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Qiu Y, Xu D, Lei P, Li S, Xu H. Engineering functional homopolymeric amino acids: from biosynthesis to design. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:310-325. [PMID: 37775417 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Homopolymeric amino acids (HPAs) are a class of microbial polymers that can be classified into two categories: anionic and cationic HPAs. Notable examples include γ-poly-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) and ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) that have wide-ranging applications in medicine, food, and agriculture. The primary method of manufacture is through microbial synthesis. In recent decades significant efforts have been made to enhance the production of HPAs, specifically focusing on γ-PGA and ε-PL. We comprehensively review current advances in understanding the synthetic mechanisms as well as metabolic engineering and fermentation process techniques to improve the production of HPAs. In addition, we discuss the major challenges and solutions associated with desired structure regulation of HPAs and the development of novel structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Delei Xu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 99 South Third Ring Road, Changshu 215500, PR China
| | - Peng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China; Nanjing Shineking Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210061, PR China.
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Elbanna K, Alsulami FS, Neyaz LA, Abulreesh HH. Poly (γ) glutamic acid: a unique microbial biopolymer with diverse commercial applicability. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1348411. [PMID: 38414762 PMCID: PMC10897055 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1348411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial biopolymers have emerged as promising solutions for environmental pollution-related human health issues. Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), a natural anionic polymeric compound, is composed of highly viscous homo-polyamide of D and L-glutamic acid units. The extracellular water solubility of PGA biopolymer facilitates its complete biodegradation and makes it safe for humans. The unique properties have enabled its applications in healthcare, pharmaceuticals, water treatment, foods, and other domains. It is applied as a thickener, taste-masking agent, stabilizer, texture modifier, moisturizer, bitterness-reducing agent, probiotics cryoprotectant, and protein crystallization agent in food industries. γ-PGA is employed as a biological adhesive, drug carrier, and non-viral vector for safe gene delivery in tissue engineering, pharmaceuticals, and medicine. It is also used as a moisturizer to improve the quality of hair care and skincare cosmetic products. In agriculture, it serves as an ideal stabilizer, environment-friendly fertilizer synergist, plant-growth promoter, metal biosorbent in soil washing, and animal feed additive to reduce body fat and enhance egg-shell strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Elbanna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Fatimah S Alsulami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena A Neyaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein H Abulreesh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Mohammadzadeh V, Rahiman N, Cabral H, Quader S, Zirak MR, Taghavizadeh Yazdi ME, Jaafari MR, Alavizadeh SH. Poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles as adjuvant and antigen carrier system for cancer vaccination. J Control Release 2023; 362:278-296. [PMID: 37640110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is an innovative strategy for cancer treatment by leveraging various components of the patients' immunity to boost an anti-tumor immune response. Rationally designed nanoparticles are well suited to maximize cancer vaccination by the inclusion of immune stimulatory adjuvants. Also, nanoparticles might control the pharmacokinetics and destination of the immune potentiating compounds. Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) based nanoparticles (NPs), which have a natural origin, can be easily taken up by dendritic cells (DCs), which leads to the secretion of cytokines which ameliorates the stimulation capacity of T cells. The intrinsic adjuvant properties and antigen carrier properties of γ-PGA NPs have been the focus of recent investigations as they can modulate the tumor microenvironment, can contribute to systemic anti-tumor immunity and subsequently inhibit tumor growth. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the potential of γ-PGA NPs as antigen carriers and/or adjuvants for anti-cancer vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Mohammadzadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Niloufar Rahiman
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sabina Quader
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Mohammad Reza Zirak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Hossain S, Manan H, Shukri ZNA, Othman R, Kamaruzzan AS, Rahim AIA, Khatoon H, Minhaz TM, Islam Z, Kasan NA. Microplastics biodegradation by biofloc-producing bacteria: An inventive biofloc technology approach. Microbiol Res 2023; 266:127239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Cytokine Therapy Combined with Nanomaterials Participates in Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122606. [PMID: 36559100 PMCID: PMC9788370 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has gradually become an emerging treatment modality for tumors after surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Cytokine therapy is a promising treatment for cancer immunotherapy. Currently, there are many preclinical theoretical bases to support this treatment strategy and a variety of cytokines in clinical trials. When cytokines were applied to tumor immunotherapy, it was found that the efficacy was not satisfactory. As research on tumor immunity has deepened, the role of cytokines in the tumor microenvironment has been further explored. Meanwhile, the study of nanomaterials in drug delivery has been fully developed in the past 20 years. Researchers have begun to think about the possibility of combining cytokine therapy with nanomaterials. Herein, we briefly review various nano-delivery systems that can directly deliver cytokines or regulate the expression of cytokines in tumor cells for cancer immunotherapy. We further discussed the feasibility of the combination of various therapies. We looked forward to the main challenges, opportunities, and prospects of tumor immunotherapy with multiple cytokines and a nano-delivery system.
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Bahniuk MS, Alidina F, Tan X, Unsworth LD. The last 25 years of research on bioflocculants for kaolin flocculation with recent trends and technical challenges for the future. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1048755. [PMID: 36507274 PMCID: PMC9731118 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1048755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of kaolin-containing wastewater is an inevitable consequence in a number of industries including mining, wastewater treatment, and bitumen processing. In some cases, the production of kaolin tailings waste during the production of bitumen or phosphate is as high as 3 times greater than the actual produced product. The existing inventory of nearly five billion barrels of oil sands tailings alone represents a massive storage and reclamation challenge, as well as a significant economic and environmental liability. Current reclamation options like inorganic coagulants and organic synthetic polymers may settle kaolin effectively, but may themselves pose an additional environmental hazard. Bioflocculants are an emerging alternative, given the inherent safety and biodegradability of their bio-based compositions. This review summarizes the different research attempts towards a better bioflocculant of kaolin, with a focus on the bioflocculant source, composition, and effective flocculating conditions. Bacillus bacteria were the most prevalent single species for bioflocculant production, with wastewater also hosting a large number of bioflocculant-producing microorganisms while serving as an inexpensive nutrient. Effective kaolin flocculation could be obtained over a broad range of pH values (1-12) and temperatures (5-95°C). Uronic acid and glutamic acid were predominant sugars and amino acids, respectively, in a number of effective bioflocculants, potentially due to their structural and charge similarities to effective synthetic polymers like polyacrylamide. Overall, these results demonstrate that bioflocculants can be produced from a wide range of microorganisms, can be composed of polysaccharides, protein or glycoproteins and can serve as effective treatment options for kaolin. In some cases, the next obstacle to their wide-spread application is scaling to industrially relevant volumes and their deployment strategies.
