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Bahniuk MS, Alidina F, Tan X, Unsworth LD. The last 25 years of research on bioflocculants for kaolin flocculation with recent trends and technical challenges for the future. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1048755. [PMID: 36507274 PMCID: PMC9731118 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1048755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of kaolin-containing wastewater is an inevitable consequence in a number of industries including mining, wastewater treatment, and bitumen processing. In some cases, the production of kaolin tailings waste during the production of bitumen or phosphate is as high as 3 times greater than the actual produced product. The existing inventory of nearly five billion barrels of oil sands tailings alone represents a massive storage and reclamation challenge, as well as a significant economic and environmental liability. Current reclamation options like inorganic coagulants and organic synthetic polymers may settle kaolin effectively, but may themselves pose an additional environmental hazard. Bioflocculants are an emerging alternative, given the inherent safety and biodegradability of their bio-based compositions. This review summarizes the different research attempts towards a better bioflocculant of kaolin, with a focus on the bioflocculant source, composition, and effective flocculating conditions. Bacillus bacteria were the most prevalent single species for bioflocculant production, with wastewater also hosting a large number of bioflocculant-producing microorganisms while serving as an inexpensive nutrient. Effective kaolin flocculation could be obtained over a broad range of pH values (1-12) and temperatures (5-95°C). Uronic acid and glutamic acid were predominant sugars and amino acids, respectively, in a number of effective bioflocculants, potentially due to their structural and charge similarities to effective synthetic polymers like polyacrylamide. Overall, these results demonstrate that bioflocculants can be produced from a wide range of microorganisms, can be composed of polysaccharides, protein or glycoproteins and can serve as effective treatment options for kaolin. In some cases, the next obstacle to their wide-spread application is scaling to industrially relevant volumes and their deployment strategies.
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Evaluation of flocculation performance of polysaccharide-protamine complex flocculant by flocculation model. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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de Carvalho Góes MC, Garcez MPR, Siqueira ARF, Farias TP, de Santana CG, de Jesus Gomes da Costa Neto J, Bezerra CWB. Pectin and SDS as auxiliary flocculants for complementary treatment of textile wastewater by electrocoagulation. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Grafting modification of okra mucilage: Recent findings, applications, and future directions. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Maćczak P, Kaczmarek H, Ziegler-Borowska M. Recent Achievements in Polymer Bio-Based Flocculants for Water Treatment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3951. [PMID: 32906667 PMCID: PMC7559979 DOI: 10.3390/ma13183951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymer flocculants are used to promote solid-liquid separation processes in potable water and wastewater treatment. Recently, bio-based flocculants have received a lot of attention due to their superior advantages over conventional synthetic polymers or inorganic agents. Among natural polymers, polysaccharides show many benefits such as biodegradability, non-toxicity, ability to undergo different chemical modifications, and wide accessibility from renewable sources. The following article provides an overview of bio-based flocculants and their potential application in water treatment, which may be an indication to look for safer alternatives compared to synthetic polymers. Based on the recent literature, a new approach in searching for biopolymer flocculants sources, flocculation mechanisms, test methods, and factors affecting this process are presented. Particular attention is paid to flocculants based on starch, cellulose, chitosan, and their derivatives because they are low-cost and ecological materials, accepted in industrial practice. New trends in water treatment technology, including biosynthetic polymers, nanobioflocculants, and stimulant-responsive flocculants are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Maćczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (P.M.); (M.Z.-B.)
- Water Supply and Sewage Enterprise LLC, Przemysłowa 4, 99-300 Kutno, Poland
| | - Halina Kaczmarek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (P.M.); (M.Z.-B.)
| | - Marta Ziegler-Borowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (P.M.); (M.Z.-B.)
