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Chalán-Gualán S, Castro V, Oropeza R, Suárez M, Albericio F, Rodríguez H. 3,4-Dihydro-2(1H)-Pyridones as Building Blocks of Synthetic Relevance. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165070. [PMID: 36014305 PMCID: PMC9416769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
3,4-Dihydro-2(1H)-pyridones (3,4-DHPo) and their derivatives are privileged structures, which has increased their relevance due to their biological activity in front of a broad range of targets, but especially for their importance as synthetic precursors of a variety of compounds with marked biological activity. Taking into account the large number of contributions published over the years regarding this kind of heterocycle, here, we presented a current view of 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-pyridones (3,4-DHPo). The review includes general aspects such as those related to nomenclature, synthesis, and biological activity, but also highlights the importance of DHPos as building blocks of other relevant structures. Additional to the conventional multicomponent synthesis of the mentioned heterocycle, nonconventional procedures are revised, demonstrating the increasing efficiency and allowing reactions to be carried out in the absence of the solvent, becoming an important contribution to green chemistry. Biological activities of 3,4-DHPo, such as vasorelaxant, anti-HIV, antitumor, antibacterial, and antifungal, have demonstrated this heterocycle’s potential in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisa Chalán-Gualán
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Yachay University for Experimental Technology and Research (Yachay Tech), Yachay City of Knowledge, Urcuqui 100119, Ecuador
| | - Vida Castro
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Oropeza
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Yachay University for Experimental Technology and Research (Yachay Tech), Yachay City of Knowledge, Urcuqui 100119, Ecuador
| | - Margarita Suárez
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La Habana, Ciudad Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Fernando Albericio
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona and CIBER-BBN, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (H.R.); Tel.: +34-618-089145 (F.A.); +593-994-336-513 (H.R.)
| | - Hortensia Rodríguez
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Yachay University for Experimental Technology and Research (Yachay Tech), Yachay City of Knowledge, Urcuqui 100119, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (H.R.); Tel.: +34-618-089145 (F.A.); +593-994-336-513 (H.R.)
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Chaudhary B, Kulkarni N, Saiyed N, Chaurasia M, Desai S, Potkule S, Sharma S. β
‐Trifluoromethyl
α
,
β
‐unsaturated Ketones: Efficient Building Blocks for Diverse Trifluoromethylated Molecules. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharatkumar Chaudhary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad (NIPER−A) Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 INDIA
| | - Neeraj Kulkarni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad (NIPER−A) Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 INDIA
| | - Nehanaz Saiyed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad (NIPER−A) Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 INDIA
| | - Meenakshi Chaurasia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad (NIPER−A) Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 INDIA
| | - Surbhi Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad (NIPER−A) Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 INDIA
| | - Sagar Potkule
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad (NIPER−A) Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 INDIA
| | - Satyasheel Sharma
- Department of Natural Products National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad (NIPER−A) Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 INDIA
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Efavirenz a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor of first-generation: Approaches based on its medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 108:455-465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sanz-Marco A, García-Ortiz A, Blay G, Pedro JR. Catalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of terminal alkynes to β-trifluoromethyl α,β-enones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2275-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48508k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective conjugate alkynylation of β-trifluoromethyl α,β-enones using terminal alkynes and a taniaphos–Cu(i) complex as catalyst is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Sanz-Marco
- Departament de Química Orgànica
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de València
- 46100-Burjassot, Spain
| | - Andrea García-Ortiz
- Departament de Química Orgànica
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de València
- 46100-Burjassot, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Blay
- Departament de Química Orgànica
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de València
- 46100-Burjassot, Spain
| | - José R. Pedro
- Departament de Química Orgànica
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de València
- 46100-Burjassot, Spain
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5
