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Tokura D, Konarita K, Suzuki M, Ogata K, Honda Y, Miura Y, Nishiyama N, Nomoto T. Active control of pharmacokinetics using light-responsive polymer-drug conjugates for boron neutron capture therapy. J Control Release 2024; 371:445-454. [PMID: 38844180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
In boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), boron drugs should exhibit high intratumoral boron concentrations during neutron irradiation, while being cleared from the blood and normal organs. However, it is usually challenging to achieve such tumor accumulation and quick clearance simultaneously in a temporally controlled manner. Here, we developed a polymer-drug conjugate that can actively control the clearance of the drugs from the blood. This polymer-drug conjugate is based on a biocompatible polymer that passively accumulates in tumors. Its side chains were conjugated with the low-molecular-weight boron drugs, which are immediately excreted by the kidneys, via photolabile linkers. In a murine subcutaneous tumor model, the polymer-drug conjugate could accumulate in the tumor with the high boron concentration ratio of the tumor to the surrounding normal tissue (∼10) after intravenous injection while a considerable amount remained in the bloodstream as well. Photoirradiation to blood vessels through the skin surface cleaved the linker to release the boron drug in the blood, allowing for its rapid clearance from the bloodstream. Meanwhile, the boron concentration in the tumor which was not photoirradiated could be maintained high, permitting strong BNCT effects. In clinical BNCT, the dose of thermal neutrons to solid tumors is determined by the maximum radiation exposure to normal organs. Thus, our polymer-drug conjugate may enable us to increase the therapeutic radiation dose to tumors in such a practical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Tokura
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan; Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kakeru Konarita
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan; Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Division of Particle Radiation Oncology, Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-1010 Asashiro-nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ogata
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan; Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yuto Honda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan; Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan; Innovation Center of Nanomedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Yutaka Miura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan; Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan; Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan; Innovation Center of Nanomedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nomoto
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.
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Kopeček J. Hydrophilic biomaterials: From crosslinked and self-assembled hydrogels to polymer-drug conjugates and drug-free macromolecular therapeutics. J Control Release 2024; 373:1-22. [PMID: 38734315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This "Magnum Opus" accentuates my lifelong belief that the future of science is in the interdisciplinary approach to hypotheses formulation and problem solving. Inspired by the invention of hydrogels and soft contact lenses by my mentors, my six decades of research have continuously proceeded from the synthesis of biocompatible hydrogels to the development of polymer-drug conjugates, then generation of drug-free macromolecular therapeutics (DFMT) and finally to multi-antigen T cell hybridizers (MATCH). This interdisciplinary journey was inspiring; the lifetime feeling that one is a beginner in some aspects of the research is a driving force that keeps the enthusiasm high. Also, I wanted to illustrate that systematic research in one wide area can be a life-time effort without the need to jump to areas that are temporarily en-vogue. In addition to generating general scientific knowledge, hydrogels from my laboratory have been transferred to the clinic, polymer-drug conjugates to clinical trials, and drug-free macromolecular systems have an excellent potential for personalizing patient therapies. There is a limit to life but no limit to imagination. I anticipate that systematic basic research will contribute to the expansion of our knowledge and create a foundation for the design of new paradigms based on the comprehension of mechanisms of physiological processes. The emerging novel platform technologies in biomaterial-based devices and implants as well as in personalized nanomedicines will ultimately impact clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindřich Kopeček
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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3
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Biopolymeric Prodrug Systems as Potential Antineoplastic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091773. [PMID: 36145522 PMCID: PMC9505808 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, cancer represents a major public health issue, a substantial economic issue, and a burden for society. Limited by numerous disadvantages, conventional chemotherapy is being replaced by new strategies targeting tumor cells. In this context, therapies based on biopolymer prodrug systems represent a promising alternative for improving the pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic properties of drugs and reducing their toxicity. The polymer-directed enzyme prodrug therapy is based on tumor cell targeting and release of the drug using polymer–drug and polymer–enzyme conjugates. In addition, current trends are oriented towards natural sources. They are biocompatible, biodegradable, and represent a valuable and renewable source. Therefore, numerous antitumor molecules have been conjugated with natural polymers. The present manuscript highlights the latest research focused on polymer–drug conjugates containing natural polymers such as chitosan, hyaluronic acid, dextran, pullulan, silk fibroin, heparin, and polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula.
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Evaluation of poly(N-benzoyl-4-(N-itaconimido)benzhydrazide) and its metal complexes as microbial inhibitors and thermal stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride). Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yang S, Shim MK, Kim WJ, Choi J, Nam GH, Kim J, Kim J, Moon Y, Kim HY, Park J, Park Y, Kim IS, Ryu JH, Kim K. Cancer-activated doxorubicin prodrug nanoparticles induce preferential immune response with minimal doxorubicin-related toxicity. Biomaterials 2021; 272:120791. [PMID: 33831739 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The effective chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (DOX), elicits immunogenic cell death (ICD) and additional anticancer immune responses during chemotherapy. However, it also induces severe side effects and systemic immunosuppression, hampering its wide clinical application. Herein, we constructed cancer-activated DOX prodrug by conjugating the cathepsin B-cleavable peptide (Phe-Arg-Arg-Gly, FRRG) to a doxorubicin (DOX), resulting in FRRG-DOX that self-assembled into cancer-activated DOX prodrug nanoparticles (CAP-NPs). The resulting CAP-NPs were further stabilized with the FDA-approved compound, Pluronic F68. CAP-NPs formed stable prodrug nanoparticles and they were specifically cleaved to cytotoxic DOX molecules only in cathepsin B-overexpressing cancer cells, inducing a cancer cell-specific cytotoxicity. In particular, the CAP-NPs induced ICD through cathepsin B-cleavage mechanism only in targeted cancer cells in vitro. In colon tumor-bearing mice, selectively accumulated CAP-NPs at tumors enhanced antitumor immunity without DOX-related severe toxicity, inflammatory response and systemic immunosuppression. Moreover, cytotoxicity against immune cells infiltrated into tumor microenvironment was significantly reduced compared to free DOX, leading to increased response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. The combinatorial treatment of CAP-NPs with anti-PD-L1 exhibited high rate of complete tumor regression (50%) compared to free DOX with anti-PD-L1. Concurrently, DOX-related side effects were greatly reduced during chemoimmunotherapy. Collectively, our results suggest that cancer-activated DOX prodrug nanoparticles provide a promising approach to increase clinical benefit by inducing an immune response preferentially only to targeted cancer cells, not to normal cells and immune cells, and potentiates checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suah Yang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Kyu Shim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jun Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Choi