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Mao Y, Millett R, Lee CS, Yakubov G, Harding SE, Binner E. Investigating the influence of pectin content and structure on its functionality in bio-flocculant extracted from okra. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 241:116414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang M, Gu Q, Luo Y, Bukhvalov D, Ma X, Zhu L, Li G, Luo Z. Understanding Mechanism of Adsorption in the Decolorization of Aqueous Methyl Violet (6B) Solution by Okra Polysaccharides: Experiment and Theory. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:17880-17889. [PMID: 31681897 PMCID: PMC6822221 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Chinese okra were found using response surface methodology. The okra polysaccharide (OPS) was used for the adsorption of methyl violet 6B (MV). Conditions for maximal adsorption efficiency of MV were established. The mechanism of MV adsorption was investigated by the characterization and physicochemical analysis of OPS before and after the adsorption of MV. Both infrared (IR) analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation suggest that MV adsorption by OPS was an electrostatic interaction between MV and oxygen-containing groups of OPS. Further, the results of first-principles calculation were in agreement with IR spectroscopy measurements and MD simulation, which were all consistent with the suggested adsorption mechanism. Optimization of okra extraction conditions, maximized efficiency of MV adsorption by OPS, and the understanding of the adsorption mechanism are the highlights of this work, providing a reference for promising applications of OPS in the treatment of wastewater in textile, paper, and other industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdan Wang
- College of Science and Institute of Polymer Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Qun Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Edinboro University of Pennsylvania, Edinboro, Pennsylvania 16444, United States
| | - Yanlong Luo
- College of Science and Institute of Polymer Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
- E-mail:
| | - Danil Bukhvalov
- College of Science and Institute of Polymer Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- College of Science and Institute of Polymer Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- College of Science and Institute of Polymer Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Gefei Li
- State Key
Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyang Luo
- College of Science and Institute of Polymer Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
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Lai H, Fang H, Huang L, He G, Reible D. A review on sediment bioflocculation: Dynamics, influencing factors and modeling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 642:1184-1200. [PMID: 30045500 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sediment in a water column provides excellent substratum for microorganism colonization, and biological processes would alter the physical and chemical of sediment, resulting in substantial changes in sediment dynamics. The flocculation of sediment with biological processes are defined as sediment bioflocculation, which has been ubiquitously observed across aquatic ecosystems, activated sludge plants and bioflocculant applications, as a result of various processes involving particle aggregation and breakage under the complex effects of microorganisms and their metabolic products (e.g., extracellular polymeric substances EPS). EPS are complex high-molecular-weight mixtures of polymers, which are the primary components that hold microbial aggregates together by acting as a biological glue. Several mechanistic aggregation theories such as the alginate theory, adsorption bridging theory, divalent cation bridging theory, and Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory, and a number of influencing factors (e.g., sediment properties, microbial activity, EPS quantities and components, and external environment conditions) have been proposed to elucidate the role of microorganisms and EPS in sediment aggregation, promoting the investigation of the sediment bioflocculation evolution and kinetics models. However, due to the complex interrelationships of multiple physical, chemical, and biological processes and the incomprehensive knowledge of microorganisms and EPS, considerable research should be further conducted to fully understand their precise roles in the sediment bioflocculation process. In this study, a review of dynamic characterizations, mechanism, influencing factors and models of sediment bioflocculation are given to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of sediment bioflocculation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-Science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongwei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-Science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-Science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guojian He
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-Science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Danny Reible
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1023, USA
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Kebaili M, Djellali S, Radjai M, Drouiche N, Lounici H. Valorization of orange industry residues to form a natural coagulant and adsorbent. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Moriwaki H, Masuda R, Yamazaki Y, Horiuchi K, Miyashita M, Kasahara J, Tanaka T, Yamamoto H. Application of Freeze-Dried Powders of Genetically Engineered Microbial Strains as Adsorbents for Rare Earth Metal Ions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:26524-26531. [PMID: 27657851 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption behaviors of the rare earth metal ions onto freeze-dried powders of genetically engineered microbial strains were compared. Cell powders obtained from four kinds of strains, Bacillus subtilis 168 wild type (WT), lipoteichoic acid-defective (ΔLTA), wall teichoic acid-defective (ΔWTA), and cell wall hydrolases-defective (EFKYOJLp) strains, were used as an adsorbent of the rare earth metal ions at pH 3. The adsorption ability of the rare earth metal ions was in the order of EFKYOJLp > WT > ΔLTA > ΔWTA. The order was the same as the order of the phosphorus quantity of the strains. This result indicates that the main adsorption sites for the ions are the phosphate groups and the teichoic acids, LTA and WTA, that contribute to the adsorption of the rare earth metal ions onto the cell walls. The contribution of WTA was clearly greater than that of LTA. Each microbial powder was added to a solution containing 16 kinds of rare earth metal ions, and the removals (%) of each rare earth metal ion were obtained. The scandium ion showed the highest removal (%), while that of the lanthanum ion was the lowest for all the microbial powders. Differences in the distribution coefficients between the kinds of lanthanide ions by the EFKYOJLp and ΔWTA powders were greater than those of the other strains. Therefore, the EFKYOJLp and ΔWTA powders could be applicable for the selective extraction of the lanthanide ions. The ΔLTA powder coagulated by mixing with a rare earth metal ion, although no sedimentation of the WT or ΔWTA powder with a rare earth metal ion was observed under the same conditions. The EFKYOJLp powder was also coagulated, but its flocculating activity was lower than that of ΔLTA. The ΔLTA and EFKYOJLp powders have a long shape compared to those of the WT or ΔWTA strain. The shapes of the cells will play an important role in the sedimentation of the microbial powders with rare earth metal ions. As the results, three kinds of the genetically engineered microbial powders revealed unique adsorption behaviors of the rare earth metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Moriwaki
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Division of Applied Biology, Shinshu University , 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
- Division of Instrumental Analysis (Ueda Branch), Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University , 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Reiko Masuda
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Division of Applied Biology, Shinshu University , 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamazaki
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Division of Applied Biology, Shinshu University , 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Kaoru Horiuchi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Division of Applied Biology, Shinshu University , 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Mari Miyashita
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Division of Applied Biology, Shinshu University , 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Jun Kasahara
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Division of Applied Biology, Shinshu University , 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Tatsuhito Tanaka
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Division of Applied Biology, Shinshu University , 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamamoto
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Division of Applied Biology, Shinshu University , 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
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Molecular and ionic-scale chemical mechanisms behind the role of nitrocyl group in the electrochemical removal of heavy metals from sludge. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31828. [PMID: 27550724 PMCID: PMC4994118 DOI: 10.1038/srep31828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical basis for improved removal rates of toxic heavy metals such as Zn and Cu from wastewater secondary sludge has been demonstrated in this study. Instead of using excess corrosive chemicals as the source of free nitrous acid (FNA) for improved solubility of heavy metals in the sludge (in order to enhance electrokinetics), an optimized use of aqua regia has been proposed as an alternative. Fragments of nitrocyl group originated from aqua regia are responsible for the disruption of biogenic mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) and this disruption resulted in enhanced removal of exposed and oxidized metal ions. A diversity of nitric oxide (NO), peroxy nitrous acid, and peroxy nitroso group are expected to be introduced in the mixed liquor by the aqua regia for enhanced electrochemical treatment. The effects of pectin as a post treatment on the Zn removal from sludge were also presented for the first time. Results revealed 63.6% Cu and 93.7% Zn removal efficiencies, as compared to 49% Cu and 74% Zn removal efficiencies reported in a recent study. Also, 93.3% reduction of time-to-filter (TTF), and 95 mL/g of sludge volume index (SVI) were reported. The total operating cost obtained was USD 1.972/wet ton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bonilla T.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry at the University of Toronto; 200 College St. Toronto ON M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - D. Grant Allen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry at the University of Toronto; 200 College St. Toronto ON M5S 3E5 Canada
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Chia S, Chong G. Effect of Drum Drying on Physico-chemical Characteristics of Dragon Fruit Peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2014-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel is high in antioxidants and fiber; however, it is discarded during processing. In this study, changes in physico-chemical properties of dragon fruit peel after drum drying were determined. Ground dragon fruit peel was drum dried at 1 rpm with 2 bar steam pressure, then analyzed for physical, chemical and functional properties. The betacyanin content was twofold higher in drum-dried powder (41.55 mg/g dm) than in a fresh sample (80.21 mg/g dm), yet up to 98.62% of the total phenolic content was retained with a 3.328 mg trolox/g dm reduction in the radical scavenging activity. The density of the powder was 0.1315 g/mL with 51.44% soluble in water. The functional properties determined included water holding capacity (2.523 g water/g sample), oil holding capacity (3.565 g oil/g sample) and swelling capacity (6.233 mL/g). The results of this study indicate that drum-dried dragon fruit peel can be considered to contain potentially functional ingredients.