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Nguyen TT, Hu CC, Sakthivel R, Nabilla SC, Huang YW, Yu J, Cheng NC, Kuo YJ, Chung RJ. Preparation of gamma poly-glutamic acid/hydroxyapatite/collagen composite as the 3D-printing scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Biomater Res 2022; 26:21. [PMID: 35642070 PMCID: PMC9158383 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background All types of movements involve the role of articular cartilage and bones. The presence of cartilage enables bones to move over one another smoothly. However, repetitive microtrauma and ischemia as well as genetic effects can cause an osteochondral lesion. Numerous treatment methods such as microfracture surgergy, autograft, and allograft, have been used, however, it possesses treatment challenges including prolonged recovery time after surgery and poses a financial burden on patients. Nowadays, various tissue engineering approaches have been developed to repair bone and osteochondral defects using biomaterial implants to induce the regeneration of stem cells. Methods In this study, a collagen (Col)/γ-polyglutamate acid (PGA)/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite scaffold was fabricated using a 3D printing technique. A Col/γ-PGA/HA 2D membrane was also fabricated for comparison. The scaffolds (four layers) were designed with the size of 8 mm in diameter and 1.2 mm in thickness. The first layer was HA/γ-PGA and the second to fourth layers were Col/γ-PGA. In addition, a 2D membrane was constructed from hydroxyapatite/γ-PGA and collagen/γ-PGA with a ratio of 1:3. The biocompatibility property and degradation activity were investigated for both scaffold and membrane samples. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) were cultured on the samples and were tested in-vitro to evaluate cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. In-vivo experiments were performed in the rat and nude mice models. Results In-vitro and in-vivo results show that the developed scaffold is of well biodegradation and biocompatible properties, and the Col-HA scaffold enhances the mechanical properties for osteochondrogenesis in both in-vitro and animal trials. Conclusions The composite would be a great biomaterial application for bone and osteochondral regeneration.
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Li D, Hou L, Gao Y, Tian Z, Fan B, Wang F, Li S. Recent Advances in Microbial Synthesis of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050739. [PMID: 35267372 PMCID: PMC8909396 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a natural, safe, non-immunogenic, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly glutamic biopolymer. γ-PGA has been regarded as a promising bio-based materials in the food field, medical field, even in environmental engineering field, and other industrial fields. Microbial synthesis is an economical and effective way to synthesize γ-PGA. Bacillus species are the most widely studied producing strains. γ-PGA biosynthesis involves metabolic pathway of racemization, polymerization, transfer, and catabolism. Although microbial synthesis of γ-PGA has already been used extensively, productivity and yield remain the major constraints for its industrial application. Metabolic regulation is an attempt to solve the above bottleneck problems and meet the demands of commercialization. Therefore, it is important to understand critical factors that influence γ-PGA microbial synthesis in depth. This review focuses on production strains, biosynthetic pathway, and metabolic regulation. Moreover, it systematically summarizes the functional properties, purification procedure, and industrial application of γ-PGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (L.H.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Lizhen Hou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (L.H.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Yaxin Gao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (L.H.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Zhiliang Tian
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (L.H.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (L.H.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (B.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (S.L.); Tel.: +86-010-62815977 (F.W.); +86-010-62810295 (S.L.)
| | - Shuying Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (L.H.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (S.L.); Tel.: +86-010-62815977 (F.W.); +86-010-62810295 (S.L.)
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Xia M, Zhou H, Amanze C, Hu L, Shen L, Yu R, Liu Y, Chen M, Li J, Wu X, Qiu G, Zeng W. A novel polysaccharides-based bioflocculant produced by Bacillus subtilis ZHX3 and its application in the treatment of multiple pollutants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133185. [PMID: 34883128 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A high bioflocculant-producing bacterial strain was identified and named Bacillus subtilis ZHX3. Single-factor experiments suggested that 10 g/L starch and 5 g/L yeast extract were optimal for strain ZHX3 to produce bioflocculant MBF-ZHX3. The maximum flocculating rate reached 95.5%, and 3.14 g/L product was extracted after 3 days of cultivation. MBF-ZHX3 was mainly composed of polysaccharides (77.2%) and protein (14.8%). The polysaccharides contained 28.9% uronic acid and 3.7% amino sugar. Rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 0.35:1.83:3.09:12.66:0.46:3.81 were detected. MBF-ZHX3 had a molecular weight of 10,028 Da and contained abundant groups (-OH, CO, >PO, C-O-C) contributing to flocculation. Adsorption and bridging was considered as the main flocculation mechanism. MBF-ZHX3 was more effective in decolorizing dyes, removing heavy metals and flotation reagents compared to polyacrylamide. The results implied that MBF-ZHX3 has the potential to substitute polyacrylamide in wastewater treatment because of its excellent biological and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchen Xia
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Han Zhou
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Charles Amanze
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lan Hu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Li Shen
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Runlan Yu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yuandong Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Miao Chen
- CSIRO Process Science and Engineering, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Jiaokun Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xueling Wu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Guanzhou Qiu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Weimin Zeng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China; CSIRO Process Science and Engineering, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
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Use of carbon dioxide to enhance the brine purification and flocculation performance of PAM flocculants. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Duan L, Zhou Z, Dai X. Conditioning of raw sludge and thermally hydrolyzed sludge by ferric salt and cationic polyacrylamide: rheological analysis. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:1566-1577. [PMID: 33843743 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the conditioning effect of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) with different charge densities on raw sludge (RS) and thermo-hydrolyzed sludge (HS) pretreated with or without ferric salt is studied through orthogonal experiments. In addition, this paper uses the principles of rheology and morphology to analyze and clarify the conditioning mechanism of RS and HS, and reveals the mechanism of thermal hydrolysis to improve the dewatering performance of sludge. Compared with the RS, the HS has smaller particle size, better filterability, stronger fluidity and more obvious thixotropy. However, due to the influence of filter pressing time, ferric salt should be added before conditioning. The orthogonal experiment shows that the optimal conditioner is CPAM with charge density of 60, and the specific resistance to filtration and capillary suction time of the adjusted thermo-hydrolyzed sludge are reduced to (1.11 ± 0.07) × 1012 m/kg and 16.1 ± 1.8 s; the particle size increased from 61.2 to 253.5 μm. The moisture content of the sludge cake is about 48%. The structural strength and thixotropy of HS are higher than those of the RS, and can be greatly improved by adding ferric salt. Morphological analysis confirms that thermal hydrolysis can lyse microbial cells in sludge, and the sludge treated with ferric salt will have more porous structure and stronger flocculation strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Duan