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Hoon Nam
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongrae Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseong Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Moon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooho Park
- Department of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Park
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Ryu
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Thomas E, Dragojevic S, Price A, Raucher D. Thermally Targeted p50 Peptide Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000170. [PMID: 32734662 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The application of rationally designed therapeutic peptides (TP) may improve outcomes in cancer treatment. These peptides hold the potential to directly target proliferative pathways and stimulate cell arrest or death pathways. Elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) is an elastin derived biopolymer that undergoes a thermally mediated phase transition. This study employs p50, a nuclear localization sequence derived peptide that inhibits the activation of NFκB and is implicated in cancer cell survival and metastasis. In order to effectively delivery p50, it is conjugated to SynB1-ELP1, a thermally responsive macromolecular carrier. By applying an external heat source, mild hyperthermic conditions (41 °C) induce aggregation and therefore can be used to specifically target ELP to solid tumors in cancer therapy. The addition of a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) to the N-terminus of the macromolecular carrier enhances the cellular uptake and directs the subcellular localization of the bioactive peptide. The novel TP, p50, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells by blocking the intranuclear import of NFκB. By expanding the repertoire of oncogenic targets, CPPs, and ELP carrier sizes, ELP-based polypeptides may be modulated to optimize the delivery of these novel therapies and allow for the flexibility to create individualized cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Thomas
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Sonja Dragojevic
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Amira Price
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Drazen Raucher
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
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Kopeček J, Yang J. Polymer nanomedicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 156:40-64. [PMID: 32735811 PMCID: PMC7736172 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymer nanomedicines (macromolecular therapeutics, polymer-drug conjugates, drug-free macromolecular therapeutics) are a group of biologically active compounds that are characterized by their large molecular weight. This review focuses on bioconjugates of water-soluble macromolecules with low molecular weight drugs and selected proteins. After analyzing the design principles, different structures of polymer carriers are discussed followed by the examination of the efficacy of the conjugates in animal models and challenges for their translation into the clinic. Two innovative directions in macromolecular therapeutics that depend on receptor crosslinking are highlighted: a) Combination chemotherapy of backbone degradable polymer-drug conjugates with immune checkpoint blockade by multivalent polymer peptide antagonists; and b) Drug-free macromolecular therapeutics, a new paradigm in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Rani S, Gupta U. HPMA-based polymeric conjugates in anticancer therapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:997-1012. [PMID: 32334073 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymer therapeutics has gained prominence due to an attractive structural polymer chemistry and its applications in diseases therapy. In this review, we discussed the development and capabilities of N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) and HPMA-drug conjugates in cancer therapy. The design, architecture, and structural properties of HPMA make it a versatile system for the synthesis of polymeric conjugations for biomedical applications. Research suggests that HPMA could be a possible alternative for polymers such polyethylene glycol (PEG) in biomedical applications. Although numerous clinical trials of HPMA-drug conjugates are ongoing, yet no product has been successfully brought to the market. Thus, further research is required to develop HPMA-drug conjugates as successful cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Rani
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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Bláhová M, Randárová E, Konefał R, Nottelet B, Etrych T. Graft copolymers with tunable amphiphilicity tailored for efficient dual drug delivery via encapsulation and pH-sensitive drug conjugation. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00609b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic poly(ε-caprolactone)-graft-(poly-N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide) copolymers with tunable solution properties form stable micelles with high drug payload via simultaneous encapsulation and pH-sensitive covalent conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Bláhová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Eva Randárová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Rafal Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Benjamin Nottelet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- Université Montpellier
- ENSCM
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- Montpellier Cedex 5
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
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Dheer D, Nicolas J, Shankar R. Cathepsin-sensitive nanoscale drug delivery systems for cancer therapy and other diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 151-152:130-151. [PMID: 30690054 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsins are an important category of enzymes that have attracted great attention for the delivery of drugs to improve the therapeutic outcome of a broad range of nanoscale drug delivery systems. These proteases can be utilized for instance through actuation of polymer-drug conjugates (e.g., triggering the drug release) to bypass limitations of many drug candidates. A substantial amount of work has been witnessed in the design and the evaluation of Cathepsin-sensitive drug delivery systems, especially based on the tetra-peptide sequence (Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly, GFLG) which has been extensively used as a spacer that can be cleaved in the presence of Cathepsin B. This Review Article will give an in-depth overview of the design and the biological evaluation of Cathepsin-sensitive drug delivery systems and their application in different pathologies including cancer before discussing Cathepsin B-cleavable prodrugs under clinical trials.
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Prasher P, Sharma M. Tailored therapeutics based on 1,2,3-1 H-triazoles: a mini review. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1302-1328. [PMID: 31534652 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary drug discovery approaches rely on library synthesis coupled with combinatorial methods and high-throughput screening to identify leads. However, due to the multitude of components involved, a majority of optimization techniques face persistent challenges related to the efficiency of synthetic processes and the purity of compound libraries. These methods have recently found an upgradation as fragment-based approaches for target-guided synthesis of lead molecules with active involvement of their biological target. The click chemistry approach serves as a promising tool for tailoring the therapeutically relevant biomolecules of interest, improving their bioavailability and bioactivity and redirecting them as efficacious drugs. 1,2,3-1H-Triazole nucleus, being a planar and biologically acceptable scaffold, plays a crucial role in the design of biomolecular mimetics and tailor-made molecules with therapeutic relevance. This versatile scaffold also forms an integral part of the current fragment-based approaches for drug design, kinetic target guided synthesis and bioorthogonal methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies , Department of Chemistry , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar 143005 , India . ; .,Department of Chemistry , University of Petroleum & Energy Studies , Dehradun 248007 , India
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies , Department of Chemistry , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar 143005 , India . ;
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12