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Amiri M, Ajloo D. QSAR and docking studies on the diaryltriazine analogs as HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Zhan P, Chen X, Li D, Fang Z, De Clercq E, Liu X. HIV-1 NNRTIs: structural diversity, pharmacophore similarity, and implications for drug design. Med Res Rev 2011; 33 Suppl 1:E1-72. [PMID: 21523792 DOI: 10.1002/med.20241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) nowadays represent very potent and most promising anti-AIDS agents that specifically target the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). However, the effectiveness of NNRTI drugs can be hampered by rapid emergence of drug-resistant viruses and severe side effects upon long-term use. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel, highly potent NNRTIs with broad spectrum antiviral activity and improved pharmacokinetic properties, and more efficient strategies that facilitate and shorten the drug discovery process would be extremely beneficial. Fortunately, the structural diversity of NNRTIs provided a wide space for novel lead discovery, and the pharmacophore similarity of NNRTIs gave valuable hints for lead discovery and optimization. More importantly, with the continued efforts in the development of computational tools and increased crystallographic information on RT/NNRTI complexes, structure-based approaches using a combination of traditional medicinal chemistry, structural biology, and computational chemistry are being used increasingly in the design of NNRTIs. First, this review covers two decades of research and development for various NNRTI families based on their chemical scaffolds, and then describes the structural similarity of NNRTIs. We have attempted to assemble a comprehensive overview of the general approaches in NNRTI lead discovery and optimization reported in the literature during the last decade. The successful applications of medicinal chemistry strategies, crystallography, and computational tools for designing novel NNRTIs are highlighted. Future directions for research are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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Kavanagh S, Piccinini A, Connon S. Efficient Catalytic Corey–Chaykovsky Reactions Involving Ketone Substrates. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Kavanagh
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland, Fax: (+353)‐167‐12826; telephone: (+353)‐1‐60‐81306
| | - Alessandro Piccinini
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland, Fax: (+353)‐167‐12826; telephone: (+353)‐1‐60‐81306
| | - Stephen J. Connon
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland, Fax: (+353)‐167‐12826; telephone: (+353)‐1‐60‐81306
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La Regina G, Coluccia A, Silvestri R. Looking for an active conformation of the future HIV type-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Antivir Chem Chemother 2010; 20:213-37. [PMID: 20710063 DOI: 10.3851/imp1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV type-1 (HIV-1) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are key drugs of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the clinical management of AIDS/HIV infection. NNRTI-based HAART regimes effectively suppress viral reproduction, are not cytotoxic and show favourable pharmacokinetic properties. First-generation NNRTIs suffer the rapid selection of viral variants, hampering the binding of inhibitors into the reverse transcriptase (RT) non-nucleoside binding site (NNBS). Efforts to improve these first inhibitors led to the discovery of second-generation NNRTIs that proved to be effective against the drug-resistant mutant HIV-1 strains. The success of such agents launched a new season of NNRTI design and synthesis. This paper reviews the characteristics of second-generation NNRTIs, including etravirine, rilpivirine, RDEA-806, UK-453061, BIRL 355 BS, IDX 899, MK-4965 and HBY 097. In particular, the binding modes of these inhibitors into the NNBS of the HIV-1 RT and the most clinically relevant mutant RTs are analysed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe La Regina
- Department of Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Medina-Franco JL, Martínez-Mayorga K, Juárez-Gordiano C, Castillo R. Pyridin-2(1H)-ones: a promising class of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2008; 2:1141-7. [PMID: 17477343 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Duchowicz PR, Fernández M, Caballero J, Castro EA, Fernández FM. QSAR for non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:5876-89. [PMID: 16766190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2006] [Revised: 05/06/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
By means of QSAR algorithms we model the potency pIC(90) [mM] of 154 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) of the wild-type HIV-1 virus, considered as the second generation analogues of Efavirenz. In addition, 56 inhibitors of the K-103N viral mutant form are also investigated. A pool of 1494 theoretical molecular descriptors provided mainly by the Dragon 5 software is explored by several methods of variable selection: forward stepwise regression, the replacement method, and the genetic algorithm approach. The optimal models found include up to seven parameters: R = 0.7991, R(l-20%-o) = 0.7233 for the case of wild-type, and R = 0.9261, R(l-5%-o) = 0.8802 for the K-103N mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo R Duchowicz
- INIFTA, División Química Teórica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Diag. 113 y 64, Suc. 4 C. C. 16, (1900) La Plata, Argentina.
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Medina-Franco JL, Rodríguez-Morales S, Juárez-Gordiano C, Hernández-Campos A, Jiménez-Barbero J, Castillo R. Flexible docking of pyridinone derivatives into the non-nucleoside inhibitor binding site of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:6085-95. [PMID: 15519154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2004] [Revised: 09/03/2004] [Accepted: 09/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) of the pyridinone derivative type were docked into nine NNRTIs binding pockets of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) structures. The docking results indicate that pyridinone analogues adopt a butterfly conformation and share the same binding mode as the crystal inhibitors in the pocket geometries of nevirapine, 1051U91, 9-Cl-TIBO, Cl-alpha-APA, efavirenz, UC-781, and S-1153. The results are in agreement with the data concerning mutational and structure-activity relationships available for pyridinone analogues and aid in the understanding, at the molecular level, of the biological response of published hybrid pyridinone molecules. Strategies to design further pyridinone derivatives active against RT containing mutations are discussed.
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Yamauchi Y, Kawate T, Katagiri T, Uneyama K. Trifluoromethyl-stabilized optically active oxiranyl and aziridinyl anions for stereospecific syntheses of trifluoromethylated compounds. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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