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China E-mail:
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Maruyama H, Seki H. Effect of soy protein-based flocculant on flocculation and filtration of diatomite and kaolin suspensions. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:1868-1876. [PMID: 33201850 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ethylated soy protein-based bioflocculant (EtSP) as a filter aid reagent was investigated. The efficiency of EtSP as a filter aid was evaluated in terms of the specific cake resistance, α, and was compared with chitosan and polyaluminum chloride (PAC). Diatomite and kaolin were used as model particles. Total filtration resistance, R, decreased with increasing flocculant dosage (wt.%, flocculant/particle) and was almost constant in the range of 1 wt.% or more for both particles. The α value was significantly decreased from 1.01 × 1011 to 9.01 × 1010 m/kg for diatomite and from 5.11 × 1010 to 5.20 × 109 m/kg for kaolin by the addition of EtSP in the case of 1.0 wt.%. The α value for cakes formed by EtSP was much smaller than that formed by chitosan and PAC. In the case of diatomite, in the dose range of 0.5-1.0 wt.%, the α value for cakes formed by EtSP and chitosan was almost the same. However, at the excess dose of 2.0 wt.% over, the α value formed by chitosan abruptly increased. In the case of kaolin, in the dose range of 1.0-2.0 wt.%, the α values of chitosan and PAC were mostly the same, however, these values were larger by ca. nine times than that of EtSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Maruyama
- Division of Marine Bioresources, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato-cho 3-1-1, Hakodate 041-8611, Hokkaido, Japan E-mail:
| | - Hideshi Seki
- Division of Marine Bioresources, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato-cho 3-1-1, Hakodate 041-8611, Hokkaido, Japan E-mail:
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A Comparative Study between Bimetallic Iron@copper Nanoparticles with Iron and Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized Using a Bioflocculant: Their Applications and Biosafety. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8091125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology addresses numerous environmental problems such as wastewater treatment. Ground water, surface water and wastewater that is contaminated by toxic organic, inorganic solutes and pathogenic microorganisms can now be treated through the application of nanotechnology. The study reports iron@copper (Fe@Cu) nanoparticles, iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) synthesized using a bioflocculant in a green approach technique. Characterization of the as-synthesized materials was achieved using analytical techniques such as Fourier transform-Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The presence of hydroxyl (–OH) and amine (–NH2) groups was shown by FT-IR spectroscopy studies and the as-synthesized material was shown to be thermostable. Elements such as oxygen, carbon, iron and copper were found to be abundant in Wt%. Absorption peaks were found between 200 and 390 nm wavelength and diffraction peaks at 2θ –29°, 33° and 35° for FeNPs, CuNPs and Fe@Cu, respectively. In their application, the effect of various parameters on the flocculation activity were evaluated. Both the CuNPs and (Fe@Cu) nanoparticles have shown the best flocculation activity at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL with over 90% activity, while the dosage size with a concentration of 0.4 mg/mL was optimal for FeNPs. The FeNPs were found to be cation dependent, while CuNPs and Fe@Cu nanoparticles flocculate in the absence of a cation and flocculate both in acidic and alkaline pH. All the synthesized nanoparticles are thermostable and maintain flocculation activity above 80% at 100 °C. Both the Fe@Cu and CuNPs were found to be effective in removing dyes with the removal efficiency above 89% and were found to be effective in removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in Mzingazi river water and coal mine wastewater with over 80% removal efficiency. Moreover, the synthesized nanoparticles showed some remarkable antimicrobial properties when evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The as-synthesized material was found to be safe to use at low concentration when verified against human embryonic cells (HEK293) and breast cancer cells (MCF7) and biodegradable.
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Liu S, Pu Y, Yang R, Liu X, Wang P, Wang X, Ren Y, Tan X, Ye Z, Chi B. Boron-assisted dual-crosslinked poly (γ-glutamic acid) hydrogels with high toughness for cartilage regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:158-168. [PMID: 32114174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) encapsulated with bionic scaffolds have been widely used in treating trauma induced cartilage defects, challenges still persist for these hydrogel scaffolds to create suitable shelters for the MSCs and guide their behaviors. In this work, novel biomimetic hydrogel scaffolds were prepared by thiol-ene Michael addition between glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)-modified poly (γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA-GMA) and DL-1,4-Dithiothreitol (DTT) for cartilage tissue engineering. Sodium tetraborate decahydrate was added into the system to connect with DTT through hydrogen-bond interaction and served as catalyst for thiol-ene Michael addition to strengthen the intensity of the hydrogel. The hydrogels could be compressed to nearly a 90% strain, with 0.95 MPa compression stresses which was better than that of most hydrogels in mechanical property. Additionally, this hydrogel has other properties: fast and controlled gel-forming speed, adjustable swelling ration, suitable interior structure and so on. Above all, hydrogels have excellent cyto/tissue-compatibility. Cells cultured in hydrogels in vitro exhibited good proliferation and adhesion abilities and the hydrogels scaffolds contained stem cells immensely accelerated the regeneration of auricular cartilage of rabbits in vivo versus control group. The overall results approved that this bionic hydrogel may be a promising biomaterial for cartilage regeneration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yajie Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Rong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Penghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yanhan Ren
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Xiaoyan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zhiwen Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Bo Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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Exploration of an Extracellular Polymeric Substance from Earthworm Gut Bacterium (Bacillus licheniformis) for Bioflocculation and Heavy Metal Removal Potential. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10010349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study shows the potential of an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) produced by Bacillus licheniformis strain KX657843 isolated from earthworm (Metaphire posthuma) gut in the sorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) and in flocculation. After harvesting bacterial cells from sucrose supplemented denitrifying culture medium, the EPS was extracted following ethanolic extraction method. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of EPS revealed its functional groups, electronegative constituents, unsaturated carbon, and carbonyl groups. The negatively charged functional groups of carbohydrates and protein moiety of the EPS endowed it with heavy metal binding capacity through electrostatic interactions. The highest flocculation activity (83%) of EPS was observed at 4 mg L−1 and pH 11. The metal sorption by EPS increased with increasing pH. At pH 8, the EPS was able to remove 86 and 81% Cu(II) and Zn(II), respectively, from a 25 mg L−1 metal solution. 94.8% of both the metals at 25 mg L−1 metal solutions were removed by EPS at EPS concentration of 100 mg L−1. From Langmuir isotherm model, the maximum sorption capacities of EPS were calculated to be 58.82 mg g−1 for Cu(II) and 52.45 mg g−1 for Zn(II). The bacterial EPS showed encouraging flocculating and metal sorption properties. The potential to remove Cu(II) and Zn(II) implies that the EPS obtained from the earthworm gut bacteria can be used as an effective agent for environmental remediation of heavy metals and in bioflocculation.