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Duan Z, Cai H, Zhang H, Chen K, Li N, Xu Z, Gong Q, Luo K. PEGylated Multistimuli-Responsive Dendritic Prodrug-Based Nanoscale System for Enhanced Anticancer Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:35770-35783. [PMID: 30246536 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A PEGylated multistimuli-responsive dendritic copolymer-doxorubicin (DOX) prodrug-based nanoscale system was developed as a delivery model for hydrophobic drugs. In this system, PEGylation did not only prolong circulation of the nanoscale system in the body (average half-life of 14.6 h, four times longer than that of the free drug), but also allowed the system to aggregate into nanoparticles (NPs) because of interactions between hydrophilic (polyethylene glycol) and hydrophobic (dendritic prodrug) moieties for better uptake through endocytosis (around 150 nm of particle size with a neutrally charged surface for the PEGylated dendritic prodrug with 12.1 wt % of DOX). The dendritic structure was built by bridging poly[ N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] segments with enzyme-responsive GFLG (Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly tetrapeptide) linkers. DOX was released by hydrolyzing the hydrazone bond between DOX and the copolymer framework in the acidic endosomes/lysosomes. In vitro studies on DOX released from the NPs induced mitochondrial dysfunction during apoptosis. By imaging the main organs and tumor tissues from mice treated with the NPs, boosted accumulation of this nanoscale medicine was found in tumor tissues, leading to a decrease in toxicity and side effects to normal tissues and enhancement in drug tolerance. In the 4T1 breast cancer model, these NPs exhibited a superior antitumor efficacy confirmed by inhibiting angiogenesis, proliferation of tumor tissues, and inducing procedural apoptosis of tumor cells. The highest tumor growth inhibition value mediated by the NPs was up to 86.5%. Therefore, this PEGylated multistimuli-responsive dendritic copolymer-DOX prodrug-based nanoscale system may be further explored as an alternative to traditional chemotherapy for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Amgen Bioprocess Centre , Keck Graduate Institute , Claremont , California 91711 , United States
| | | | - Ning Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | | | | | - Kui Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
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Bourquin J, Milosevic A, Hauser D, Lehner R, Blank F, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Biodistribution, Clearance, and Long-Term Fate of Clinically Relevant Nanomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704307. [PMID: 29389049 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Realization of the immense potential of nanomaterials for biomedical applications will require a thorough understanding of how they interact with cells, tissues, and organs. There is evidence that, depending on their physicochemical properties and subsequent interactions, nanomaterials are indeed taken up by cells. However, the subsequent release and/or intracellular degradation of the materials, transfer to other cells, and/or translocation across tissue barriers are still poorly understood. The involvement of these cellular clearance mechanisms strongly influences the long-term fate of used nanomaterials, especially if one also considers repeated exposure. Several nanomaterials, such as liposomes and iron oxide, gold, or silica nanoparticles, are already approved by the American Food and Drug Administration for clinical trials; however, there is still a huge gap of knowledge concerning their fate in the body. Herein, clinically relevant nanomaterials, their possible modes of exposure, as well as the biological barriers they must overcome to be effective are reviewed. Furthermore, the biodistribution and kinetics of nanomaterials and their modes of clearance are discussed, knowledge of the long-term fates of a selection of nanomaterials is summarized, and the critical points that must be considered for future research are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Bourquin
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ana Milosevic
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hauser
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Roman Lehner
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Blank
- Respiratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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14
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Fattahi A, Karimi N, Rahmati F, Shokoohinia Y, Sadrjavadi K. Preparation and physicochemical characterization of camptothecin conjugated poly amino ester–methyl ether poly ethylene glycol copolymer. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12951-12959. [PMID: 35541238 PMCID: PMC9079732 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01407h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, camptothecin grafted poly amino ester-methyl ether polyethylene glycol (CPT-PEA-MPEG) as a novel copolymer was synthesized by Michael reaction at different ratios of MPEG and CPT (60 : 40 and 80 : 20). The microemulsion was used to prepare nanomicelles, and in vitro cytotoxicity was performed on the HT29 cell line, and cell survival was measured by MTT assay. The syntheses were confirmed by 1H NMR and FT-IR. Several characterization methods including CMC, particle size, size distribution, and transmission electron microscopy were performed to evaluate features of prepared nanomicelles. Low critical micelle concentration, small particle size and IC50 of 0.1 mg ml−1 at MPEG to CPT ratio of 60 : 40 make this micelle a promising drug delivery carrier. CPT-PAE-MPEG nanomicelles at a MPEG : CPT ratio of 60 : 40 can be a suitable choice to improve the physiochemical properties of CPT and its therapeutic effect, while it can be potentially used as a nano-carrier for other anticancer drugs to purpose a dual drug delivery. In the present study, camptothecin grafted poly amino ester-methyl ether polyethylene glycol (CPT-PEA-MPEG) as a novel copolymer was synthesized by Michael reaction at different ratios of MPEG and CPT (60 : 40 and 80 : 20).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fattahi
- Medical Biology Research Center
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
- Kermanshah
- Iran
| | - Nadia Karimi
- Medical Biology Research Center
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
- Kermanshah
- Iran
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Fatemeh Rahmati
- Student Research Committee
- School of Pharmacy
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
- Kermanshah
- Iran
| | - Yalda Shokoohinia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center
- School of Pharmacy
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
- Kermanshah
- Iran
| | - Komail Sadrjavadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center
- School of Pharmacy
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
- Kermanshah
- Iran
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15
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Nichols JW, Sakurai Y, Harashima H, Bae YH. Nano-sized drug carriers: Extravasation, intratumoral distribution, and their modeling. J Control Release 2017; 267:31-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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16
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Vogus DR, Krishnan V, Mitragotri S. A review on engineering polymer drug conjugates to improve combination chemotherapy. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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The Light at the End of the Tunnel-Second Generation HPMA Conjugates for Cancer Treatment. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 31:30-42. [PMID: 29276426 DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is almost four decades since N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) - based copolymers arose as drug carriers. Although fundamentals have been established and significant advantages have been proved, the commercialization of this platform technology was hampered due to modest outcome of clinical trial initiated with PK1, the symbol of first generation polymer-drug conjugates. In this review, we illustrate the exciting progress and approaches offered by more effective 2nd generation HPMA-based polymer-drug conjugates in cancer treatment. For example, a new synthetic strategy endorses inert HPMA polymer with biodegradability, which permitted to prepare high molecular weight HPMA-drug conjugates with simple linear architecture while maintaining good biocompatibility. As expected, extended long-circulating pharmacokinetics and enhanced antitumor activities were achieved in several preclinical investigations. In addition, greater inhibition of tumor growth in combination regimes exhibits the remarkable capability and flexibility of HPMA-based macromolecular therapeutics. The review also discusses the main challenges and strategies for further translation development of 2nd generation HPMA-based polymer-drug conjugates.