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Liu J, Tian Y, An X, Li G, Kang Y. Flocculation Performance and Mechanism of Removing Pectin by N-hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride Chitosan. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2014.985315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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More TT, Yadav JSS, Yan S, Tyagi RD, Surampalli RY. Extracellular polymeric substances of bacteria and their potential environmental applications. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014; 144:1-25. [PMID: 24907407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymers are considered a potential alternative to conventional chemical polymers because of their ease of biodegradability, high efficiency, non-toxicity and non-secondary pollution. Recently, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS, biopolymers produced by the microorganisms) have been recognised by many researchers as a potential flocculent for their applications in various water, wastewater and sludge treatment processes. In this context, literature information on EPS is widely dispersed and is very scarce. Thus, this review marginalizes various studies conducted so far about EPS nature-production-recovery, properties, environmental applications and moreover, critically examines future research needs and advanced application prospective of the EPS. One of the most important aspect of chemical composition and structural details of different moieties of EPS in terms of carbohydrates, proteins, extracellular DNA, lipid and surfactants and humic substances are described. These chemical characteristics of EPS in relation to formation and properties of microbial aggregates as well as degradation of EPS in the matrix (biomass, flocs etc) are analyzed. The important engineering properties (based on structural characteristics) such as adsorption, biodegradability, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of EPS matrix are also discussed in details. Different aspects of EPS production process such as bacterial strain maintenance; inoculum and factors affecting EPS production were presented. The important factors affecting EPS production include growth phase, carbon and nitrogen sources and their ratio, role of other nutrients (phosphorus, micronutrients/trace elements, and vitamins), impact of pH, temperature, metals, aerobic versus anaerobic conditions and pure and mixed culture. The production of EPS in high concentration with high productivity is essential due to economic reasons. Therefore, the knowledge about all the aspects of EPS production (listed above) is highly essential to formulate a logical and scientific basis for the research and industrial activities. One of the very important issues in the production/application/biodegradation of EPS is how the EPS is extracted from the matrix or a culture broth. Moreover, EPS matrix available in different forms (crude, loosely bound, tightly bound, slime, capsular and purified) can be used as a bioflocculant material. Several chemical and physical methods for the extraction of EPS (crude form or purified form) from different sources have been analyzed and reported. There is ample information available in the literature about various EPS extraction methods. Flocculability, dewaterability and biosorption ability are the very attractive engineering properties of the EPS matrix. Recent information on important aspects of these properties qualitatively as well as quantitatively has been described. Recent information on the mechanism of flocculation mediated by EPS is presented. Potential role of EPS in sludge dewatering and biosorption phenomenon has been discussed in details. Different factors influencing the EPS ability to flocculate and dewaterability of different suspensions have been included. The factors considered for the discussion are cations, different forms of EPS, concentration of EPS, protein and carbohydrate content of EPS, molecular weight of EPS, pH of the suspension, temperature etc. These factors were selected for the study based upon their role in the flocculation and dewatering mechanism as well the most recent available literature findings on these factors. For example, only recently it has been demonstrated that there is an optimum EPS concentration for sludge flocculation/dewatering. High or low concentration of EPS can lead to destabilization of flocs. Role of EPS in environmental applications such as water treatment, wastewater flocculation and settling, colour removal from wastewater, sludge dewatering, metal removal and recovery, removal of toxic organic compounds, landfill leachate treatment, soil remediation and reclamation has been presented based on the most recent available information. However, data available on environmental application of EPS are very limited. Investigations are required for exploring the potential of field applications of EPS. Finally, the limitations in the knowledge gap are outlined and the research needs as well as future perspectives are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T More
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre & Environnement, Université du Québec, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - J S S Yadav
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre & Environnement, Université du Québec, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - S Yan
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre & Environnement, Université du Québec, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - R D Tyagi
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre & Environnement, Université du Québec, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - R Y Surampalli
- U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box 17-2141, Kansas City, KS 66117, USA
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Combination of Natural and Thermosensitive Polymers in Flocculation of Fine Silica Dispersions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/242684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy for faster and better flocculation in solid-liquid separation processes is reported: the use of the natural polyelectrolyte chitosan (CH2500) in combination with the biocompatible thermosensitive polymer poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL). Silica dispersions (Aerosil OX50) were used as model and evaluated by means of analytical centrifuge, laser diffraction, and turbidimetry studies. Results show that the sedimentation velocity is doubled by addition of PNVCL and that at 45°C the density of the sediment is 33% higher, as compared to the use of CH2500 only. This results from the temperature sensitive behavior of PNVCL that phase-separate expelling water at temperatures higher than its LCST (32–34°C) leading to compaction of the flocs. By using this strategy the sediment is more compact, contains less water, and contains a very small amount of biodegradable CH2500 and biocompatible PNVCL.