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Engineering a newly isolated Bacillus licheniformis strain for the production of (2R,3R)-butanediol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 47:97-108. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Several microorganisms can produce 2,3-butanediol (BDO), an industrially promising chemical. In this study, a Bacillus licheniformis named as 4071, was isolated from soil sample. It is a GRAS (generally recognized as safe) strain and could over-produce 2,3-BDO. Due to its mucoid forming characteristics, UV-random mutagenesis was carried out to obtain a mucoid-free strain, 4071-15. As a result, capabilities of 4071-15 strain in terms of transformation efficiency of bacillus plasmids (pC194, pUB110, and pUCB129) and fermentation performance were highly upgraded compared to those of the parent strain. In particular, 4071-15 strain could produce 123 g/L of 2,3-BDO in a fed-batch fermentation in which the ratio of (2R,3S)- to (2R,3R)-form isomers was 1:1. To increase the selectivity of (2R,3R)-BDO, budC gene was deleted by using temperature-sensitive gene deletion process via homologous recombination. The 4071-15 △budC mutant strain dramatically increased selectivity of (2R,3R)-BDO to 91% [96.3 g/L of (2R,3R)-BDO and 9.33 g/L of (2R,3S)-BDO], which was 43% higher than that obtained by the parent strain. This study has shown the potential of an isolate for 2,3-BDO production, and that the ratio of 2,3-BDO can be controlled by genetic engineering depending on its industrial usage.
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18
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Scheel RA, Fusi AD, Min BC, Thomas CM, Ramarao BV, Nomura CT. Increased Production of the Value-Added Biopolymers Poly( R-3-Hydroxyalkanoate) and Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) From Hydrolyzed Paper Recycling Waste Fines. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:409. [PMID: 31921814 PMCID: PMC6930151 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reject fines, a waste stream of short lignocellulosic fibers produced from paper linerboard recycling, are a cellulose-rich paper mill byproduct that can be hydrolyzed enzymatically into fermentable sugars. In this study, the use of hydrolyzed reject fines as a carbon source for bacterial biosynthesis of poly(R-3-hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) and poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) was investigated. Recombinant Escherichia coli harboring PHA biosynthesis genes were cultivated with purified sugars or crude hydrolysate to produce both poly(R-3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) homopolymer and medium chain length-containing copolymer (PHB-co-MCL). Wild-type Bacillus licheniformis WX-02 were cultivated with crude hydrolysate to produce PGA. Both PHB and short chain-length-co-medium chain-length (SCL-co-MCL) PHA yields from crude hydrolysate were a 2-fold improvement over purified sugars, and the MCL monomer fraction was decreased slightly in copolymers produced from crude hydrolysate. PGA yield from crude hydrolysate was similarly increased 2-fold. The results suggest that sugars from hydrolyzed reject fines are a viable carbon source for PHA and PGA biosynthesis. The use of crude hydrolysate is not only possible but beneficial for biopolymer production, eliminating the need for costly separation and purification techniques. This study demonstrates the potential to divert a lignocellulosic waste stream into valuable biomaterials, mitigating the environmental impacts of solid waste disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Scheel
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Alexander D Fusi
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Byeong C Min
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Christopher M Thomas
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Bandaru V Ramarao
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Christopher T Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, United States.,Center for Applied Microbiology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, United States
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19
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Poly-(γ-glutamic acid) Production and Optimization from Agro-Industrial Bioresources as Renewable Substrates by Bacillus sp. FBL-2 through Response Surface Methodology. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120754. [PMID: 31756993 PMCID: PMC6995579 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We optimized culture conditions using Bacillus sp. FBL-2 as a poly-(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) producing strain isolated from cheonggukjang. All experiments were performed under aerobic conditions using a laboratory scale 2.5 L fermentor. We investigated the effects of fermentation parameters (temperature, pH, agitation, and aeration) and medium components (glutamic acid, citric acid, and yeast extract) on poly-(γ-glutamic acid) production, viscosity, and dry cell mass. A non-optimized fermentation method (1.5 vvm, 350 rpm, and 37 °C) yielded PGA, viscosity, and dry cell mass at levels of 100.7 g/L, 483.2 cP, and 3.4 g/L, respectively. L-glutamic acid, citric acid, and yeast extract supplementation enhanced poly-(γ-glutamic acid) production to 175.9 g/L. Additionally, the production of poly-(γ-glutamic acid) from rice bran and wheat bran was assessed using response surface methodology (central composite rotatable design). Agricultural byproducts (rice bran and wheat bran) and H2SO4 were selected as factors, and experiments were performed by combining various component concentrations to determine optimal component concentrations. Our experimentally-derived optimal parameters included 38.6 g/L of rice bran, 0.42% of H2SO4, 28.0 g/L of wheat bran, and 0.32% of H2SO4. Under optimum conditions, rice bran medium facilitated poly-(γ-glutamic acid) production of up to 22.64 g/L, and the use of wheat bran medium yielded up to 14.6 g/L. Based on a validity test using the optimized culture conditions, poly-(γ-glutamic acid) was produced at 47.6 g/L and 36.4 g/L from these respective mediums, and both results were higher than statistically predicted. This study suggests that rice bran can be used as a potential alternative substrate for poly-(γ-glutamic acid) production.