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18
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Mohamed NA, Abd El-Ghany NA, Fahmy MM, Khalaf-Alla PA. Novel polymaleimide containing dibenzoyl hydrazine pendant group as chelating agent for antimicrobial activity. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1297944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia A. Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Mona M. Fahmy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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19
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Pelaz B, Alexiou C, Alvarez-Puebla RA, Alves F, Andrews AM, Ashraf S, Balogh LP, Ballerini L, Bestetti A, Brendel C, Bosi S, Carril M, Chan WCW, Chen C, Chen X, Chen X, Cheng Z, Cui D, Du J, Dullin C, Escudero A, Feliu N, Gao M, George M, Gogotsi Y, Grünweller A, Gu Z, Halas NJ, Hampp N, Hartmann RK, Hersam MC, Hunziker P, Jian J, Jiang X, Jungebluth P, Kadhiresan P, Kataoka K, Khademhosseini A, Kopeček J, Kotov NA, Krug HF, Lee DS, Lehr CM, Leong KW, Liang XJ, Ling Lim M, Liz-Marzán LM, Ma X, Macchiarini P, Meng H, Möhwald H, Mulvaney P, Nel AE, Nie S, Nordlander P, Okano T, Oliveira J, Park TH, Penner RM, Prato M, Puntes V, Rotello VM, Samarakoon A, Schaak RE, Shen Y, Sjöqvist S, Skirtach AG, Soliman MG, Stevens MM, Sung HW, Tang BZ, Tietze R, Udugama BN, VanEpps JS, Weil T, Weiss PS, Willner I, Wu Y, Yang L, Yue Z, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Zhang XE, Zhao Y, Zhou X, Parak WJ. Diverse Applications of Nanomedicine. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2313-2381. [PMID: 28290206 PMCID: PMC5371978 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 748] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The design and use of materials in the nanoscale size range for addressing medical and health-related issues continues to receive increasing interest. Research in nanomedicine spans a multitude of areas, including drug delivery, vaccine development, antibacterial, diagnosis and imaging tools, wearable devices, implants, high-throughput screening platforms, etc. using biological, nonbiological, biomimetic, or hybrid materials. Many of these developments are starting to be translated into viable clinical products. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in nanomedicine and highlight the current challenges and upcoming opportunities for the field and translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pelaz
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine
(SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship for Nanomedicine, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ramon A. Alvarez-Puebla
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frauke Alves
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Diagnostic
and Interventional Radiology, University
Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne M. Andrews
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute
for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Division of NanoMedicine and Center
for the Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology, and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sumaira Ashraf
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lajos P. Balogh
- AA Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology Consultants, North Andover, Massachusetts 01845, United States
| | - Laura Ballerini
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bestetti
- School of Chemistry & Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Cornelia Brendel
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanna Bosi
- Department of Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Monica Carril
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation
for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Warren C. W. Chan
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key
Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of
China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 639798
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine,
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular
Imaging Program at Stanford and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford
for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument
Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electronical
Engineering, National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christian Dullin
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Diagnostic
and Interventional Radiology, University
Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Alberto Escudero
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla. CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Neus Feliu
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | | | - Yury Gogotsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials
Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Arnold Grünweller
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Naomi J. Halas
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Rice
University, Houston, Texas 77005, United
States
| | - Norbert Hampp
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland K. Hartmann
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mark C. Hersam
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry,
and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Patrick Hunziker
- University Hospital, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- CLINAM,
European Foundation for Clinical Nanomedicine, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ji Jian
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Center for
Bionanoengineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key
Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of
China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Philipp Jungebluth
- Thoraxklinik Heidelberg, Universitätsklinikum
Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pranav Kadhiresan
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | | | | | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Kotov
- Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019, United States
| | - Harald F. Krug
- EMPA, Federal Institute for Materials
Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical
Sciences and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- HIPS - Helmhotz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key
Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of
China, Beijing 100190, China
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Mei Ling Lim
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luis M. Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation
for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Ciber-BBN, 20014 Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Paolo Macchiarini
- Laboratory of Bioengineering Regenerative Medicine (BioReM), Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Huan Meng
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute
for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Division of NanoMedicine and Center
for the Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology, and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Helmuth Möhwald
- Department of Interfaces, Max-Planck
Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paul Mulvaney
- School of Chemistry & Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andre E. Nel
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute
for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Division of NanoMedicine and Center
for the Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology, and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shuming Nie
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Rice
University, Houston, Texas 77005, United
States
| | - Teruo Okano
- Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | | | - Tai Hyun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical
Sciences and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Reginald M. Penner
- Department of Chemistry, University of
California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation
for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Victor Puntes
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de Nanotecnologia, UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital
Institute of Research, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Amila Samarakoon
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Raymond E. Schaak
- Department of Chemistry, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Youqing Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Center for
Bionanoengineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Sebastian Sjöqvist
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andre G. Skirtach
- Department of Interfaces, Max-Planck
Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mahmoud G. Soliman
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials,
Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hsing-Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan,
ROC 300
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rainer Tietze
- ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine
(SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship for Nanomedicine, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Buddhisha N. Udugama
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - J. Scott VanEpps
- Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019, United States
| | - Tanja Weil
- Institut für
Organische Chemie, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute
for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Division of NanoMedicine and Center
for the Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology, and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | | | - Zhao Yue
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Qian Zhang
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Xian-En Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules,
CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key
Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of
China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wolfgang J. Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Fachbereich Medizin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
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20
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Yang J, Zhang R, Pan H, Li Y, Fang Y, Zhang L, Kopeček J. Backbone Degradable N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide Copolymer Conjugates with Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel: Impact of Molecular Weight on Activity toward Human Ovarian Carcinoma Xenografts. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1384-1394. [PMID: 28094954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Degradable diblock and multiblock (tetrablock and hexablock) N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-gemcitabine (GEM) and -paclitaxel (PTX) conjugates were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transter (RAFT) copolymerization followed by click reaction for preclinical investigation. The aim was to validate the hypothesis that long-circulating conjugates are needed to generate a sustained concentration gradient between vasculature and a solid tumor and result in significant anticancer effect. To evaluate the impact of molecular weight of the conjugates on treatment efficacy, diblock, tetrablock, and hexablock GEM and PTX conjugates were administered intravenously to nude mice bearing A2780 human ovarian xenografts. For GEM conjugates, triple doses with dosage 5 mg/kg were given on days 0, 7, and 14 (q7dx3), whereas a single dose regime with 20 mg/kg was applied on day 0 for PTX conjugates treatment. The most effective conjugates for each monotherapy were the diblock ones, 2P-GEM and 2P-PTX (Mw ≈ 100 kDa). Increasing the Mw to 200 or 300 kDa resulted in decrease of activity most probably due to changes in the conformation of the macromolecule because of interaction of hydrophobic residues at side chain termini and formation of "unimer micelles". In addition to monotherapy, a sequential combination treatment of diblock PTX conjugate followed by GEM conjugate (2P-PTX/2P-GEM) was also performed, which showed the best tumor growth inhibition due to synergistic effect: complete remission was achieved after the first treatment cycle. However, because of low dose applied, tumor recurrence was observed 2 weeks after cease of treatment. To assess optimal route of administration, intraperitoneal (i.p.) application of 2P-GEM, 2P-PTX, and their combination was examined. The fact that the highest anticancer efficiency was achieved with diblock conjugates that can be synthesized in one scalable step bodes well for the translation into clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Yang