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Liimatainen H, Sirviö J, Sundman O, Visanko M, Hormi O, Niinimäki J. Flocculation performance of a cationic biopolymer derived from a cellulosic source in mild aqueous solution. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:9626-9632. [PMID: 21862324 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The flocculation behavior of cationic, quaternary ammonium groups containing cellulosic biopolymers, CDACs, synthesized by cationizing dialdehyde cellulose in mild aqueous solution was studied in a kaolin suspension. In particular, the role of CDAC dosage and solution pH, NaCl concentration, and temperature were clarified. In addition, the initial apparent charge densities (CDs), particle sizes, ζ-potential, and stability of CDs were determined. CDACs possessed a high flocculation activity in neutral and acidic solutions, but a significant decrease was observed in alkaline solutions (pH >9). This was also seen as a decline in the apparent CD and particle size of the CDACs in alkaline conditions. The measurements also indicated that the apparent CD decreased to a constant level of 3 mmol/g in aqueous solutions. However, no notable decrease in flocculation performance was obtained after several days of storage. Moreover, the variation of NaCl concentration and temperature did not affect the flocculation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrikki Liimatainen
- Fiber and Particle Engineering Laboratory, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
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Tang P, Wong C, Woo K. Optimization of Pectin Extraction from Peel of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2011.189.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Fucose-containing exopolysaccharide produced by the newly isolated Enterobacter strain A47 DSM 23139. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Flocculating and suspending properties of commercial citrus pectin and pectin extracted from pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Lee KE, Teng TT, Morad N, Poh BT, Hong YF. Flocculation of kaolin in water using novel calcium chloride-polyacrylamide (CaCl2-PAM) hybrid polymer. Sep Purif Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ho YC, Norli I, Alkarkhi AFM, Morad N. Characterization of biopolymeric flocculant (pectin) and organic synthetic flocculant (PAM): a comparative study on treatment and optimization in kaolin suspension. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:1166-74. [PMID: 19854044 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Revised: 09/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyacrylamide (PAM), a commonly used organic synthetic flocculant, is known to have high reduction in turbidity treatment. However, PAM is not readily degradable. In this paper, pectin as a biopolymeric flocculant is used. The objectives are (i) to determine the characteristics of both flocculants (ii) to optimize the treatment processes of both flocculants in synthetic turbid waste water. The results obtained indicated that pectin has a lower average molecular weight at 1.63 x 10(5) and PAM at 6.00 x 10(7). However, the thermal degradation results showed that the onset temperature for pectin is at 165.58 degrees C, while the highest onset temperature obtained for PAM is at 235.39 degrees C. The optimum treatment conditions for the biopolymeric flocculant for flocculating activity was at pH 3, cation concentration at 0.55 mM, and pectin concentration at 3 mg/L. In contrast, PAM was at pH 4, cation concentration >0.05 mM and PAM concentration between 13 and 30 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Ho
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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Characterization and flocculating properties of a novel bioflocculant produced by Bacillus circulans. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Characterization and flocculating properties of an extracellular biopolymer produced from a Bacillus subtilis DYU1 isolate. Process Biochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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