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20
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Campos V, Domingos JMF, Anjos DND, Lira VS. Study of fluvial water treatability using γ-polyglutamic acid based biopolymer coagulant. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019; 91:e20190051. [PMID: 31482995 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920190051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful treatment of surface water for public use requires the evaluation of raw water and coagulant efficacy. The purpose of water treatment is to remove impurities, allowing its quality to be classified to meet the needs of the population. The conditions of urban rivers that flow though the city of São Paulo, which were already undergoing major transformations, particularly due to intense urbanization, have deteriorated further due to the precariousness of basic sanitation and increasing environmental pollution.This study focused on an analysis of the efficiency of PGα21Ca, a water purification product, in the treatment of Pinheiros River water, based on coagulation-flocculation and sedimentation tests. The biopolymer PGα21Ca reduced in the order of 100% the total phosphorus. The best sedimentation velocity for the coagulant under study was 1 cm min-1. The PGα21Ca performed well in the removal of turbidity and apparent color, with residual turbidity of 1.84 NTU, 96.95% removal of apparent color, and little change in the pH of the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valquíria Campos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"/UNESP, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Sorocaba/ICTS, Avenida Três de Março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Janaína M F Domingos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"/UNESP, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Sorocaba/ICTS, Avenida Três de Março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego N Dos Anjos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"/UNESP, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Sorocaba/ICTS, Avenida Três de Março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Vivian S Lira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"/UNESP, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Sorocaba/ICTS, Avenida Três de Março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
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21
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Bisht V, Lal B. Exploration of Performance Kinetics and Mechanism of Action of a Potential Novel Bioflocculant BF-VB2 on Clay and Dye Wastewater Flocculation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1288. [PMID: 31231353 PMCID: PMC6568053 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores production of an efficient bioflocculant; BF-VB2, by strain Bacillus sp. TERI VB2 and proposes its potential application in wastewater treatment. One milligram of BF-VB2 can effectively flocculate 1980.0 mg ± 5.0 mg of kaolin particles leading to 99.0% ± 0.5% enhancement in flocculation activity and 99.6% ± 1.0% reduction in turbidity; in less time. BF-VB2 when applied for treatment of textile dyeing industrial wastewater revealed reduction in dye color (82.78% ± 3.03%), COD (92.54% ± 0.24%), TSS (73.59% ± 0.71%), and chloride ions (81.90% ± 0.716%). The best-fit kinetic model (for both COD removal, and dye decolorization) was pseudo-first order with regression coefficient of 0.98 and 0.95, and rate constant of 4.33 × 10-2 and 1.83 × 102, respectively. Bridging due to presence of surface charges have been proposed as flocculation mechanism. From results obtained during test-tube studies, flocculation in larger volumes (0.01–5.0 L) was also performed to intend taking up BF-VB2 for in situ industrial wastewater treatment. This eco-friendly polysaccharide bioflocculant had longer shelf-life, stability to pH and temperature, cation-independence, and emerged to be more efficient than other flocculants assessed. This study proposed BF-VB2 as a potential natural flocculant candidate for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Bisht
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, India.,Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Center, New Delhi, India
| | - Banwari Lal
- Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Center, New Delhi, India
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22
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Li Y, Zhang Z, Duan Y, Wang H. The effect of recycling culture medium after harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris biomass by flocculating bacteria on microalgal growth and the functionary mechanism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 280:188-198. [PMID: 30771574 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal cultivation and harvesting are two main factors that restrict the development of microalgae. To help solve these two questions, flocculating bacteria and recycling culture medium were investigated in this study. Proteins in bacterial cells of Bacillus sp. y3 and y6 exhibited direct flocculation activities on Chlorella vulgaris cells. The recycling culture media after harvest of microalgal biomass by strain y3 and y6 could promote C. vulgaris growth. The determination of bacterial community confirmed that strain Bw in C. vulgaris phycosphere was the bacterial species that played the major promotion effect on microalgal growth. The functionary mechanism of strain y3 and y6 on microalgal growth was determined that they can influence C. vulgaris growth by changing the concentration of strain Bw to regulate algal ROS and antioxidant system response. The present study can provide effective research ideas and the application potential for the cultivation and harvesting of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yingxing Duan
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hailei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
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23
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Yang Z, Liu S, Zhang W, Wen Q, Guo Y. Enhancement of coal waste slurry flocculation by CTAB combined with bioflocculant produced by Azotobacter chroococcum. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Interaction of poly(acrylic acid) and aluminum oxide particles in suspension: Particle size effect. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Zhao F, Guo C, Cui Q, Hao Q, Xiu J, Han S, Zhang Y. Exopolysaccharide production by an indigenous isolate Pseudomonas stutzeri XP1 and its application potential in enhanced oil recovery. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 199:375-381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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Abu Tawila ZM, Ismail S, Dadrasnia A, Usman MM. Production and Characterization of a Bioflocculant Produced by Bacillus salmalaya 139SI-7 and Its Applications in Wastewater Treatment. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102689. [PMID: 30340415 PMCID: PMC6222882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The production, optimization, and characterization of the bioflocculant QZ-7 synthesized by a novel Bacillus salmalaya strain 139SI isolated from a private farm soil in Selangor, Malaysia, are reported. The flocculating activity of bioflocculant QZ-7 present in the selected strain was found to be 83.3%. The optimal culture for flocculant production was achieved after cultivation at 35.5 °C for 72 h at pH 7 ± 0.2, with an inoculum size of 5% (v/v) and sucrose and yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen sources. The maximum flocculating activity was found to be 92.6%. Chemical analysis revealed that the pure bioflocculant consisted of 79.08% carbohydrates and 15.4% proteins. The average molecular weight of the bioflocculant was calculated to be 5.13 × 10⁵ Da. Infrared spectrometric analysis showed the presence of carboxyl (COO-), hydroxyl (-OH), and amino (-NH₂) groups, polysaccharides and proteins. The bioflocculant QZ-7 exhibited a wide pH stability range from 4 to 7, with a flocculation activity of 85% at pH 7 ± 0.2. In addition, QZ-7 was thermally stable and retained more than 80% of its flocculating activity after being heated at 80 °C for 30 min. SEM analysis revealed that QZ-7 exhibited a clear crystalline brick-shaped structure. After treating wastewater, the bioflocculant QZ-7 showed significant flocculation performance with a COD removal efficiency of 93%, whereas a BOD removal efficiency of 92.4% was observed in the B. salmalaya strain 139SI. These values indicate the promising applications of the bioflocculant QZ-7 in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zayed M Abu Tawila
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Gaza, Palestine.