- TheraTarget, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | | | - Huaizhong Pan
- TheraTarget, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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21
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Li X, Sun L, Wei X, Luo Q, Cai H, Xiao X, Zhu H, Luo K. Stimuli-responsive biodegradable and gadolinium-based poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide] copolymers: their potential as targeting and safe magnetic resonance imaging probes. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:2763-2774. [PMID: 32264163 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb03253b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized and biodegradable block pHPMA copolymer–gadolinium conjugates demonstrated good biocompatibility, high T1 relaxivity, and enhanced tumor signal intensity for MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Ling Sun
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)
- Department of Radiology
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)
- Department of Radiology
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Qiang Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)
- Department of Radiology
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Hao Cai
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)
- Department of Radiology
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Xueyang Xiao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)
- Department of Radiology
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)
- Department of Radiology
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
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22
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Shen T, Xu X, Guo L, Tang H, Diao T, Gan Z, Zhang G, Yu Q. Efficient Tumor Accumulation, Penetration and Tumor Growth Inhibition Achieved by Polymer Therapeutics: The Effect of Polymer Architectures. Biomacromolecules 2016; 18:217-230. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Shen
- The
State Key Laboratory of Organic−inorganic Composites, Beijing
Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department
of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linyi Guo
- The
State Key Laboratory of Organic−inorganic Composites, Beijing
Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Tang
- The
State Key Laboratory of Organic−inorganic Composites, Beijing
Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongxiang Diao
- Department
of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Gan
- The
State Key Laboratory of Organic−inorganic Composites, Beijing
Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guan Zhang
- Department
of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Yu
- The
State Key Laboratory of Organic−inorganic Composites, Beijing
Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Smith AAA, Zuwala K, Pilgram O, Johansen KS, Tolstrup M, Dagnæs-Hansen F, Zelikin AN. Albumin-Polymer-Drug Conjugates: Long Circulating, High Payload Drug Delivery Vehicles. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1089-1094. [PMID: 35658186 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Albumin is an exquisite tool of nature used in biomedicine to achieve long blood residence time for drugs, but the payload it can carry is typically limited to one molecule per protein. In contrast, synthetic macromolecular prodrugs contain multiple copies of drugs per polymer chain but offer only a marginal increase in the circulation lifetime of the drugs. We combine the benefits of the two platforms and at the same time overcome their respective limitations. Specifically, we develop the synthesis of albumin-polymer-drug conjugates to obtain long circulating, high payload drug delivery vehicles. In vivo data validate that albumin endows the conjugate with a blood residence time similar to that of the protein and well exceeding that of the polymer. Therapeutic activity of the conjugates is validated using prodrugs of panobinostat, an HIV latency reversal agent, in which case the conjugates matched the drug in terms of efficacy of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaja Zuwala
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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24
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Yang J, Kopeček J. Design of smart HPMA copolymer-based nanomedicines. J Control Release 2016; 240:9-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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25
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Photosensitizer enhanced disassembly of amphiphilic micelle for ROS-response targeted tumor therapy in vivo. Biomaterials 2016; 104:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Feng Q, Tong R. Anticancer nanoparticulate polymer-drug conjugate. Bioeng Transl Med 2016; 1:277-296. [PMID: 29313017 PMCID: PMC5689533 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We review recent progress in polymer-drug conjugate for cancer nanomedicine. Polymer-drug conjugates, including the nanoparticle prepared from these conjugates, are designed to release drug in tumor tissues or cells in order to improve drugs' therapeutic efficacy. We summarize general design principles for the polymer-drug conjugate, including the synthetic strategies, the design of the chemical linkers between the drug and polymer in the conjugate, and the in vivo drug delivery barriers for polymer-drug conjugates. Several new strategies, such as the synthesis of polymer-drug conjugates and supramolecular-drug conjugates, the use of stimulus-responsive delivery, and triggering the change of the nanoparticle physiochemical properties to over delivery barriers, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanyou Feng
- Dept. of Chemical EngineeringVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University635 Prices Fork RoadBlacksburgVA24061
| | - Rong Tong
- Dept. of Chemical EngineeringVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University635 Prices Fork RoadBlacksburgVA24061
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27
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Zhang L, Zhang R, Yang J, Wang J, Kopeček J. Indium-based and iodine-based labeling of HPMA copolymer-epirubicin conjugates: Impact of structure on the in vivo fate. J Control Release 2016; 235:306-318. [PMID: 27266365 PMCID: PMC5061135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we developed 2nd generation backbone degradable N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-drug conjugates which contain enzymatically cleavable sequences (GFLG) in both polymeric backbone and side-chains. This design allows using polymeric carriers with molecular weights above renal threshold without impairing their biocompatibility, thereby leading to significant improvement in therapeutic efficacy. For example, 2nd generation HPMA copolymer-epirubicin (EPI) conjugates (2P-EPI) demonstrated complete tumor regression in the treatment of mice bearing ovarian carcinoma. To obtain a better understanding of the in vivo fate of this system, we developed a dual-labeling strategy to simultaneously investigate the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the polymer carrier and drug EPI. First, we synthesized two different types of dual-radiolabeled conjugates, including 1) (111)In-2P-EPI-(125)I (polymeric carrier 2P was radiolabeled with (111)In and drug EPI with (125)I), and 2) (125)I-2P-EPI-(111)In (polymeric carrier 2P was radiolabeled with (125)I and drug EPI with (111)In). Then, we compared the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of these two dual-labeled conjugates in female nude mice bearing A2780 human ovarian carcinoma. There was no significant difference in the blood circulation between polymeric carrier and payload; the carriers ((111)In-2P and (125)I-2P) showed similar retention of radioactivity in both tumor and major organs except kidney. However, compared to (111)In-labeled payload EPI, (125)I-labeled EPI showed lower radioactivity in normal organs and tumor at 48h and 144h after intravenous administration of conjugates. This may be due to different drug release rates resulting from steric hindrance to the formation of enzyme-substrate complex as indicated by cleavage experiments with lysosomal enzymes (Tritosomes). A slower release rate of EPI(DTPA)(111)In than EPI(Tyr)(125)I was observed. It may be also due to in vivo catabolism and subsequent iodine loss as literature reported. Nevertheless, tumor-to-tissue uptake ratios of both radionuclides were comparable, indicating that drug-labeling strategy does not affect the tumor targeting ability of HPMA copolymer conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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28
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Ulbrich K, Holá K, Šubr V, Bakandritsos A, Tuček J, Zbořil R. Targeted Drug Delivery with Polymers and Magnetic Nanoparticles: Covalent and Noncovalent Approaches, Release Control, and Clinical Studies. Chem Rev 2016; 116:5338-431. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1120] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Ulbrich
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Holá
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Šubr
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Tuček
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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29
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Ebbesen MF, Gerke C, Hartwig P, Hartmann L. Biodegradable poly(amidoamine)s with uniform degradation fragments via sequence-controlled macromonomers. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01700b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the translation of sequence-controlled synthesis of macromonomers into sequence-defined and selectively degradable precision polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. F. Ebbesen
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - C. Gerke
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - P. Hartwig
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - L. Hartmann
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
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30
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Abstract
