The Bip method, based on the induced circular dichroism of a flexible biphenyl probe in terminally protected -Bip-Xaa*- dipeptides, for assignment of the absolute configuration of beta-amino acids. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:5986-92. [PMID: 18399631 DOI: 10.1021/ja800059d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An induced axial chirality of the biphenyl core of the Bip (2',1':1,2;1'',2'':3,4-dibenzcyclohepta-1,3-diene-6-amino-6-carboxylic acid) residue in the terminally protected dipeptides Boc-Bip-beta-Xaa*-OMe (beta-Xaa* = L-beta(3)-HAla, L-beta(3)-HVal, L-beta(3)-HLeu, L-beta(3)-HPro, trans-(1S,2S)-ACHC, trans-(1R,2R)-ACHC, trans-(1S,2S)-ACPC, trans-(1R,2R)-ACPC) resulted in an induced circular dichroism, revealing the usefulness of the Bip method for a reliable and fast assignment of the absolute configuration of chiral beta-amino acids. Remarkably, the Bip method was also applied to the unique spin-labeled, cyclic, beta-amino acids cis/trans-beta-TOAC and trans-POAC. In particular, this study allowed the assignment of the unknown absolute configurations of the enantiomers of the latter compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Dutot
- ILV, UMR CNRS 8180, University of Versailles, 78035 Versailles, France
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Dutot L, Gaucher A, Wright K, Wakselman M, Mazaleyrat JP, Oancea S, Peggion C, Formaggio F, Toniolo C. An extension of the ‘Bip method’: induced axial chirality in a series of dipeptides based on Bip/β2,2-HBip combined with Ala/β3-HAla. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Gaucher A, Dutot L, Barbeau O, Wakselman M, Mazaleyrat JP, Peggion C, Oancea S, Formaggio F, Crisma M, Toniolo C. Synthesis of linear and cyclic homo-β-peptides based on a binaphthylic β-amino acid with only axial chirality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Mazaleyrat JP, Wright K, Gaucher A, Toulemonde N, Dutot L, Wakselman M, Broxterman QB, Kaptein B, Oancea S, Peggion C, Crisma M, Formaggio F, Toniolo C. Induced Axial Chirality in the Biphenyl Core of the Proatropoisomeric, Cα-Tetrasubstituted α-Amino Acid Residue Bip in Peptides. Chemistry 2005; 11:6921-9. [PMID: 16021648 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An induced axial chirality in the biphenyl core of the 2',1':1,2;1'',2'':3,4-dibenzcyclohepta-1,3-diene-6-amino-6-carboxylic acid (Bip) residue, a conformationally labile, atropoisomeric, C(alpha)-tetrasubstituted alpha-amino acid, was observed by CD and (1)H NMR spectroscopic techniques in the linear dipeptides Boc-Bip-Xaa*-OMe where Boc=tert-butoxycarbonyl, OMe=methoxy, and Xaa*=D- and/or L-Ala, -Val, -Leu, -Phe, -(alphaMe)Val and -(alphaMe)Leu. Chiral induction was significantly lower in the isomeric dipeptides Boc-Xaa*-Bip-OMe, with the Xaa* residue located at the N-terminus of Bip, as well as in the cyclic dipeptide cyclo-[Bip-L-Ala]. The results obtained in solution were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis of a crystalline sample of Boc-(R)-Bip-D-Ala-OMe.