| | - Salmah Ismail
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Arezoo Dadrasnia
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammed Maikudi Usman
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Khalil IR, Khechara MP, Kurusamy S, Armesilla AL, Gupta A, Mendrek B, Khalaf T, Scandola M, Focarete ML, Kowalczuk M, Radecka I. Poly-Gamma-Glutamic Acid (γ-PGA)-Based Encapsulation of Adenovirus to Evade Neutralizing Antibodies. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102565. [PMID: 30297641 PMCID: PMC6222443 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in oncolytic adenoviral vectors as an alternative anticancer therapy. The induction of an immune response can be considered as a major limitation of this kind of application. Significant research efforts have been focused on the development of biodegradable polymer poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA)-based nanoparticles used as a vector for effective and safe anticancer therapy, owing to their controlled and sustained-release properties, low toxicity, as well as biocompatibility with tissue and cells. This study aimed to introduce a specific destructive and antibody blind polymer-coated viral vector into cancer cells using γ-PGA and chitosan (CH). Adenovirus was successfully encapsulated into the biopolymer particles with an encapsulation efficiency of 92% and particle size of 485 nm using the ionic gelation method. Therapeutic agents or nanoparticles (NPs) that carry therapeutics can be directed specifically to cancerous cells by decorating their surfaces using targeting ligands. Moreover, in vitro neutralizing antibody response against viral capsid proteins can be somewhat reduced by encapsulating adenovirus into γ-PGA-CH NPs, as only 3.1% of the encapsulated adenovirus was detected by anti-adenovirus antibodies in the presented work compared to naked adenoviruses. The results obtained and the unique characteristics of the polymer established in this research could provide a reference for the coating and controlled release of viral vectors used in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim R Khalil
- Wolverhampton School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit PO Box 42, Iraq.
| | - Martin P Khechara
- Wolverhampton School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Sathishkumar Kurusamy
- Wolverhampton School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Angel L Armesilla
- Wolverhampton School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Wolverhampton School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Barbara Mendrek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Tamara Khalaf
- Wolverhampton School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Mariastella Scandola
- Department of Chemistry 'G. Ciamician' and National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM, Bologna RU), Alma Mater Studiorum⁻Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Letizia Focarete
- Department of Chemistry 'G. Ciamician' and National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM, Bologna RU), Alma Mater Studiorum⁻Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marek Kowalczuk
- Wolverhampton School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Iza Radecka
- Wolverhampton School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
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Purification of extra cellular poly-γ-glutamic acid as an antibacterial agent using anion exchange chromatography. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:142-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chen J, Eraghi Kazzaz A, AlipoorMazandarani N, Hosseinpour Feizi Z, Fatehi P. Production of Flocculants, Adsorbents, and Dispersants from Lignin. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040868. [PMID: 29642602 PMCID: PMC6017259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, lignin is mainly produced in pulping processes, but it is considered as an under-utilized chemical since it is being mainly used as a fuel source. Lignin contains many hydroxyl groups that can participate in chemical reactions to produce value-added products. Flocculants, adsorbents, and dispersants have a wide range of applications in industry, but they are mainly oil-based chemicals and expensive. This paper reviews the pathways to produce water soluble lignin-based flocculants, adsorbents, and dispersants. It provides information on the recent progress in the possible use of these lignin-based flocculants, adsorbents, and dispersants. It also critically discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches to produce such products. The challenges present in the production of lignin-based flocculants, adsorbents, and dispersants and possible scenarios to overcome these challenges for commercial use of these products in industry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Armin Eraghi Kazzaz
- Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada.
| | | | - Zahra Hosseinpour Feizi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada.
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
- Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada.
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Nouha K, Kumar RS, Balasubramanian S, Tyagi RD. Critical review of EPS production, synthesis and composition for sludge flocculation. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 66:225-245. [PMID: 29628091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by microorganisms represent biological macromolecules with unfathomable potentials and they are required to be explored further for their potential application as a bioflocculant in various wastewater sludge treatment. Although several studies already exist on biosynthetic pathways of different classical biopolymers like alginate and xanthan, no dedicated studies are available for EPS in sludge. This review highlights the EPS composition, functionality, and biodegradability for its potential use as a carbon source for production of other metabolites. Furthermore, the effect of various extraction methods (physical and chemical) on compositional, structural, physical and functional properties of microbial EPS has been addressed. The vital knowledge of the effect of extraction method on various important attributes of EPS can help to choose the suitable extraction method depending upon the intended use of EPS. The possible use of different molecular biological techniques for enhanced production of desired EPS was summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klai Nouha
- Université du Québec, Institut national de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre & Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Ram Saurabh Kumar
- Université du Québec, Institut national de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre & Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | | | - Rajeshwar Dayal Tyagi
- Université du Québec, Institut national de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre & Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
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Lee JM, Kim JH, Kim KW, Lee BJ, Kim DG, Kim YO, Lee JH, Kong IS. Physicochemical properties, production, and biological functionality of poly-γ-d-glutamic acid with constant molecular weight from halotolerant Bacillus sp. SJ-10. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:598-607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Microbial production of poly-γ-glutamic acid. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:173. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Production, characterization and structural modification of exopolysaccharide-based bioflocculant by Rhizobium radiobacter SZ4S7S14 and media optimization. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:179. [PMID: 28664366 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of the exopolysaccharide-based bioflocculant Rhizobium radiobacter SZ4S7S14 was researched and medium optimized for enhanced production of bioflocculant. D-Mannose and yeast extract were found to be best carbon and nitrogen sources for maximal yield of bioflocculant. The bioflocculant samples obtained in different media with different carbon and nitrogen sources were further analyzed by SEM-EDX and FT-IR. FT-IR spectroscopy of the bioflocculant samples, obtained in different carbon/nitrogen sources showed slight modification of the structures of biopolymers. SEM micrographs revealed that exopolysaccharide-based bioflocculant of R. radiobacter SZ4S7S14 looks like bricks, and chemical structure of it can be varied due to utilized carbon and nitrogen source.
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Ntsangani N, Okaiyeto K, Uchechukwu NU, Olaniran AO, Mabinya LV, Okoh AI. Bioflocculation potentials of a uronic acid-containing glycoprotein produced by Bacillus sp. AEMREG4 isolated from Tyhume River, South Africa. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:78. [PMID: 28500400 PMCID: PMC5429313 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioflocculants are secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms during their growth which have received attentions due to their biodegradability, innocuousness and lack of secondary pollution from degradation intermediates. This study reports on a bioflocculant produced by Bacillus specie isolated from Thyume River in South Africa. The bacterial isolate was identified through 16S rDNA sequencing and the BLAST analysis of the nucleotide sequences revealed 99% similarity to Bacillus sp. BCT-7112. The sequence was subsequently deposited in the GenBank as Bacillus sp. AEMREG4 with accession number KP406729. The optimum culture conditions for bioflocculant production were an inoculum size 4% (v/v) (80%) and starch (81%) as well as yeast extract (82%) as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Addition of Ca2+ greatly enhanced the flocculating activity (76%) of crude bioflocculant over a wide range of pH 4–10 and retained high flocculating activity when heated at 100 °C for 1 h. Chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed carbohydrate (79% w/w) as a predominant component followed by uronic acid (15% w/w) and protein (5% w/w). Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and methoxyl groups as the functional groups responsible for flocculation and the high flocculation activity achieved portends its industrial applicability.