This overview intends to demonstrate the close relationship between the design of smart biomaterials and water-soluble polymer-drug conjugates. First, the discovery and systematic studies of hydrogels based on crosslinked poly(meth)acrylic acid esters and substituted amides is described. Then, the lessons learned for the design of water-soluble polymers as drug carriers are highlighted. The current state-of-the-art in water-soluble, mainly poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacylamide (HPMA), polymer-drug conjugates is shown including the design of backbone degradable HPMA copolymer carriers. In the second part, the modern design of hybrid hydrogels focuses on the self-assembly of hybrid copolymers composed from the synthetic part (backbone) and biorecognizable grafts (coiled-coil forming peptides or morpholino oligonucleotides) is shown. The research of self-assembling hydrogels inspired the invention and design of drug-free macromolecular therapeutics - a new paradigm in drug delivery where crosslinking of non-internalizating CD20 receptors results in apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. The latter is mediated by biorecognition of complementary motifs; no low molecular weight drug is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Di Meo C, Cilurzo F, Licciardi M, Scialabba C, Sabia R, Paolino D, Capitani D, Fresta M, Giammona G, Villani C, Matricardi P. Polyaspartamide-doxorubicin conjugate as potential prodrug for anticancer therapy. Pharm Res 2014; 32:1557-69. [PMID: 25366547 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To synthesize a new polymeric prodrug based on α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)(2-aminoethylcarbamate)-d,l-aspartamide copolymer bearing amine groups in the side chain (PHEA-EDA), covalently linked to the anticancer drug doxorubicin and to test its potential application in anticancer therapy. METHODS The drug was previously derivatized with a biocompatible and hydrophilic linker, leading to a doxorubicin derivative highly reactive with amino groups of PHEA-EDA. The PHEA-EDA-DOXO prodrug was characterized in terms of chemical stability. The pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and cytotoxicity of the product was investigated in vitro and in vivo on human breast cancer MCF-7 and T47D cell lines and NOD-SCID mice bearing a MCF-7 human breast carcinoma xenograft. Data collected were compared to those obtained using free doxorubicin. RESULTS The final polymeric product is water soluble and easily hydrolysable in vivo, due to the presence of ester and amide bonds along the spacer between the drug and the polymeric backbone. In vitro tests showed a retarded cytotoxic effect on tumor cells, whereas a significant improvement of the in vivo antitumor activity of PHEA-EDA-DOXO and a survival advantage of the treated NOD-SCID mice was evidenced, compared to that of free doxorubicin. CONCLUSIONS The features of the PHEA-EDA-DOXO provide a potential protection of the drug from the plasmatic enzymatic degradation and clearance, an improvement of the blood pharmacokinetic parameters and a suitable body biodistribution. The data collected support the promising rationale of the proposed macromolecular prodrug PHEA-EDA-DOXO for further potential development and application in the treatment of solid cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Meo
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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32
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Sedlacek O, Kucka J, Mattova J, Parizek M, Studenovsky M, Zadinova M, Pouckova P, Hruby M. Multistage-targeted pH-responsive polymer conjugate of Auger electron emitter: Optimized design and in vivo activity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 63:216-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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33
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Yang J, Kopeček J. Macromolecular therapeutics. J Control Release 2014; 190:288-303. [PMID: 24747162 PMCID: PMC4142088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review covers water-soluble polymer-drug conjugates and macromolecules that possess biological activity without attached low molecular weight drugs. The main design principles of traditional and backbone degradable polymer-drug conjugates as well as the development of a new paradigm in nanomedicines - (low molecular weight) drug-free macromolecular therapeutics are discussed. To address the biological features of cancer, macromolecular therapeutics directed to stem/progenitor cells and the tumor microenvironment are deliberated. Finally, the future perspectives of the field are briefly debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA.
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34
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Ebbesen MF, Bienk K, Deleuran BW, Howard KA. Extended blood circulation and joint accumulation of a p(HPMA-co-AzMA)-based nanoconjugate in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:29. [PMID: 26056596 PMCID: PMC4452064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently synthesized a hydrophilic polymer, poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide-co-N-(3-azidopropyl)methacrylamide), p(HPMA-co-AzMA), by RAFT polymerization using a novel azide-containing methacrylamide monomer that through a post modification strategy using click chemistry enabled facile preparation of a panel of versatile and well-defined bioconjugates. In this work we screen a panel of different molecular weight (Mw) fluorescently tagged p(HPMA-co-AzMA) in healthy mice, by live bioimaging, to select an extended circulatory half-life material for investigating joint accumulation in a murine collagen antibody-induced arthritis model. FINDINGS Fluorescence image analysis revealed half-lifes of <20 min, 2.8 h and 6.4 h for p(HPMA-co-AzMA) of 15, 36 and 54 kDa, respectively, with ~10% polymer retained in the blood after 24 h for the highest Mw. p(HPMA-co-AzMA) of 54 kDa showed enhanced accumulation in the joints of the arthritic mouse model with a bioavailability (AUC = 1783% · h) ~12 times higher (P = 0.01) than healthy control (AUC = 148% · h). CONCLUSIONS p(HPMA-co-AzMA) of 54 kDa exhibited extended circulatory half-life and preferential accumulation in inflamed joints of a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This combined with well-defined polymer size and versatility for conjugation of a range of biomolecules promotes p(HPMA-co-AzMA) for potential applications in the delivery of drugs for treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten F Ebbesen
- />Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- />Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Konrad Bienk
- />Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- />Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Bent W Deleuran
- />Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kenneth A Howard
- />Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- />Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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35
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Ebbesen MF, Bienk K, Deleuran BW, Howard KA. Extended blood circulation and joint accumulation of a p(HPMA-co-AzMA)-based nanoconjugate in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:29. [PMID: 26056596 PMCID: PMC4452064 DOI: 10.1186/2052-8426-2-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background We recently synthesized a hydrophilic polymer, poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide-co-N-(3-azidopropyl)methacrylamide), p(HPMA-co-AzMA), by RAFT polymerization using a novel azide-containing methacrylamide monomer that through a post modification strategy using click chemistry enabled facile preparation of a panel of versatile and well-defined bioconjugates. In this work we screen a panel of different molecular weight (Mw) fluorescently tagged p(HPMA-co-AzMA) in healthy mice, by live bioimaging, to select an extended circulatory half-life material for investigating joint accumulation in a murine collagen antibody-induced arthritis model. Findings Fluorescence image analysis revealed half-lifes of <20 min, 2.8 h and 6.4 h for p(HPMA-co-AzMA) of 15, 36 and 54 kDa, respectively, with ~10% polymer retained in the blood after 24 h for the highest Mw. p(HPMA-co-AzMA) of 54 kDa showed enhanced accumulation in the joints of the arthritic mouse model with a bioavailability (AUC = 1783% · h) ~12 times higher (P = 0.01) than healthy control (AUC = 148% · h). Conclusions p(HPMA-co-AzMA) of 54 kDa exhibited extended circulatory half-life and preferential accumulation in inflamed joints of a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This combined with well-defined polymer size and versatility for conjugation of a range of biomolecules promotes p(HPMA-co-AzMA) for potential applications in the delivery of drugs for treatment of RA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2052-8426-2-29) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten F Ebbesen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark ; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Konrad Bienk
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark ; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Bent W Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kenneth A Howard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark ; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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36
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Impact of the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) Effect and Cathepsins Levels on the Activity of Polymer-Drug Conjugates. Polymers (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/polym6082186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Sequential combination therapy of ovarian cancer with degradable N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer paclitaxel and gemcitabine conjugates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:12181-6. [PMID: 25092316 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1406233111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
For rapid and effective clinical translation, polymer-based anticancer therapeutics need long circulating conjugates that produce a sustained concentration gradient between the vasculature and solid tumor. To this end, we designed second-generation backbone-degradable diblock N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer carriers and evaluated sequential combination therapy of HPMA copolymer-paclitaxel and HPMA copolymer-gemcitabine conjugates against A2780 human ovarian carcinoma xenografts. First, extensive in vitro assessment of administration sequence impact on cell cycle, viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion revealed that treatment with paclitaxel conjugate followed by gemcitabine conjugate was the most effective scheduling strategy. Second, in an in vivo comparison with first-generation (nondegradable, molecular weight below the renal threshold) conjugates and free drugs, the second-generation degradable high-molecular weight conjugates showed distinct advantages, such as favorable pharmacokinetics (three- to five-times half-life compared with the first generation), dramatically enhanced inhibition of tumor growth (complete tumor regression) by paclitaxel and gemcitabine conjugate combination, and absence of adverse effects. In addition, multimodality imaging studies of dual-labeled model conjugates confirmed the efficacy of second-generation conjugates by visualizing more than five-times enhanced tumor accumulation, rapid conjugate internalization, and effective intracellular release of payload. Taken together, the results indicate that the second-generation degradable HPMA copolymer carrier can provide an ideal platform for the delivery of a range of antitumor compounds, which makes it one of the most attractive candidates for potential clinical application.