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15
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Stereoselective synthesis of chiral atropisomerically stable ferrocenyldiols containing a biphenyl unit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Mazaleyrat JP, Wright K, Gaucher A, Toulemonde N, Wakselman M, Oancea S, Peggion C, Formaggio F, Setnicka V, Keiderling TA, Toniolo C. Induced Axial Chirality in the Biphenyl Core of the Cα-Tetrasubstituted α-Amino Acid Residue Bip and Subsequent Propagation of Chirality in (Bip)n/Val Oligopeptides. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:12874-9. [PMID: 15469284 DOI: 10.1021/ja040100v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the dipeptides Boc-Bip-L-Val-OMe and Boc-Bip-D-Val-OMe, an induced axial chirality in the biphenyl core of the Bip residue, a conformationally labile, proatropoisomeric C(alpha,alpha)-disubstituted glycine, was observed by electronic CD and (1)H NMR. Chiral induction is significantly higher when the Val residue is located at the C-terminal position of Bip. An outstanding phenomenon of propagation of chirality was demonstrated to occur in the related 3(10)-helical -(Bip)n-L-Val (n = 2-6) oligopeptides by CD and vibrational CD techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Mazaleyrat
- Contribution from SIRCOB, UMR CNRS 8086, Bâtiment Lavoisier, University of Versailles, F-78035 Versailles, France
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Fu B, Du DM, Wang J. Synthesis of novel C2-symmetric chiral bis(oxazoline) ligands and their application in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2003.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Mazaleyrat JP, Wright K, Gaucher A, Wakselman M, Oancea S, Formaggio F, Toniolo C, Setnička V, Kapitán J, Keiderling TA. Synthesis and conformational study of homo-peptides based on (S)-Bin, a C2-symmetric binaphthyl-derived Cα,α-disubstituted glycine with only axial chirality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(03)00285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Novel chiral dibenzo[a,c]cycloheptadiene bis(oxazoline) and catalytic enantioselective cyclopropanation of styrene. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Belokon YN, Kochetkov KA, Borkin DA. Asymmetric synthesis of unusual α-amino acids. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2003. [DOI: 10.1070/mc2003v013n03abeh001746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Capozzi G, Delogu G, Fabbri D, Marini M, Menichetti S, Nativi C. Regiocontrolled synthesis of enantiopure 3,3'-thiosubstituted biphenyls. J Org Chem 2002; 67:2019-26. [PMID: 11925205 DOI: 10.1021/jo0157627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfenylation of 6,6'-dimethoxy-2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl, used as a racemic mixture and single enantiomers, by phthalimidesulfenyl chloride afforded the corresponding 3,3'-N,N'-dithiophthalimide with complete regioselectivity. Simple manipulations of the latter compound allowed access to the corresponding bis-thiol or o-thioquinone as useful intermediates for the synthesis of new sulfur-containing open-chain and macrocyclic C(2) enantiopure ligands. The application of this methodology to the preparation of a biphenyl bearing two cysteine units as potential HIV-1 protease inhibitor is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Capozzi
- Centro CNR "Chimica dei Composti Eterociclici", Dipartimento di Chimica Organica, Universita' di Firenze, via G. Capponi 9, I-50121, Firenze, Italy
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Mazaleyrat JP, Goubard Y, Azzini MV, Wakselman M, Peggion C, Formaggio F, Toniolo C. Synthesis of the First Axially Dissymmetric,Cα,α-Disubstituted Glycine Containing a Crown Ether Receptor, and the Conformational Preferences of a Model Peptide. European J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200204)2002:7<1232::aid-ejoc1232>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Synthesis and resolution of β2,2-HBin, the first enantiomerically stable β-amino acid with chirality only due to axial dissymmetry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(01)00435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Mazaleyrat JP, Wright K, Wakselman M, Formaggio F, Crisma M, Toniolo C. 9-Amino-4,5-diazafluorene-9-carboxylic Acid (Daf), a New Cα,α-Disubstituted Glycine Containing a Spatially Constrained Bipyridine-Like Ligand for Transition Metals − Synthesis and Evaluation of Peptide-Coupling Conditions at itsC- andN-Termini. European J Org Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200105)2001:10<1821::aid-ejoc1821>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Formaggio F, Crisma M, Toniolo C, Tchertanov L, Guilhem J, Mazaleyrat JP, Gaucher A, Wakselman M. Bip: a Cα-Tetrasubstituted, Axially Chiral α-Amino Acid. Synthesis and Conformational Preference of Model Peptides. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Gaucher A, Wakselman M, Mazaleyrat JP, Crisma M, Formaggio F, Toniolo C. β-Homo-peptides Built from β2,2-HBip, a Biphenyl-substituted 3-Amino-2,2-dimethylpropanoic Acid. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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29
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Mazaleyrat JP, Wakselman M, Formaggio F, Crisma M, Toniolo C. Synthesis of terminally protected 9-amino-4,5-diazafluorene-9-carboxylic acid, the first rigid, transition-metal receptor, Cα,α-disubstituted glycine. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Gaucher A, Bintein F, Wakselman M, Mazaleyrat JP. Synthesis of α,α-disubstituted-β-aminoacids with axial chirality. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)10704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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31
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Péter A, Török G, Mazaleyrat JP, Wakselman M. High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of enantiomers of 1,1′-binaphthyl-substituted α-aminoisobutyric acid. J Chromatogr A 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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