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35
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Czemierska M, Szcześ A, Hołysz L, Wiater A, Jarosz-Wilkołazka A. Characterisation of exopolymer R-202 isolated from Rhodococcus rhodochrous and its flocculating properties. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Yu W, Chen Z, Ye H, Liu P, Li Z, Wang Y, Li Q, Yan S, Zhong CJ, He N. Effect of glucose on poly-γ-glutamic acid metabolism in Bacillus licheniformis. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:22. [PMID: 28178965 PMCID: PMC5299652 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a promising macromolecule with potential as a replacement for chemosynthetic polymers. γ-PGA can be produced by many microorganisms, including Bacillus species. Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC2876 secretes γ-PGA when using glycerol and trisodium citrate as its optimal carbon sources and secretes polysaccharides when using glucose as the sole carbon source. To better understand the metabolic mechanism underlying the secretion of polymeric substances, SWATH was applied to investigate the effect of glucose on the production of polysaccharides and γ-PGA at the proteome level. Results The addition of glucose at 5 or 10 g/L of glucose decreased the γ-PGA concentration by 31.54 or 61.62%, respectively, whereas the polysaccharide concentration increased from 5.2 to 43.47%. Several proteins playing related roles in γ-PGA and polysaccharide synthesis were identified using the SWATH acquisition LC–MS/MS method. CcpA and CcpN co-enhanced glycolysis and suppressed carbon flux into the TCA cycle, consequently slowing glutamic acid synthesis. On the other hand, CcpN cut off the carbon flux from glycerol metabolism and further reduced γ-PGA production. CcpA activated a series of operons (glm and epsA-O) to reallocate the carbon flux to polysaccharide synthesis when glucose was present. The production of γ-PGA was influenced by NrgB, which converted the major nitrogen metabolic flux between NH4+ and glutamate. Conclusion The mechanism by which B. licheniformis regulates two macromolecules was proposed for the first time in this paper. This genetic information will facilitate the engineering of bacteria for practicable strategies for the fermentation of γ-PGA and polysaccharides for diverse applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0642-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Peize Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanpeng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Yan
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Chuan-Jian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Ning He
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China. .,The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
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37
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Khalil IR, Burns ATH, Radecka I, Kowalczuk M, Khalaf T, Adamus G, Johnston B, Khechara MP. Bacterial-Derived Polymer Poly-y-Glutamic Acid (y-PGA)-Based Micro/Nanoparticles as a Delivery System for Antimicrobials and Other Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020313. [PMID: 28157175 PMCID: PMC5343849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA)-based micro/nanoparticles have garnered remarkable attention as antimicrobial agents and for drug delivery, owing to their controlled and sustained-release properties, low toxicity, as well as biocompatibility with tissue and cells. γ-PGA is a naturally occurring biopolymer produced by several gram-positive bacteria that, due to its biodegradable, non-toxic and non-immunogenic properties, has been used successfully in the medical, food and wastewater industries. Moreover, its carboxylic group on the side chains can offer an attachment point to conjugate antimicrobial and various therapeutic agents, or to chemically modify the solubility of the biopolymer. The unique characteristics of γ-PGA have a promising future for medical and pharmaceutical applications. In the present review, the structure, properties and micro/nanoparticle preparation methods of γ-PGA and its derivatives are covered. Also, we have highlighted the impact of micro/nanoencapsulation or immobilisation of antimicrobial agents and various disease-related drugs on biodegradable γ-PGA micro/nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim R Khalil
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Zabrze 41-819, Poland.
| | - Alan T H Burns
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Iza Radecka
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Marek Kowalczuk
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Zabrze 41-819, Poland.
| | - Tamara Khalaf
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Grazyna Adamus
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Zabrze 41-819, Poland.
| | - Brian Johnston
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Martin P Khechara
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
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38
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Ni(II) removal from aqueous solution by biosorption and flocculation using microbial flocculant GA1. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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39
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Liu T, Yamashita K, Fukumoto Y, Tachibana T, Azuma M. Flocculation of Real Sewage Sludge Using Poly-γ-glutamic Acid Produced by Bacillus sp. Isolated from Soil. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.16we158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Osaka City University
| | - Kyouhei Yamashita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Osaka City University
| | | | - Taro Tachibana
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Osaka City University
| | - Masayuki Azuma
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Osaka City University
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40
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Hameed YT, Idris A, Hussain SA, Abdullah N. A tannin-based agent for coagulation and flocculation of municipal wastewater: Chemical composition, performance assessment compared to Polyaluminum chloride, and application in a pilot plant. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 184:494-503. [PMID: 27789092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemical composition and flocculation efficiency were investigated for a commercially produced tannin - based coagulant and flocculant (Tanfloc). The results of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed what claimed about the chemical composition of Tanfloc. For moderate polluted municipal wastewater investigated in both jar test and pilot plant, Tanfloc showed high turbidity removal efficiency of approximately 90%, while removal efficiencies of BOD5 and COD were around 60%. According to floc size distribution, Tanfloc was able to show distinct performance compared to Polyaluminum chloride (PAC). While 90% of flocs produced by Tanfloc were smaller than 144 micron, they were smaller than 96 micron for PAC. Practically, zeta potential measurement showed the cationic nature of Tanfloc and suggested coincidence of charge neutralization and another flocculation mechanism (bridging or patch flocculation). Sludge Volumetric Index (SVI) measurements were in agreement with the numbers found in the literature, and they were less than 160 mL/g. Calcium cation as flocculation aid showed significant improvement of flocculation efficiency compared to other cations. Finally Tanfloc showed competing performance compared to PAC in terms of turbidity, BOD5 and COD removal, floc size and sludge characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Talib Hameed
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Sri Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Engineering, AL Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Azni Idris
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Sri Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aslina Hussain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Sri Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhafizah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Sri Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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41