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Duangjai A, Luo K, Zhou Y, Yang J, Kopeček J. Combination cytotoxicity of backbone degradable HPMA copolymer gemcitabine and platinum conjugates toward human ovarian carcinoma cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 87:187-96. [PMID: 24316339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiblock, backbone degradable HPMA copolymer-drug conjugates containing gemcitabine and DACH platinum (mP-GEM and mP-DACH Pt), respectively were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and subsequent chain extension by click chemistry. Using combination index analysis, the cytotoxicities of the two multiblock conjugates, as single agent and in combination, were evaluated in vitro in A2780 human ovarian cancer cells, with free drugs as controls. The greatest synergistic cytotoxic effect was observed when A2780 cells were sequentially exposed to mP-GEM for 24h and mP-DACH Pt for 48h. In addition, mechanistic studies support the rationale of the synergy between mP-GEM and mP-DACH Pt: mP-GEM pretreatment was able to enhance the platinum-DNA adduct accumulation and inhibit cell proliferation to a higher extent than single mP-DACH Pt treatment. These observations are useful for the development of combination macromolecular therapeutics for ovarian cancer based on the second-generation backbone degradable HPMA copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharaporn Duangjai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Kui Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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39
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Shankar R, Samykutty A, Riggin C, Kannan S, Wenzel U, Kolhatkar R. Cathepsin B degradable star-shaped peptidic macromolecules for delivery of 2-methoxyestradiol. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3776-88. [PMID: 23971990 DOI: 10.1021/mp400261h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME), a natural metabolite of estradiol, has antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activity. However, its clinical success is limited due to poor water solubility and poor pharmacokinetic parameters suggesting the need for a delivery vehicle. In this study we evaluated cathepsin B degradable star-shaped peptidic macromolecules (SPMs) that can potentially be used to create higher generation and high molecular weight peptidic polymer as delivery vehicle of 2ME. Two peptidic macromolecules having positively charged amine (ASPM) or negatively charged carboxyl surface groups (CSPM) were synthesized and evaluated for their degradation in the presence of cathepsin B and stability in the presence of neutral or acidic buffer and serum. Both ASPM and CSPM degraded rapidly in the presence of cathepsin B. Both were stable in neutral and acidic buffer whereas only CSPM exhibited substantial stability in the presence of serum. Both macromolecules were nontoxic toward breast cancer cells whereas 2ME-containing macromolecules exhibited antiproliferative activity in the micromolar range. Overall, results from the current study indicate that tetrapeptide GFLG can be used to create star-shaped macromolecules that are degraded in the presence of cathepsin B and have the potential to be developed as delivery vehicles of 2ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shankar
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago , Rockford, Illinois 61107, United States
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40
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Efficiency of high molecular weight backbone degradable HPMA copolymer-prostaglandin E1 conjugate in promotion of bone formation in ovariectomized rats. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6528-38. [PMID: 23731780 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiblock, high molecular weight, linear, backbone degradable HPMA copolymer-prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) conjugate has been synthesized by RAFT polymerization mediated by a new bifunctional chain transfer agent (CTA), which contains an enzymatically degradable oligopeptide sequence flanked by two dithiobenzoate groups, followed by postpolymerization aminolysis and thiol-ene chain extension. The multiblock conjugate contains Asp8 as the bone targeting moiety and enzymatically degradable bonds in the polymer backbone; in vivo degradation produces cleavage products that are below the renal threshold. Using an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model, the accumulation in bone and efficacy to promote bone formation was evaluated; low molecular weight conjugates served as control. The results indicated a higher accumulation in bone, greater enhancement of bone density, and higher plasma osteocalcin levels for the backbone degradable conjugate.
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41
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Abstract
Bioresponsive hydrogels are emerging with technological significance in targeted drug delivery, biosensors, and regenerative medicine. Their ability to respond to specific biologically derived stimuli creates a design challenge in effectively linking the conferred biospecificity with an engineered response tailored to the needs of a particular application. Moreover, the fundamental phenomena governing the response must support an appropriate dynamic range, limit of detection, and the potential for feedback control. The design of these systems is inherently complicated due to the high interdependency of the governing phenomena that guide sensing, transduction, and actuation of the hydrogel. Future advancements in bioresponsive hydrogels will out of necessity contain control loops similar to synthetic metabolic pathways. The use of these materials will continue to expand as they become coupled and integrated with new technologies.
