Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of diarylamide derivatives as selective inhibitors of the proliferation of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells

Effect of Copper-Containing Stainless Steel on Apoptosis of Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells

Background:

We aimed to investigate the effect of copper stainless steel on apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells in coronary artery.

Methods:

The study was carried out in 2019 at Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China. The rat coronary artery smooth muscle cell was used for cell resuscitation and culture. MTT method was used to visualize cell growth curve and to detect the cell survival and growth. The incubated cells were randomly divided into copper-containing stainless-steel group, ordinary stainless-steel group, and control group. The cells were made into single cell suspension, which were intervened by experimental group and incubated in incubator with CO2 for 48 hours. TUNEL method was used to detect the apoptosis. The number of apoptotic cells in five high power fields (×200) was counted. The expression of Fas protein in three groups of cells was detected by Western blot.

Results:

The growth curves of rat coronary artery smooth muscle cells showed that the OD value of the cells reached the plateau 7 days after inoculation, indicating that the cells grew well. TUNEL staining showed the apoptosis in all three groups. The apoptotic index in copper-containing group was significantly higher than that in common stainless-steel group (P <0.01). The results of the Fas protein expression level through Western blot showed that the level in the copper-containing group was significantly higher than that in the common stainless-steel group (P<0.01).

Conclusion:

Copper-containing stainless steel can promote apoptosis of coronary artery smooth muscle cells. The material could prevent stent restenosis.

Synthesis, antiproliferative activity and possible mechanism of action of novel 2-acetamidobenzamides bearing the 2-phenoxy functionality

Several new 2-(2-phenoxyacetamido)benzamides 17a-v, 21 and 22 were synthesized by stirring in pyridine the acid chlorides 16a-e and the appropriate5-R-4-R₁-2-aminobenzamide 15a-e and initially evaluated in vitro for antiproliferative activity against the K562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia) cell line. Some of synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against the full NCI tumor cell line panel derived from nine clinically isolated cancer types (leukemia, non-small cell lung, colon, CNS, melanoma, ovarian, renal, prostate and breast). The most active compounds caused an arrest of K562 cells in the G0-G1 phase of cell cycle and induction of apoptosis, which was mediated by caspase activation.

2-cinnamamido, 2-(3-phenylpropiolamido), and 2-(3-phenylpropanamido)benzamides: synthesis, antiproliferative activity, and mechanism of action

Several new benzamides 4a-q were synthesized by stirring in pyridine the acid chlorides 3a-q with the appropriate anthranilamide derivatives 2a-g. Some of the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against a panel of 5 human cell lines (K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, HTC-116 and HT26 colon cancer cells and NCI H460 non-small cell lung cancer cells).

Drug design and testing: profiling of antiproliferative agents for cancer therapy using a cell-based methyl-[3H]-thymidine incorporation assay

Drug design is an iterative process requiring cycles of compound synthesis and testing, with each successive synthesis phase yielding molecules predicted to have improved characteristics over the previous set of compounds. In the field of cancer drug discovery, a key early-stage element of the drug design and testing process usually involves the screening of compounds in cell-based in vitro assays. One of the most frequent parameters assessed in cancer drug discovery is the impact of a given molecule on the proliferation of a cancer cell. The methyl-[3H]-thymidine incorporation assay is a widely used, gold standard, method for measuring inhibition of cell proliferation and has been used successfully to screen and optimize potential new cancer drugs. The assay is based on measuring incorporation of methyl-[3H]-thymidine (the radiolabeled form of the DNA precursor thymidine) into the DNA of dividing cancer cells. The screen is used to generate concentration effect relationships for test compounds and for the derivation of IC50 values. IC50 value is defined as the concentration of a test compound required to achieve half maximal inhibition of methyl-[3H]-thymidine incorporation, a parameter that is indicative of antiproliferative potency. IC50 values derived from cell-based assays help drive the medicinal chemistry efforts toward improved drug design, and it is, therefore, critical that the screen provides consistent, robust data over the lifetime of the project - a requirement that necessitates good-quality cell culture practices. The methyl-[3H]-thymidine incorporation assay has been adapted to high-throughput format to facilitate screening of large numbers of compounds. The detailed description of this method, exemplified using the COLO-205 colorectal cancer cell line in a 96-well format, should give the reader a thorough account of how to conduct proliferation assays, as well as some notes and tips on how to ensure success and avoid potential pitfalls.

Synthesis, antiproliferative activity, and mechanism of action of a series of 2-{[(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]amino}benzamides

Several new 2-{[(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]amino}benzamides 12a-s and 17t-v were synthesized by stirring in pyridine the (E)-3-(2-R1-3-R2-4-R3-phenyl)acrylic acid chlorides 11c-k and 11t-v with the appropriate anthranilamide derivatives 10a-c or the 5-iodoanthranilic acid 13. Some of the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against the full NCI tumor cell line panel derived from nine clinically isolated cancer types (leukemia, non-small cell lung, colon, CNS, melanoma, ovarian, renal, prostate and breast). COMPARE analysis, effects on tubulin polymerization in cells and with purified tubulin, and effects on cell cycle distribution for 17t, the most active of the series, indicate that these new antiproliferative compounds act as antitubulin agents.

The evaluation and structure–activity relationships of 2-benzoylaminobenzoic esters and their analogues as anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet aggregation agents

Forty-seven 2-benzoylaminobenzoic esters were synthesized and evaluated in anti-platelet aggregation, inhibition of superoxide anion generation, and inhibition of neutrophil elastase release assays. Most 2-benzoylamino-4-chlorobenzoic acid derivatives showed selective inhibitory effects on arachidonic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation. Among them, compounds 6b and 7b exhibited more potent inhibitory effects (ca. 200-fold) than aspirin. Additionally, compounds 1a and 5a showed strong inhibitory effects on neutrophil superoxide generation with IC(50) values of 0.65 and 0.17 microM, respectively. However, compounds 6d and 6e exhibited dual inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation and neutrophil elastase (NE) release; therefore, these two compounds may be new leads for development as anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet aggregatory agents.

Synthesis of potent and selective inhibitors against the proliferation of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells

A series of diarylamide urea derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activities against human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and human coronary artery endothelial cells (ECs). Compound 2h was much superior to Tranilast, in terms of both the potency of its inhibitory activity toward the proliferation of SMCs and the cell selectivity.

Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of diarylamide derivatives as selective inhibitors of the proliferation of human endothelial cells

A series of diarylamide urea derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activities against human coronary artery endothelial cells (ECs) and human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Compound was superior to Tranilast, in terms of both cell selectivity and the potency of its inhibitory activity toward the proliferation and angiogenesis of ECs.