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Ahmad Mahmod ME. Immobilization of Bacillus Subtilis Glutaminase on Different Supportis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15406/jnhfe.2016.05.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Gomaa EZ. Cryoprotection of probiotic bacteria with poly-γ-glutamic acid produced by Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2016; 14:269-279. [PMID: 30647625 PMCID: PMC6299871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a naturally occurring biopolymer made up of repeating units of glutamic acid and can be potentially used for multiple applications. This study compared the production of γ-PGA by Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis in GS and E media. The highest γ-PGA production was achieved using initial glycerol concentration of 40 and 80 g/l, ammonium chloride as the nitrogen source, 20 g/l glutamic acid at pH 6.5 for 72 h using E medium. On characterization, it was observed that glutamic acid was the sole component of the purified material. It contained a mixture of Na-γ-PGA and H+-γ-PGA. The survival of probiotics during freeze drying was improved by combining them with γ-PGA polymer. For Lactobacilli, 10% γ-PGA protected the cells significantly than 10% sucrose during freeze drying. γ-PGA protection was shown to improve the viability of probiotic bacteria in orange juice for 40 days. No considerable change was observed in the concentrations of citric acid, malic acid and ascorbic acid when probiotic bacteria and γ-PGA were introduced into orange juice and hence, it could be used as a non-dairy delivery platform for these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Zakaria Gomaa
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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43
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Isolation, Identification, and Optimization of Culture Conditions of a Bioflocculant-Producing Bacterium Bacillus megaterium SP1 and Its Application in Aquaculture Wastewater Treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2758168. [PMID: 27840823 PMCID: PMC5093298 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2758168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bioflocculant-producing bacterium, Bacillus megaterium SP1, was isolated from biofloc in pond water and identified by using both 16S rDNA sequencing analysis and a Biolog GEN III MicroStation System. The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources for Bacillus megaterium SP1 were 20 g L−1 of glucose and 0.5 g L−1 of beef extract at 30°C and pH 7. The bioflocculant produced by strain SP1 under optimal culture conditions was applied into aquaculture wastewater treatment. The removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), and suspended solids (SS) in aquaculture wastewater reached 64, 63.61, and 83.8%, respectively. The volume of biofloc (FV) increased from 4.93 to 25.97 mL L−1. The addition of Bacillus megaterium SP1 in aquaculture wastewater could effectively improve aquaculture water quality, promote the formation of biofloc, and then form an efficient and healthy aquaculture model based on biofloc technology.
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44
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Wang YJ, Wu CD, Duan Y, Zhang ZL. Removal of pollutants by enhanced coagulation combined PAC with variable charge soils: flocs' properties and effect of pH. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2016; 37:2273-2280. [PMID: 26829123 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1147611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the properties of flocs and effects of the solution pH on removal of representative pollutants by enhanced coagulation with variable charge soils of South China and polyaluminum chloride (PAC). The results demonstrated that the removal efficiency of turbidity was larger and the aggregated flocs had a faster growth rate, bigger size, denser structure and faster settling rate than those generated by PAC alone, when variable charge soil was used in conjunction with PAC. Additionally, initial solutions pH had meaningful effects on removal of pollutants. With the increase in the pH of the solution, the removal efficiencies of turbidity, algae and heavy metal ions significantly increased. Besides, charge neutralization together with physical entrapment of colloids was the dominant mechanism in enhanced coagulation, and variable charge soil displayed a great adsorption effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Wang
- a School of Environment and Energy , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-De Wu
- a School of Environment and Energy , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
- b The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Duan
- a School of Environment and Energy , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Lin Zhang
- a School of Environment and Energy , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
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45
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Yang JM, Yang JH, Tsou SC, Ding CH, Hsu CC, Yang KC, Yang CC, Chen KS, Chen SW, Wang JS. Cell proliferation on PVA/sodium alginate and PVA/poly(γ-glutamic acid) electrospun fiber. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 66:170-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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46
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Czemierska M, Szcześ A, Pawlik A, Wiater A, Jarosz-Wilkołazka A. Production and characterisation of exopolymer from Rhodococcus opacus. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Rasulov BA, Pattaeva MA, Yili A, Aisa HA. Polysaccharide-based bioflocculant template of a diazotrophic Bradyrhizobium japonicum 36 for controlled assembly of AgCl nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 89:682-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Rasulov BA, Rozi P, Pattaeva MA, Yili A, Aisa HA. Exopolysaccharide-Based Bioflocculant Matrix of Azotobacter chroococcum XU1 for Synthesis of AgCl Nanoparticles and Its Application as a Novel Biocidal Nanobiomaterial. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9070528. [PMID: 28773650 PMCID: PMC5456945 DOI: 10.3390/ma9070528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple and green method was developed for the biosynthesis of AgCl nanoparticles, free from Ag nanoparticles, using the exopolysaccharide-based bioflocculant of nitrogen fixing Azotobacter chroococcum XU1 strain. AgCl nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) and Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The concentration-dependent and controllable method for the synthesis of AgCl nanoparticles of a certain size and morphology was developed. As-synthesized AgCl nanoparticles were characterized bya high content of AgCl and exhibited strong antimicrobial activity towards pathogenic microorganisms such as E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. The biofabricated AgCl nanoparticles can be exploited as a promising new biocidalbionanocomposite against pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakhtiyor A Rasulov
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Yukori Yuz, Kybray District 111226, Uzbekistan.
| | - Parhat Rozi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Region, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Chemistry and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Mohichehra A Pattaeva
- Institute of Microbiology, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent 100128, Uzbekistan.
| | - Abulimiti Yili
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Region, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Chemistry and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Region, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Chemistry and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
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Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus subtilis subsp. natto Strain CGMCC 2108, a High Producer of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/3/e00426-16. [PMID: 27231363 PMCID: PMC4882944 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00426-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the 4.1-Mb draft genome sequence of Bacillus subtilis subsp. natto strain CGMCC 2108, a high producer of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA). This sequence will provide further help for the biosynthesis of γ-PGA and will greatly facilitate research efforts in metabolic engineering of B. subtilis subsp. natto strain CGMCC 2108.
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Gao C, Ito S, Obata A, Mizuno T, Jones JR, Kasuga T. Fabrication and in vitro characterization of electrospun poly (γ-glutamic acid)-silica hybrid scaffolds for bone regeneration. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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