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Pan H, Sima M, Yang J, Kopeček J. Synthesis of long-circulating, backbone degradable HPMA copolymer-doxorubicin conjugates and evaluation of molecular-weight-dependent antitumor efficacy. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:155-60. [PMID: 23339052 PMCID: PMC4595041 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Backbone degradable, linear, multiblock N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-doxorubicin (DOX) conjugates are synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization followed by chain extension via thiol-ene click reaction. The examination of molecular-weight-dependent antitumor activity toward human ovarian A2780/AD carcinoma in nude mice reveals enhanced activity of multiblock, second-generation, higher molecular weight conjugates when compared with traditional HPMA copolymer-DOX conjugates. The examination of body weight changes during treatment indicates the absence of non-specific adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaizhong Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Monika Sima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Kunjachan S, Gremse F, Theek B, Koczera P, Pola R, Pechar M, Etrych T, Ulbrich K, Storm G, Kiessling F, Lammers T. Noninvasive optical imaging of nanomedicine biodistribution. ACS NANO 2013; 7:252-62. [PMID: 23067565 PMCID: PMC3743636 DOI: 10.1021/nn303955n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicines are sub-micrometer-sized carrier materials designed to improve the biodistribution of i.v. administered (chemo-) therapeutic agents. In recent years, ever more efforts in the nanomedicine field have employed optical imaging (OI) techniques to monitor biodistribution and target site accumulation. Thus far, however, the longitudinal assessment of nanomedicine biodistribution using OI has been impossible, due to limited light penetration (in the case of 2D fluorescence reflectance imaging; FRI) and to the inability to accurately allocate fluorescent signals to nonsuperficial organs (in the case of 3D fluorescence molecular tomography; FMT). Using a combination of high-resolution microcomputed tomography (μCT) and FMT, we have here set out to establish a hybrid imaging protocol for noninvasively visualizing and quantifying the accumulation of near-infrared fluorophore-labeled nanomedicines in tissues other than superficial tumors. To this end, HPMA-based polymeric drug carriers were labeled with Dy750, their biodistribution and tumor accumulation were analyzed using FMT, and the resulting data sets were fused with anatomical μCT data sets in which several different physiologically relevant organs were presegmented. The robustness of 3D organ segmentation was validated, and the results obtained using 3D CT-FMT were compared to those obtained upon standard 3D FMT and 2D FRI. Our findings convincingly demonstrate that combining anatomical μCT with molecular FMT facilitates the noninvasive assessment of nanomedicine biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijumon Kunjachan
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Theek
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick Koczera
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Pola
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pechar
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Ulbrich
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Corresponding authors: ;
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Corresponding authors: ;
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Kopeček J. Polymer-drug conjugates: origins, progress to date and future directions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:49-59. [PMID: 23123294 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This overview focuses on bioconjugates of water-soluble polymers with low molecular weight drugs and proteins. After a short discussion of the origins of the field, the state-of-the-art is reviewed. Then research directions needed for the acceleration of the translation of nanomedicines into the clinic are outlined. Two most important directions, synthesis of backbone degradable polymer carriers and drug-free macromolecular therapeutics, a new paradigm in drug delivery, are discussed in detail. Finally, the future perspectives of the field are briefly discussed.
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Zhong YJ, Shao LH, Li Y. Cathepsin B-cleavable doxorubicin prodrugs for targeted cancer therapy (Review). Int J Oncol 2012; 42:373-83. [PMID: 23291656 PMCID: PMC3583876 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most effective cytotoxic anticancer drugs used for the treatment of hematological malignancies, as well as a broad range of solid tumors. However, the clinical applications of this drug have long been limited due to its severe dose-dependent toxicities. Therefore, DOX derivatives and analogs have been developed to address this issue. A type of DOX prodrug, cleaved by cathepsin B (Cat B), which is highly upregulated in malignant tumors and premalignant lesions, has been developed to achieve a higher DOX concentration in tumor tissue and a lower concentration in normal tissue, so as to enhance the efficacy and reduce toxicity to normal cells. In this review, we focused on Cat B-cleavable DOX prodrugs and discussed the efficacy of these prodrugs, demonstrated by preclinical and clinical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
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Liu J, Kopečková P, Pan H, Sima M, Bühler P, Wolf P, Elsässer-Beile U, Kopeček J. Prostate-cancer-targeted N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer/docetaxel conjugates. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:412-22. [PMID: 22493797 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of prostate-cancer-targeted HPMA copolymer/DTX conjugates are evaluated in nude mice bearing prostate cancer C4-2 xenografts. PSMA-specific monoclonal antibodies 3F/11 are used as the targeting moiety. Control conjugates tumor accumulation to total background organs (heart, lung, kidney, liver, spleen and blood) accumulation increase substantially with time for the targeted conjugate, and the ratio at 48 h is 7-fold higher than that at 6 h. Preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of the conjugates in vivo show tumor growth inhibition for all HPMA copolymer/DTX conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Sedlacek O, Monnery BD, Filippov SK, Hoogenboom R, Hruby M. Poly(2-Oxazoline)s - Are They More Advantageous for Biomedical Applications Than Other Polymers? Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:1648-62. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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48
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Zhou Y, Kopeček J. Biological rationale for the design of polymeric anti-cancer nanomedicines. J Drug Target 2012; 21:1-26. [PMID: 23009337 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.723213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the biological features of cancer is the basis for designing efficient anti-cancer nanomedicines. On one hand, important therapeutic targets for anti-cancer nanomedicines need to be identified based on cancer biology, to address the unmet medical needs. On the other hand, the unique pathophysiological properties of cancer affect the delivery and interactions of anti-cancer nanomedicines with their therapeutic targets. This review discusses several critical cancer biological properties that challenge the currently available anti-cancer treatments, including cancer heterogeneity and cancer stem cells, the complexcity of tumor microenvironment, and the inevitable cancer metastases. In addition, the biological bases of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and tumor-specific active targeting, as well as the physiological barriers for passive and active targeting of anti-cancer nanomedicines are covered in this review. Correspondingly, possible nanomedicine strategies to target cancer heterogeneity, cancer stem cells and metastases, to overcome the challenges related to tumor passive targeting and tumor penetration, and to improve the interactions of therapeutic payloads with the therapeutic targets are discussed. The focus is mainly on the designs of polymeric anti-cancer nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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49
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Taurin S, Nehoff H, Greish K. Anticancer nanomedicine and tumor vascular permeability; Where is the missing link? J Control Release 2012; 164:265-75. [PMID: 22800576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer nanomedicine was coined to describe anticancer delivery systems such as polymer conjugates, liposomes, micelles, and metal nanoparticles. These anticancer delivery platforms have been developed with the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect as a central mechanism for tumor targeting. EPR based nanomedicine has demonstrated, beyond doubt, to selectively target tumor tissues in animal models. However, over the last two decades, only nine anticancer agents utilizing this targeting strategy have been approved for clinical use. In this review, we systematically analyze various aspects that explain the limited clinical progress yet achieved. The influence of nanomedicine physicochemical characteristics, animal tumor models, and variations in tumor biology, on EPR based tumor targeting is closely examined. Furthermore, we reviewed results from over one hundred publications to construct patterns of factors that can influence the transition of EPR based anticancer nanomedicine to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Taurin
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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50
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Zhang J, Liu YF, Liu LX, Zhang YZ, Qiao CA, Zhou YZ. Poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] prodrug for metaxalone via a chloroacetyl chloride linker: Synthesis and controlled release evaluation. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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